TED演講者：Enzo Romero / 恩佐·羅梅羅

演講標(biāo)題：The affordable, 3D-printed bionics of the future / 未來(lái) 3D 打印的平價(jià)仿生科技

內(nèi)容概要：Creating functional prosthetics at a fraction of the cost of imported tech, bionic innovator and TED Fellow Enzo Romero shares a groundbreaking model for designing 3D-printed assistive technology sourced from recycled materials -- built in and for his native Peru. Hear how Luke Skywalker's bionic hand in Star Wars inspired Romero to pursue mechatronics engineering and help people with disabilities and limited resources fully live again.

以進(jìn)口技術(shù)成本的一小部分制造功能性假肢，仿生創(chuàng)新者和 TED 研究員恩佐·羅梅羅（Enzo Romero）分享了一個(gè)開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的模型，用于設(shè)計(jì)源自可回收材料的 3D 打印輔助技術(shù)——不僅是為了他的家鄉(xiāng)秘魯也在秘魯當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄔ臁?聽(tīng)聽(tīng)盧克·天行者在《星球大戰(zhàn)》中的仿生手如何啟發(fā)羅梅羅追求機(jī)電一體化工程，并幫助殘障人士和資源有限的人重獲新生。

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【1】One in seven people around the world has some kind of disability.

在這個(gè)世界上,每七個(gè)人, 就有一個(gè)人身有殘疾。

【2】Being born without my right hand has defined who I am over the past 30 years.

過(guò)去三十年來(lái), 出生就沒(méi)有右手這件事, 定義了我的全部。

【3】I was fortunate to grow [up] in the sacred valley of the Incas in Cusco, Peru, surrounded by people who weren't surprised to see me driving my bike or probably playing basketball.

很幸運(yùn),我出生在 秘魯庫(kù)斯科的烏魯班巴山谷, 那里的人們不會(huì)因?yàn)?看到我騎車(chē)或者玩籃球 而面露驚訝。

【4】When I was seven, I remember being stunned after I watched "Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back," when Luke's hand gets cut off, the same one I didn't have.

我七歲的時(shí)候去看了 《星球大戰(zhàn)V:帝國(guó)反擊戰(zhàn)》, 我記得當(dāng)時(shí) 被盧克手被砍下來(lái)的場(chǎng)景驚呆了, 他失去的手, 和我沒(méi)有的,還是同一只。

【5】But then, being twice as stunned when the medical robots fitted him with a prosthesis that could move and feel.

然而,讓我二次震驚的場(chǎng)景是, 當(dāng)醫(yī)療機(jī)器人給他裝了一個(gè) 可以移動(dòng)和感覺(jué)的義肢。

【6】From then on, no greater purpose lived in my mind, which was to have a prosthesis like Luke Skywalker.

從此以后, 我人生最大的夢(mèng)想變成了 獲得一個(gè) 像盧克·天行者那樣的義肢。

【7】This dream led me to study mechatronics engineering and access the Biomechanics and Applied Robotics Laboratory in Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, where, with a multidisciplinary team,

因?yàn)檫@個(gè)夢(mèng)想, 我在秘魯天主教大學(xué) 選擇了學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)械電子工程, 并接觸了生物力學(xué)和應(yīng)用機(jī)器人實(shí)驗(yàn)室。 在那里,我們與多學(xué)科團(tuán)隊(duì)合作,

【8】we developed a myoelectric prosthesis for a long transradial amputation, being me, the pilot user.

開(kāi)發(fā)了一種 針對(duì)長(zhǎng)期肘下截肢的肌電義肢, 而我,就是試用的小白鼠。

【9】I was able to move each finger individually.

我當(dāng)時(shí)就能單獨(dú)移動(dòng)每個(gè)手指。

【10】And also we developed a way in which we get to pass the sensation from the fingertips into my forearm using haptic feedback system.

我們還開(kāi)發(fā)了一種方法, 使用觸覺(jué)反饋系統(tǒng) 將指尖的感覺(jué)傳遞到我的前臂。

【11】Since this was a research project, we had enough funding to buy stuff from abroad.

因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目, 我們有著足夠的資金 從海外來(lái)采購(gòu)。

【12】So, for example, the motors you get to see here, were all brought [from] Switzerland.

比如說(shuō),你現(xiàn)在看到的這些電機(jī), 都是瑞士來(lái)的。

【13】This is one of the main reasons why it will cost at least 40,000 dollars to make this prosthesis.

這也是制作這個(gè)假肢 至少要花 4 萬(wàn)美元的原因之一。

【14】But 40K is way too much, considering that four out of five people with upper limb amputation live in developing countries.

但 4 萬(wàn)美元也太多了, 尤其考慮到, 每五個(gè)上肢截肢的人里, 就有四個(gè)都住在發(fā)展中國(guó)家。

【15】Even the 25,000 dollars that cost a robotic prosthesis imported from abroad is way too much.

即使是從海外進(jìn)口的義肢, 也要花費(fèi) 2 萬(wàn) 5 千美元, 這還是太貴了。

【16】In Peru, that is equivalent to work full time on a minimum wage for almost seven years, just to buy the prostheses.

在秘魯,這相當(dāng)于 一個(gè)拿著最低工資的人, 要全職工作七年, 才能買(mǎi)得起義肢。

【17】Never mind pay for your food or your house.

還是不吃不喝沒(méi)地方住的情況下。

【18】It is often that people get injured while doing manual labor activities like farming or metal manufacturing.

人們往往是在從事體力活動(dòng)時(shí)受傷, 比如農(nóng)業(yè)或金屬制造業(yè)。

【19】Getting back to work and having access to money demands a functional hand.

