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Abstract

Abstract摘要是論文中的精華部分，以最簡(jiǎn)潔的文字概括論文的主要內(nèi)容，以便讀者決定是否要閱讀全文。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，Abstract主要包含幾項(xiàng)內(nèi)容：
1. 論文主題2. 理論基礎(chǔ)、途徑、方法3. 研究結(jié)果4. 影響和價(jià)值
描述提出論文主題
1.The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of …我們的研究目標(biāo)是獲取有關(guān)…的知識(shí)。
2.The object of this fundamental research will be to reveal …此項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)研究的目標(biāo)是揭示…
3.With his recent research, the author intends to outline the framework of …通過(guò)最近的研究，作者試圖描繪…構(gòu)架。
4.The primary/chief/overall/main object of this study is to survey …本研究的首要目標(biāo)是考察…
5.The emphasis of this study lies in …我們的研究重點(diǎn)是…
6.We propose a new … model and … algorithm that enables us to …我們提出一種新的…模型和…算法，它讓我們能夠…?
描述研究理論基礎(chǔ)方案及實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
1.This is a working theory which is based on …這是一項(xiàng)基于…的實(shí)用理論。
2.Experiments on … were made to measure …我們進(jìn)行了針對(duì)…的實(shí)驗(yàn)，以測(cè)量…
3.The problem we have outlined deals largely with the study of …我們所述問(wèn)題很大程度上涉及對(duì)…的研究。
4.We have carried out several sets of experiments to test the validity of …我們進(jìn)行了一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)以測(cè)試…的有效性。
5.We undertook the experiment to support the hypothesis of …我們開(kāi)展此項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)以支持…假設(shè)。
6.The experiment made by the research group is aimed at obtaining the results …研究小組所做實(shí)驗(yàn)旨在獲取有關(guān)…的結(jié)果。
描述研究意義及價(jià)值
1.All our preliminary results throw light on the nature of …我們的初步研究結(jié)果有助于揭示…本質(zhì)。
2.This fruitful work gives explanation of …我們富有成果的研究工作解釋了…
3.The author's pioneer work has contributed to our present understanding of …作者的開(kāi)創(chuàng)性工作有助于理解…
4.The research work has brought about a discovery of …研究工作帶來(lái)一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)
5.The research has resulted in a solution of …研究工作帶來(lái)一個(gè)…問(wèn)題的解決方案

Introduction

Introduction部分在Abstract之后出現(xiàn)。Introduction部分應(yīng)向讀者簡(jiǎn)要概述你的主題和研究的原因。
研究論文的Introduction部分應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：1.總體介紹2.問(wèn)題定義3.研究現(xiàn)狀4.問(wèn)題解決方案5.研究動(dòng)機(jī)6.研究目標(biāo)7.研究的意義和優(yōu)勢(shì)
總體介紹
1.Research on __ has a long tradition關(guān)于__的研究有著悠久的傳統(tǒng)。
2.For decades, one of the most popular ideas in __ research is the idea that __幾十年來(lái)，__研究中最流行的觀點(diǎn)之一是__。
3.Recent theoretical developments have revealed that __最近的理論發(fā)展表明__。
4.A common strategy used to study __ is to __研究__的常用策略是__。
5.This research constitutes a relatively new area which has emerged?from __這項(xiàng)研究是由__產(chǎn)生的一個(gè)相對(duì)較新的領(lǐng)域
6.These approaches have been influential in the field because of __由于__，這些方法在該領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生了影響。
問(wèn)題定義
1.This seems to be a common problem in __這似乎是__的一個(gè)普遍問(wèn)題。
2.This leads to myriad problems in __這導(dǎo)致了__的無(wú)數(shù)問(wèn)題。
3.The main problem is that __主要的問(wèn)題是__。
4.There is a further problem with __關(guān)于__還有一個(gè)更深層次的問(wèn)題。
5.One primary problem with __ is that __關(guān)于__的一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題是__。
6.The methods are not without their problems as will be discussed in __這些方法并非沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，我們將在__中討論這些問(wèn)題。
研究現(xiàn)狀
1.There is no previous research using __ approach.之前沒(méi)有使用__方法的研究。
2.As far as we know, no previous research has investigated __據(jù)我們所知，以前沒(méi)有研究過(guò)__。
3.There has been less previous evidence for __之前關(guān)于__的證據(jù)較少。
4.Other studies have failed to __其他的研究未能證實(shí)__。
5.To our knowledge, no study has yielded __據(jù)我們所知，沒(méi)有一項(xiàng)研究取得了__成果。
6.No study to date has examined __到目前為止，還沒(méi)有研究考察過(guò)__。
解決方法
1.One way to overcome these problems is to __克服這些問(wèn)題的一個(gè)方法是__。
2.There are many alternative methods are available for solving these problems.?有許多可供選擇的方法來(lái)解決這些問(wèn)題。
3.In order to rectify the problem of __為了糾正__的問(wèn)題。
4.An alternative approach to the problem is __解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的另一種方法是__。
5.To overcome this problem, in the next section we demonstrate __為了克服這個(gè)問(wèn)題，在下一節(jié)我們將演示__。
6.A large number of alternative approaches have been developed over the last few decades to__在過(guò)去的幾十年里，人們開(kāi)發(fā)了大量的替代方法來(lái)支持__。

