你善于判斷他人的性格嗎？本文討論如何判斷一個人的性格，以及為什么很難衡量我們是否善于判斷他人的性格。

詞匯：first impressions 第一印象

Are you a?good judge of character? Can you make an accurate?judgement?of someone's personality based only on your first impression of them??Ironically, the answer?lies?as much?in?them as it does in you.

你善于判斷人的性格嗎?你能僅僅根據(jù)你對一個人的第一印象就對他的性格做出準(zhǔn)確的判斷嗎?諷刺的是，答案就在他們身上，就在你身上。

One of?the first people to try to?identify?good judges?of character was US psychologist Henry F Adams in 1927.?His research led him to conclude that people?fell into?two groups – good judges of themselves and good judges of others. Adams's research has been widely criticised since then, but he wasn't entirely wrong about there being two?distinct?types.

1927年，美國心理學(xué)家亨利·F·亞當(dāng)斯(Henry F Adams)是最早試圖確定品格評判好壞的人之一。他的研究使他得出結(jié)論，人可以分為兩類——好的自我評價者和好的他人評價者。從那時起，亞當(dāng)斯的研究受到了廣泛的批評，但他關(guān)于存在兩種不同類型的觀點并非完全錯誤。

More on that in a moment, but first we need to define what a good judge of character is. Is it someone who can?read?personality or someone who can read emotion? Those are two distinct skills. Emotions such as anger or joy or sadness can?generate?easily?identifiable?physical signs. Most of us would probably be able to?accurately?identify these signs, even in a stranger. As such, most of us are probably good judges of emotion.

稍后我們會進一步討論，但首先我們需要定義什么是好的性格判斷者。是一個能讀懂性格的人還是一個能讀懂情感的人?這是兩種截然不同的技能。憤怒、喜悅或悲傷等情緒可以產(chǎn)生容易識別的身體信號。我們大多數(shù)人可能都能準(zhǔn)確地識別這些信號，即使是陌生人。因此，我們大多數(shù)人可能都是很好地情感判斷者。

In order to be a good judge of personality, however, there needs to be an?interaction?with the other person, and that person needs to be a 'good?target'. 'Good targets' are people who?reveal?relevant?and useful?cues?to their personality. So this means 'the good judge' will only?manifest?when reading 'good targets'. This is according to Rogers and Biesanz in their 2019 journal entitled 'Reassessing the good judge of personality'. "We found?consistent, clear and strong evidence that the good judge does exist", Rogers and Biesanz concluded. But their key finding is that the good judge does not have magical gifts of?perception?– they are simply able to "detect?and?utilise?information?provided?by the good target".

然而，要想很好地判斷一個人的性格，就需要和另一個人有互動，而那個人需要是一個“好的目標(biāo)”?！昂媚繕?biāo)”是那些能透露與其性格相關(guān)的有用信息的人。因此，這意味著只有在閱讀“好目標(biāo)”時，“優(yōu)秀的判斷者”才會表現(xiàn)出來。這是Rogers和Biesanz在2019年發(fā)表的題為《重新評估良好的性格判斷》的期刊中提出的。羅杰斯和比桑茲總結(jié)說:“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一致、明確和有力的證據(jù)，證明好的判斷者確實存在。”但他們的關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是，優(yōu)秀的判斷者并沒有神奇的感知天賦——他們只是能夠“探測和利用優(yōu)秀目標(biāo)提供的信息”。

So, are first impressions really accurate? Well, if you're a good judge talking to a 'good target', then it seems the answer is 'yes'. And now we know that good judges probably do exist, more research can be done into how they read personality, what kind of people they are – and whether their skills can be taught.

那么，第一印象真的準(zhǔn)確嗎?好吧，如果你是一個優(yōu)秀判斷者，與一個“好目標(biāo)”交談，那么答案似乎是“是的”?，F(xiàn)在我們知道，優(yōu)秀的判斷者可能確實存在，我們可以做更多的研究，了解他們?nèi)绾谓庾x性格，他們是什么樣的人，以及他們的技能是否可以教。

詞匯表

good judge of character 善于判別性格的人
judgement 判斷
ironically 具有諷刺意味地
lie in (the answer/solution) （答案、解決方法）在于
identify 識別
fall into 分為
distinct 截然不同的，差別明顯的
read (personality) 讀懂（個性）
generate 產(chǎn)生
identifiable 很容易識別的
accurately 準(zhǔn)確地
interaction 互動
good target 可判讀的 “好目標(biāo)”
reveal 透露
relevant 相關(guān)的
cue 暗示，線索
manifest 顯現(xiàn)出來
consistent 一致的
perception 感知能力
detect 發(fā)現(xiàn)
utilise 利用
provide 提供

測驗與練習(xí)

1.?閱讀課文并回答問題。

1. Who was one of the first researchers to try and find out if good judges of character exist?

2. True or False??Reading personality and reading emotion are the same thing.

3. Why are most of us probably good judges of emotion?

4. True or False??It's possible to be a good judge of personality just by looking at the other person.

5. How does a 'good target' help make a good judge of character?

2.?選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來完成下列句子。

1. A dog can _______ its owner by their scent alone.

identify? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?generate? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?target? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?manifest

2. It is _______ believed that adults need between seven and nine hours of sleep a night.

ironically? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? as such? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?widely? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?accurately

3. The new factory will _______ many new jobs.

identify? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?fall into? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?reveal? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? generate

4. Stop talking about that! It's not _______ right now.

distinct? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?identifiable????????????????????? relevant? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? consistent?????????????

5. The human ear cannot _______ certain sounds.??

manifest? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?detect? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?utilise? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? provide? ? ?

答案

1.?閱讀課文并回答問題。?

1. Who was one of the first researchers to try and find out if good judges of character exist?
It was Henry F Adams in 1927.

2. True or False??Reading personality and reading emotion are the same thing.
False. They are two distinct skills.

3. Why are most of us probably good judges of emotion?
Because emotions can generate easily identifiable physical signs that most of us are probably able to accurately identify.

4. True or False??It's possible to be a good judge of personality just by looking at the other person.
False. There needs to be an interaction with the other person, and that person needs to be a 'good target'.

5. How does a 'good target' help make a good judge of character?
The 'good target' will give useful cues and information about their personality, and the good judge will detect and utilise them. A good judge of character cannot be successful without a 'good target' to read.

2.?選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來完成下列句子。

1. A dog can?identify?its owner by their scent alone.

2. It is?widely?believed that adults need between seven and nine hours of sleep a night.

3. The new factory will?generate?many new jobs.

4. Stop talking about that! It's not?relevant?right now.

5. The human ear cannot?detect?certain sounds.??

文章來源BBC，侵權(quán)刪。