重返工作崗位來(lái)獲得資金 又需要一只可以工作的手。

【20】It took me time to realize what a huge privilege I had to study a career that would help fulfill my dreams.

我花了一些時(shí)間才意識(shí)到, 自己是多么幸運(yùn), 能夠?qū)W習(xí)一項(xiàng) 有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)我夢(mèng)想的職業(yè)。

【21】But actually, what was preventing me from developing a solution that was both affordable and functional.

那么, 開(kāi)發(fā)出既實(shí)惠又實(shí)用的 解決方案的難點(diǎn)是什么呢。

【22】The very first step in order to reducing the cost was to reduce the number of motors because they were all imported and therefore expensive.

降低成本的第一步, 是減少電機(jī)的數(shù)量, 因?yàn)樗鼈兌际沁M(jìn)口的, 所以很貴。

【23】So we get to arrange occupational focus groups with our amputee volunteers in order to identify which gestures they will use the most, and of those, how many we could perform using just a single motor.

因此,我們將截肢志愿者們 安排組成了職業(yè)焦點(diǎn)小組, 以確定他們最常使用哪些手勢(shì), 以及這些手勢(shì)中, 我們?nèi)绻挥靡粋€(gè)電機(jī), 可以執(zhí)行多少個(gè)。

【24】The answer was three: pinch, cylindrical and lateral.

答案是三個(gè): 捏, 縱向旋轉(zhuǎn), 和橫向移動(dòng)。

【25】This also helps us to reduce the number of electromyography sensors, too, from an arrangement of eight, we passed just to one.

這也幫助我們減少了 肌電圖傳感器的數(shù)量, 從原本的八個(gè), 我們做到了只用一個(gè)。

【26】In this way, between makes in mechanical and myoelectric prosthesis, the prices will be dramatically low.

這樣,機(jī)械義肢和肌電義肢的模具的價(jià)格 將大大降低。

【27】But material prices matter to.

但材料價(jià)格也很重要。

【28】And that's why we choose to 3D print our prosthesis using mainly plastic from recycled bottles.

這就是為什么我們選擇用 3D 打印義肢, 并主要使用來(lái)自回收瓶的塑料,

【29】Like the prosthesis I am wearing right now.

就像我現(xiàn)在戴的這個(gè)義肢。

【30】(Applause) In order to develop our prosthesis, the process will go like this.

（掌聲） 我們開(kāi)發(fā)假肢的過(guò)程, 是這樣的。

【31】First, we'll use our 3D scan and our own parametrization software in order to take the measures of the amputated area and the other hand of the user.

首先,我們將使用 3D 掃描儀, 和自己開(kāi)發(fā)的參數(shù)設(shè)定軟件, 來(lái)記錄下截肢部分 和用戶(hù)另一只手的參數(shù)。

【32】Then we'll recreate the entire set of fingers, the palm and the prosthesis socket in our computational model to finally 3D print each of those parts.

然后我們將給整組手指、 手掌和假肢窩建模, 然后 3D 打印出這些部分。

【33】So far in LAT Bionics, we have two types of prosthesis.

現(xiàn)在我們公司 LAT Bionics, 我們有兩種義肢。

【34】Maki, which is a mechanical activation and Pisko, with electronic activation.

瑪吉 (Maki),是機(jī)械激活式, 而皮斯科 (Pisko),是電子激活式。

【35】Pisko cost just 10 percent of an imported robotic prosthesis that will come from abroad.

皮斯科的成本僅為 進(jìn)口機(jī)器義肢的 10%。

【36】This means that even more working-class people can access our technology.

這意味著,更多工薪階層的人 可以用到我們的技術(shù)。

【37】For me, this has been a path where I was able to develop this in my company LAT Bionics.

以我個(gè)人經(jīng)歷而言, 正是這條途徑讓我能夠 為我的公司 LAT Bionics 開(kāi)發(fā)義肢。

【38】So, for example, take Franco,

讓我用弗朗科的故事舉個(gè)例子,

【39】[who] now is using his transradial Maki prostheses in order to get back to work with his providers on the jungle farm he has.

他就在使用他的 Maki 肘下義肢 以便回到他的叢林農(nóng)場(chǎng), 和他的供應(yīng)商們一起工作。

【40】I am certain that we are able to be on the side with technology that is brought from abroad to our region being sold in a very expensive way.

我確信我們所擁有的技術(shù) 是和那些昂貴的進(jìn)口技術(shù) 平起平坐的。

【41】We have the capacity to develop our own technology, having the necessities of our people in mind.

我們有能力開(kāi)發(fā)自己的技術(shù), 還能同時(shí)考慮到普通人民的需求。

【42】So then people with disabilities and limited resources could live a life again.

讓殘疾人士和資源有限的人們 也可以正常生活。

【43】For me, when people, our users, get back to work on their places, that look of compassion changed to astonishment.

以我個(gè)人經(jīng)歷而言,當(dāng)我們的用戶(hù), 回到他們工作的地方時(shí), 旁人臉上的同情就變成了驚訝。

【44】The same astonishment which I had when I saw Luke Skywalker prosthesis.

和我當(dāng)初看到盧克·天行者的義肢時(shí) 臉上的驚訝如出一轍。

【45】So this began as a path for myself, but it now belongs to my entire region.

這條我曾經(jīng)走過(guò)的路, 現(xiàn)在成了屬于我家鄉(xiāng)人民的路。

【46】Would you like to join us?

你想要加入我們嗎？

【47】Thank you so much.

謝謝。

【48】(Applause and cheers)