Results & Discussion

Results部分的目的是展示你研究的關(guān)鍵性結(jié)果。根據(jù)提交研究論文的期刊的要求，Results & Discussion可以合并成一個(gè)部分，也可以組織成單獨(dú)的部分。
研究論文的結(jié)果和討論部分應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：
1.發(fā)現(xiàn)2.與先前研究的比較3.研究限制4.論據(jù)5.猜測(cè)6.論點(diǎn)推理
發(fā)現(xiàn)
1.From the short review above, key findings emerge: __從上述簡(jiǎn)短的綜述中，主要發(fā)現(xiàn)如下:__。
2.We describe the results of __, which show __我們描述了__的結(jié)果，結(jié)果是__。
3.This suggests that __這表明__。
4.We showed that __我們證明了__。
5.Our findings on __ at least hint that __我們對(duì)__的調(diào)查結(jié)果至少表明了__。
6.This is an important finding in the understanding of the __這是理解__的一個(gè)重要發(fā)現(xiàn)。
與先前的研究比較
1.The results demonstrated in this chapter match state of the art methods.結(jié)果表明，在本章匹配的國(guó)家的藝術(shù)方法。
2.Here we compare the results of the proposed method with those of the traditional methods.在此，我們將提出的方法與傳統(tǒng)方法的結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較。
3.These results go beyond previous reports, showing that __這些結(jié)果超出了以前的報(bào)告，表明__。
4.In line with previous studies, __這與之前的研究結(jié)果一致，__。
5.This result ties well with previous studies wherein __這一結(jié)果與之前關(guān)于__的研究結(jié)果相吻合。
6.Contrary to the findings of __ we did not find __與__的調(diào)查結(jié)果相反，我們沒(méi)有找到__。
研究限制
1.This limitation is apparent in many __這種限制在許多__中很明顯。
2.One concern about the findings of __ was that __對(duì)__的調(diào)查結(jié)果的一個(gè)擔(dān)憂是__。
3.Because of this potential limitation, we treat __由于這個(gè)潛在的限制，我們處理__。
4.The limitations of the present studies naturally include __本研究的局限性自然包括__。
5.One limitation is found in this case.在本例中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)限制。
6.Another limitation of this __另一限制是__。
論據(jù)
1.A popular explanation of __ is that __對(duì)__的普遍解釋是__。
2.It is by now generally accepted that __現(xiàn)在人們普遍認(rèn)為_(kāi)_。
3.A popular explanation is that __一個(gè)流行的解釋是__。
4.As it is not generally agreed that __由于人們普遍認(rèn)為_(kāi)_。
5.These are very small and difficult to observe.它們很小，很難觀察到。
6.It is important to highlight the fact that __重要的是要強(qiáng)調(diào)__這一事實(shí)。
猜測(cè)
1.However, we acknowledge that there are considerable discussions among researchers as to __然而，我們承認(rèn)研究人員對(duì)__進(jìn)行了相當(dāng)多的討論。
2.We speculate that this might be due to __我們推測(cè)這可能是由于__。
3.There are reasons to doubt this explanation of __有理由懷疑對(duì)__的解釋。
4.It remains unclear to which degree __ are attributed to __目前尚不清楚__在何種程度上屬于__。
5.However, __ does seem to improve __然而，__似乎確實(shí)改善了__。
6.This does seem to depend on __這似乎確實(shí)取決于__。
論點(diǎn)推理
1.A difference between these __ can only be attributable to __這些__之間的差異只能歸因于__。
2.Nonetheless, we believe that it is well justified to __盡管如此，我們認(rèn)為_(kāi)_是合理的。
3.This may raise concerns about __ which can be addressed by __這可能會(huì)引起對(duì)__的關(guān)注，__可以解決這些問(wèn)題。
4.As discussed, this is due to the fact that __如前所述，這是由于__。
5.Results demonstrate that this is not necessarily true.結(jié)果表明，這并不一定是真的。
6.These findings support the notion that __ is not influenced by __這些發(fā)現(xiàn)支持了__不受__影響的觀點(diǎn)。