These All-Female Salamanders Steal Genes and Can Have Up to Five Extra Sets of Chromosomes.

These?are?all?pond?breeding?salamanders.?They?are?really?abundant?in?the?Great?Lakes.?They?are?gene?thieves.?They're?stealing?DNA?from?other?species.?It?is?known?as?Kleptogenesis.?They?are?usually?just?called?the?Unisexual?complex?or?the?unisexual?Invista?mob.?They?are?not?a?species,?actually,?because?they?break?all?the?rules?of?what?a?species?should?be?able?to?do.?They?are?a?really?unique?lineage.?As?far?as?we?know,?there?is?nothing?else?in?the?world?that?reproduces?in?this?way.?They?are?a?five?or?6?million?year?old?group?of?the?animals.?As?a?biologist,?you?learn?all?these?rules?in?intro?bio,?and?then?you?learn?about?these.?

這些都是池塘養(yǎng)殖蠑螈。它們在五大湖真的很豐富。他們是基因竊賊。他們在偷其他物種的DNA。被稱為Kleptogenesis。它們通常被稱為單性復合體或單性Invista?mob。實際上，它們不是一個物種，因為它們違反了一個物種應該做什么的所有規(guī)則。他們是一個非常獨特的血統(tǒng)。據(jù)我們所知，世界上沒有其他東西可以這樣再現(xiàn)。它們是一群五、六百萬年前的動物。作為一名生物學家，你會在介紹生物中學習所有這些規(guī)則，然后你會了解這些規(guī)則。

In?the?water,?the?males?will?produce?sperm?metaphors,?which?are?a?little?sperm?packets?that?they?sort?of?put?down?on?leaves?and?sticks?and?things?like?that?in?the?pond.?And?the?females?will?pick?those?up?internally?in?their?cloaked?up.?And?there's?internal?fertilization.?And?then?the?lay?fertilized?eggs,?which?will?develop?into?larvae,?just?like?tadpoles?do?in?frogs.?

在水中，雄性會產(chǎn)生精子的隱喻，這是一個小的精子包，他們把它放在葉子、棍子和池塘里的類似東西上。雌性會在他們的斗篷里把它們撿起來。還有內部受精。然后產(chǎn)下受精卵，它們會發(fā)育成幼蟲，就像青蛙中的蝌蚪一樣。

And?these?unisexuals?will?be?in?the?same?ponds?at?the?same?time?as?these?normal?sexually?reproducing?species.?And?they?will?actually?pick?up?the?spur?metaphors?that?are?produced?by?the?males?of?the?other?species.?That?just?triggers?egg?development.?So?their?eggs?are?laid?and?they?develop.?But?they?don't?actually?include?any?of?the?males?genetic?material.?And?they?produced?offspring?that?just?have?the?same?DNA?as?the?mom,?but?a?smaller?proportion?of?the?time?they?actually?do?add?the?males?genomes.?And?so?then?the?offspring?come?out?with?extra?chromosomes?so?they?can?have?anywhere?from?2?to?5?full?sets?of?chromosomes?from?up?to?five?different?species.?

而這些單性繁殖者會和這些正常的有性繁殖物種同時在同一個池塘里。他們實際上會撿起其他物種的雄性產(chǎn)生的馬刺隱喻。這只會觸發(fā)雞蛋發(fā)育。所以它們的卵產(chǎn)下并發(fā)育。但它們實際上并不包括任何雄性遺傳物質。他們產(chǎn)生的后代與母親的DNA相同，但實際上添加雄性基因組的時間所占比例較小。因此，后代會產(chǎn)生額外的染色體，因此它們可以擁有多達5個不同物種的2到5個完整的染色體。

And?these?salamanders?seem?to?have?the?benefits?of?asexuality,?and?that?they're?all?female.?Their?populations?can?grow?really?fast,?but?they?have?this?mechanism?to?add?additional?genetic?variation?that?they?are?able?to?grab?from?these?species?that?they?coexist?with.?

這些sal似乎具有無性的好處，而且它們都是女性。他們的種群可以增長得非常快，但是他們有這種機制來增加額外的遺傳變異，他們能夠從與他們共存的這些物種中抓住這些遺傳變異。

If?there's?one?thing?that?we?learn?from?studying?biodiversity,?it's?that?there's?amazing?variation?in?nature.?There?are?all?kinds?of?species?reproducing?in?all?kinds?of?ways,?using?all?kinds?of?different?approaches.?And?I?think?that's?something?we?could?certainly?learn?from?in?human?society?that?valuing?and?celebrating?that?diversity,?is,?is?a?great?part?of?being?a?biologist.?

如果我們從研究生物多樣性中學到一件事，那就是自然界有驚人的變化。使用各種不同的方法，以各種方式繁殖各種物種。我認為這是我們在人類社會中當然可以學到的東西，重視和慶祝這種多樣性，是成為生物學家的重要組成部分。

不要忘記一鍵三連噢！?。?/p>

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