2023年上半年四六級(jí)漢譯英練習(xí):職業(yè)教育、素質(zhì)教育、五育并舉(第二篇)
背景和目的:為了讓學(xué)生了解素質(zhì)相關(guān)的詞匯,表達(dá)“全方位發(fā)展”相關(guān)內(nèi)容,鑒于近兩年考教師編的學(xué)生增多,教育類題目成為漢譯英的新方向也存在可能。
上一篇練習(xí)如下:
本篇為素質(zhì)教育漢譯英,其關(guān)聯(lián)課題還包括”雙減政策“和“全方位發(fā)展”
Directions: Translate the following passage into English
????????素質(zhì)教育(Essential quality-orientated education, 簡寫為EQO education),是以全面提高人的基本素質(zhì)為根本目的,尊重人的主體性和主動(dòng)精神,以人的性格為基礎(chǔ),注重開發(fā)人的智慧潛能,注重形成人的健全個(gè)性為根本特征的教育。實(shí)施素質(zhì)教育,是貫徹黨的教育方針的根本要求,是社會(huì)發(fā)展的實(shí)際需要,是時(shí)代的呼喚,也是人民的期盼,同時(shí)也是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程,涉及政府、學(xué)校、家庭、社會(huì)等各個(gè)方面。素質(zhì)教育的角色與責(zé)任中,政府是主導(dǎo)、學(xué)校是關(guān)鍵、家庭是基礎(chǔ)、社會(huì)是保障。只有各方形成合力,才能營造有利于素質(zhì)教育落實(shí)的良好育人環(huán)境,使學(xué)生成為德、智、體、美全面發(fā)展的社會(huì)主義建設(shè)者和接班人。而真正實(shí)現(xiàn)從應(yīng)試教育到素質(zhì)教育的轉(zhuǎn)變,是教育領(lǐng)域的一場深刻變革,既是一場攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn),也是一場持久戰(zhàn)。
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有關(guān)中國教育常見的特色短語:
1- 全方位發(fā)展:development in all round / comprehensive development
2- 德、智、體、美、勞:morality, intelligence, fitness, aesthetic sense and labor skills
3- 素質(zhì)教育:essential quality-orientated education (EQO education)
4- 綜合能力:overall skills / capabilities
5- 基本素質(zhì):essential qualities
6- 教育方針:education policies
7- 應(yīng)試教育:exam-orientated education
8- 教書育人:impart/deliver knowledge and cultivate students
9- 健全的個(gè)性:healthy characters
10- 攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn):the decisive battle
11- 根本目的在于:the ultimate goal of ... is ...
(1)有關(guān)素質(zhì)教育的名稱討論,有些媒體采用了quality education,聯(lián)合國采用的是EQO education,這里采用的也是EQO education。
(2)以……為根本目的,可以使用the ultimate goal表示“根本目的”,而fundamental直接字面翻譯多少缺一些程度。
(3)難句:“尊重人的主體性和主動(dòng)精神,以人的性格為基礎(chǔ),注重開發(fā)人的智慧潛能,注重形成人的健全個(gè)性”這部分中,首先以……為根本特征,可以使用be distinguished by短語,其次,這里的尊重有很多人使用respect,但是respect的動(dòng)作主體多為人,這里作為謂語相比而言不夠完善,但是做四六級(jí)能夠用到這個(gè)詞匯已經(jīng)足夠。參考中使用的是value,動(dòng)詞含義為“注重”,其短語是value the importance of。主體性:identity,人的身份;能動(dòng)性:motive,人的主動(dòng)意識(shí),有些參考給的是go-aheadism,雖然本意也是這個(gè)意思,但是多少不夠順暢。
“以人的性格為基礎(chǔ),注重開發(fā)人的智慧潛能,注重形成人的健全個(gè)性”可以看出其中邏輯是“注重開發(fā)人的智慧潛能和個(gè)性形成(基于人的性格)”,這里如何表達(dá)“健全的人格”,使用healthy characters。有對(duì)于personality和character的討論如下:personality的意思傾向于描述人的“外在特質(zhì)”,比如開朗、外向、內(nèi)斂、積極、幽默等。這些特指你跟對(duì)方相處一段時(shí)間就能察覺出來。而character 更多指“內(nèi)在特質(zhì)”,比如公正、富同情心、有勇氣、堅(jiān)毅等。這需要花一定時(shí)間,積累足夠多事例和信息才能發(fā)現(xiàn)和判斷出來。
(5)良好的育人環(huán)境:育人多使用“cultivation”,其深度超過“education。”比如“師者,傳道授業(yè)解惑者也。”我們就使用“A teacher is someone who could propagate the doctrine, impart professional knowledge and resolve doubts.”(出處:《中國日?qǐng)?bào)雙語版》2020年9月版)
(6)應(yīng)試教育:exam-orientated education(附:科舉制:the imperial examination system of China)
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With the ultimate aim at improving a person's essential qualities in all round, EQO education is distinguished by valuing a person’s identity and motive, giving emphasis to developing their intelligent potentials and forming healthy characters, which are based on their personalities. Implementing EQO education is the fundamental need for fully implementing the CPC's education policies, real demand for social progress, call of our times and expectations from the people. Also, it is an elaborate and systematic program where the government, schools, families and the whole society all play important parts. In terms of their roles and responsibilities for EQO education development, the government leads the way, schools serve as important vehicles, families are the solid foundation, and the society guards its development. Only when all parties work together can a favorable environment for cultivation be put in place for EQO education to achieve the goal of turning students into the constructors and successors for socialism with development in all respect in terms of their morality, intelligence, fitness, and aesthetics. It will be a far-reaching reform to fully transition exam-orientated education into EQO education, which is a both decisive and protracted battle.