1712AS歷史
★★★
生詞摘錄:
cog-wheel 齒輪
of late 最近
blanch 漂白
myriad 無數(shù),大量
palsy 麻痹?/?p??lzi/
exquisite 精致的
文章分析:
Blurb:?給出文章時代背景。
para 1: 人和工具不一樣;
para 2太長,自行劃層次:
line 11-19 (We ... a nail.): 這個層次兩句話,很難理解。
讀到line16 so that的時候,有因有果果重要,前面讀不懂也不影響大意獲取。這個層次講的就是(因為分工導(dǎo)致)一個人不能生產(chǎn)一支完整的釘子,而只能做一個釘帽或釘尖。
line 20-32 (Now ... advantages.):?量產(chǎn)是好,但是這其中也有遺憾,那就是對人(living spirit)的關(guān)注,從來都不在考慮范圍之內(nèi);
line 32-44 (And ... labour.): 注意找到層次中的并列結(jié)構(gòu),然后找一個覺得做好理解的。需要去理解什么是好的勞動;
line 45-55:?通過以下三個原則可以知道什么是可識別可管理的好產(chǎn)品;三個原則也就找到一個最好懂的就可以,比如第一個:不生產(chǎn)不需要的東西。
倒數(shù)第二段:舉例說明,玻璃珠就屬于上面說到的沒必要的產(chǎn)品;(工廠里這些重復(fù)的工作沒有意義)
結(jié)尾:而杯子或者花瓶就更加有意義,因為產(chǎn)品中有美和創(chuàng)意的體現(xiàn)。
這篇文章其實主要就是靠最后兩段讀明白的,不要去做那些無思考無創(chuàng)新的重復(fù)性勞動。所以閱讀耐力很重要,不放棄理解。
常錯題:
12 結(jié)構(gòu)題之信息目的,考點是句內(nèi)關(guān)系。關(guān)注信息關(guān)系,不能只看信息本身。
14 間接細節(jié),只要定位到就好辦。題點在于concede。其他三個選項也很好排,都是沒有證據(jù)。
15 上一題定位
17 單詞意思題,回原文看到broad and simple rules,所以broad和simple取同,在選項中找simple的邏輯等價詞即可~
背景拓展:

John Ruskin (8 February 1819?– 20 January 1900) was the leading English?art critic?of the?Victorian era, as well as an art patron,?draughtsman,?watercolourist, a prominent social thinker and philanthropist. He wrote on subjects as varied as?geology,?architecture, myth,?ornithology,?literature,?education,?botany?and?political economy. 【厲害。。】
His writing styles and literary forms were equally varied. He penned essays and treatises, poetry and lectures, travel guides and manuals, letters and even a fairy tale. He also made detailed sketches and paintings of rocks, plants, birds, landscapes, and architectural structures and ornamentation.
The elaborate style that characterised his earliest writing on art gave way in time to plainer language designed to communicate his ideas more effectively. In all of his writing, he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society.?