本文摘自20230128《金融時報》

標(biāo)題：Coding is still a good career bet

??coding n.?編碼、編程

code?v. 編碼

program v. 編程

coder n.?程序員

??a good/ safe bet 有望成功的事

Textiles are a good bet for a country bent on industrialisation.

紡織業(yè)對于致力于工業(yè)化的國家來說是比較穩(wěn)妥的產(chǎn)業(yè)。

導(dǎo)語：Tech job losses and AI advances do not mean computers can program themselves

??program?v. 編程

programming n. 編程

programmer?n. 程序員

P1-1

“Just one word?...?plastics” is the career advice offered by the family friend Mr McGuire to a bemused Benjamin Braddock, played by Dustin Hoffman, in the 1967 movie The Graduate. ...

??bemused adj.?困惑的、茫然的

be-：進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)的人或事物

beloved?adj.?受人喜愛的?

becalmed?adj.?（船）無法航行的

bewildered?adj.?困惑的??

P1-2

... A modern-day Mr McGuire might well advocate coding as the route to decently paid job security. Or he might have done before the tech industry axed 200,000 jobs in the past 12 months — and the clamour around the artificial intelligence platform ChatGPT raised awareness that machines can write code, too. Computers, it seems, may soon be programming themselves. So is what we’ve been telling our kids about safe jobs all wrong?

??modern-day adj. 當(dāng)代版的

??job security n. 職業(yè)保障

??axe vt.?解雇、裁員

??clamour n. 喧鬧聲、吵鬧

??artificial intelligence（AI）n. 人工智能

難句解析：

1.Or he might have done before the tech industry axed 200,000 jobs in the past 12 months?— and?the clamour around the artificial intelligence platform ChatGPT raised awareness?that machines can write code, too.

??紅色部分為句子主干。

??藍(lán)色部分為兩個并列的時間狀語從句，結(jié)構(gòu)為before A and B；其中淺藍(lán)色部分是awareness的同位語從句。

段落大意：引入：科技行業(yè)迎來裁員潮，新興人工智能平臺崛起，過去的王牌專業(yè)——編程路在何方？

P2-1

Parental panic would be premature. Widespread lay-offs may indeed signal that the days of perpetual growth in Big Tech companies are ending and they are starting to behave more like banks — hiring in good times and firing in bad. Some are, for the first time, being pressed by activist investors to raise profitability. ...

??premature?adj.?早熟的、草率的?

??lay-off n. 解雇、裁員

lay sb. off 解雇某人

??perpetual adj. 不間斷的、持續(xù)的

??Big Tech n. 科技巨頭

??activist investor n. 激進(jìn)投資者

activist n. 激進(jìn)分子

難句解析：

2.Widespread lay-offs may indeed signal?that?the days of perpetual growth in Big Tech companies are ending?and?they are starting to behave more like banks — hiring in good times and firing in bad（times）.

??紅色部分為句子主干。

??藍(lán)色部分為that引導(dǎo)的由and的連接兩個賓語從句；其中淺藍(lán)色部分為banks的伴隨狀語。

P2-2

...But after their extraordinary hiring sprees during lockdown, the job cuts represent only a modest retrenchment. Many of the axed roles are in sales and marketing, not programming. And if the arms race among tech companies to secure computer science graduates is abating, other previously outgunned sectors — from engineering to media and finance — will be happy to pick up the spare talent.

??spree n.?一段時間的無節(jié)制行為

crime spree 一段時間的犯罪潮

shopping/ buying spree 一段時間的瘋狂購物

hiring spree 招聘狂潮??

??retrenchment n.（資金、人員）緊縮

retrench vt. 裁員；縮減開支

??arms race?n.?軍備競賽（文中指各個科技大廠間的人才爭奪戰(zhàn)?）

arms n. 武器

??abate v. 減弱、減退

??outgun?vt.?勝過、壓過

out-：超過...、更加...

outcompete?比……更出色

outnumber?數(shù)量比……多?

outwit?比……聰明

??spare adj. 多余的、閑置的

spare n. 備胎

spare cash n. 閑錢

段落大意：現(xiàn)在還擔(dān)心計算機(jī)專業(yè)不好找工作還為時尚早，因為：

1.科技大廠裁員主要是前些年招人太多；

2.即便科技大廠不再招計算機(jī)專業(yè)學(xué)生，其他行業(yè)也會有需求。

P3

The need for software will only grow. The pandemic drove demand from consumers needing to work, shop, educate and entertain themselves at home — and from businesses struggling to control supply chains. Now organisations are looking to IT to blunt the impact of inflation. Robotics, automation, and the digitisation of even everyday products will require a lot more code. And a lot of legacy systems will need replacing.

??supply chain n. 供應(yīng)鏈

??blunt vt. 使... 減弱

??inflation n. 通貨膨脹

??automation n. 自動化

??digitisation n. 數(shù)字化

??legacy system n. 遺留系統(tǒng)、舊系統(tǒng)

段落大意：計算機(jī)專業(yè)依然有競爭力的另一原因——軟件需求只增不減。

P4-1

Rather than being a big threat to coders, generative AI can help. Computers are unlikely to be writing their own programs any time soon, but Copilot, a kind of super-smart autocomplete function for coding from Microsoft’s GitHub division, is already raising productivity....

??generative AI 生成式AI

generative adj. 有生產(chǎn)力的

??autocomplete n.?自動完成

auto-：自動?

autofill n. 自動填充

??division n. 部門、子公司

marketing division 營銷部門

難句解析：

3.Computers are unlikely to be writing their own programs any time soon, but?Copilot,?a kind of super-smart autocomplete function for coding?from Microsoft’s GitHub division,?is already raising productivity.

??整個句子是個由but連接的并列句。

??紅色部分為并列句的分句一。

??黃色部分為并列句的分句二；其中淺黃色部分是Copilot的同位語，介紹其功能和來源。

P4-2

...Coders write a prompt on what they’re aiming to do and Copilot suggests lines of code. Andrej Karpathy, a former director of AI at Tesla, tweeted last month that Copilot was writing 80 per cent of his code, with 80 per cent accuracy. Programmers say the tool both speeds up their work and frees them to be more creative.

??prompt n. 提示符（一種編程符號）

??tweet v. 發(fā)推；n. 推文

Twitter 推特

? free vt. 解放、使... 拜托

Art frees the imagination.

藝術(shù)可以釋放想象力。

段落大意：從人工智能角度論述：新型人工智能和程序員是互助關(guān)系，而非競爭關(guān)系。

P5

Advances are also opening coding to non-specialists. Low-code or no-code development platforms allow users to create application software by using a graphical interface. Microsoft’s CEO Satya Nadella suggests this could help close skills gaps: someone with expertise in, say, media or logistics, but no coding knowledge, can get involved in developing business apps. This shifts the balance a little towards business units and away from IT.

??advance n.?進(jìn)步

??non-specialist n.?非專業(yè)人士

non-：無、非

non-smoker n.?不抽煙的人

non-believer n.?非信徒??

??low-code development platform n. 低代碼開發(fā)平臺

no-code development platform n. 無代碼/ 零代碼開發(fā)平臺

nolo drinks 無酒精飲料/ 低酒精飲料

= non-alcohol/ low-alcohol drink

??application software n. 應(yīng)用程序

= application program/ app

??graphical interface 圖形交互界面

??expertise n.?專業(yè)技能

expertise in (doing) sth.?在（做）某方面很專業(yè)

??say?v.?比方說 = let's say

The form might include,?say, a dozen questions.

表格可能包括，比如說，十幾個問題。

??business app 企業(yè)軟件

= enterprise app

consumer app 消費(fèi)者軟件

??shift?v.?變換、更替

shift towards/ to sth. 向某方向轉(zhuǎn)變

shift away from sth. 遠(yuǎn)離某方向

The balance of power?shifted away from workers towards employers.

力量均勢從工人向雇主傾斜。

??unit n. 部門、子公司

business unit 事業(yè)部

段落大意：技術(shù)的進(jìn)步也讓更多不懂代碼的人能參與到軟件開發(fā)中。

P6

Those who understand coding from scratch will still be needed — not least to oversee the AI and correct any machine-generated mistakes. But as the grunt work is automated away, their skills will have to move up the value curve. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics projects US employment among “programmers”, narrowly defined, will fall 10 per cent over the next decade, but sees the number of software developers, including those responsible for planning, quality assurance, testing and integration, rising by a quarter.

??from scratch?從零開始、從頭開始

Building a home from scratch can be both exiciting and challenging.

建立一個全新的家庭既讓人興奮又富于挑戰(zhàn)。

??not least 尤其、特別

??oversee vt. 監(jiān)督

??grunt n. 工作乏味工資低的人

grunt work 普通工作

??automate vt. 使... 自動化

??away adv. 消失

die away（聲音等）逐漸消失

melt away（積雪等）逐漸消失、融化

??value curve n. 價值曲線

??Bureau of Labor Statistics 勞工統(tǒng)計局

??project v. 預(yù)測、推算

??narrow adj.?狹義的

broad?adj.?概括的、不具體的??

I use the word ‘neighbour’ in its narrower sense.

我說的是更俠義的“鄰居”。

??quality assurance (QA) n. 質(zhì)量保證

??integration n. 集成、整合

難句解析：

4.The US Bureau of Labor Statistics projects?US employment among “programmers”, narrowly defined,?will fall 10 per cent over the next decade,?but sees the number of software developers, including those responsible for planning, quality assurance, testing and integration,?rising by a quarter.

??整個句子由but連接兩個分句，紅色部分為句子主干；其中淺紅色為分句二的伴隨狀語。

??藍(lán)色部分為分句一的賓語從句，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that。

??兩部分灰色為插入語，先行詞分別是programmers和developers，?起解釋說明作用。

段落大意：承接前文，盡管看似不懂代碼的人也能參與到軟件開發(fā)之重，但各行各業(yè)依然需要懂代碼的專業(yè)人士。

P7

If automation makes the best IT brains more productive, this is a good thing. Scaling the capabilities of talented people is likely to lead to more breakthroughs. Computers taking over more technical work as humans move up to a higher level of abstraction has been happening since the dawn of computing. For the graduates of today, that means coding is still a good place to start.

??productive adj. 多產(chǎn)的、高產(chǎn)的

??scale v.?增加、增大

= scale up?

scale the business 擴(kuò)張企業(yè)

??breakthrough n. 突破

break through 突破

He's a very talented young actor who's just ready to break through.

他是一名天賦很高、正待破繭而出的青年演員。

??abstraction n. 抽象

level of abstraction 抽象層級

??the dawn of 某事的開端、黎明

段落大意：自動化能提高計算機(jī)人才的效率，計算機(jī)專業(yè)依然是不錯之選。

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