警惕!中草藥吃不對(duì),抗衰不成反折壽,想要健康長(zhǎng)壽,且看這些復(fù)合配方
早在西漢時(shí)期,我國(guó)最早的醫(yī)學(xué)典籍《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》就提出對(duì)抗衰的見(jiàn)解,憑借傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)療法可“盡終其天年,度百歲乃去”[1]。而在四大藥學(xué)專(zhuān)著之一的《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》中,也曾提出服用中藥可“輕身延年”之說(shuō)[2]。
在上個(gè)世紀(jì),中藥湯劑就被證實(shí)可有效提高免疫力和生育能力,具有極高的抗衰潛力[3]。
到了本世紀(jì),隨著黃芪等藥材被發(fā)現(xiàn)可有效抑制細(xì)胞凋亡[4],中草藥抗衰相關(guān)研究更是層出不窮。例如,2021年,老年學(xué)相關(guān)雜志《Experimental Gerontology》經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn),槐花可延長(zhǎng)果蠅壽命82%[5]。
然而,當(dāng)大戟和甘草的復(fù)合配方在服用后引發(fā)了肝、腎臟細(xì)胞的嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷[6],學(xué)界開(kāi)始發(fā)現(xiàn),中藥搭配不對(duì)就會(huì)變毒藥。各種中草藥因富含的成分和藥性各不相同,若是再不了解藥物間的協(xié)同毒性,則很容易吃錯(cuò)搭配組合,最終還會(huì)賠了健康又折壽。
那么,究竟有哪些毒藥組合?又有哪些中草藥配方才能有益于健康長(zhǎng)壽呢?且看下節(jié)分曉。
《神農(nóng)百草經(jīng)》曾有一言“十八反十九畏”,即是指,某些中草藥組合在一起會(huì)抵消藥效甚至產(chǎn)生潛在毒性,從而對(duì)身體造成嚴(yán)重負(fù)面效果[7]。所以在服用中草藥復(fù)合湯劑時(shí)一定要嚴(yán)格注意搭配禁忌。
目前,不良中草藥組合可通過(guò)兩種途徑讓你的身體中毒!
No.1
中草藥組合在制備過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生具有毒性的化學(xué)成分[7]
例如,當(dāng)丹參、苦參、玄參或人參和藜蘆相組合服用時(shí),會(huì)抑制毒物代謝酶P450的表達(dá),增加體內(nèi)神經(jīng)毒素的產(chǎn)生,引發(fā)身體麻木和肌肉緊張等情況,嚴(yán)重者還會(huì)發(fā)生呼吸衰竭從而危害生命[8][9]。
而當(dāng)烏頭屬植物(大部分塊根內(nèi)含有劇毒的烏頭堿)與瓜蔞、白及、半夏和川貝母一起服用時(shí),則會(huì)抑制毒素代謝相關(guān)的CYP2E1等酶的活性,降低機(jī)體對(duì)烏頭堿的代謝效率,增加毒素在體內(nèi)的滯留和作用時(shí)間,提升血漿濃度,引發(fā)心臟不適[10]。
圖:從左至右依次為烏頭、瓜蔞、白及、半夏、川貝母
No.2
特定藥物間的不親和性[7]
甘草作為生活中的常見(jiàn)中藥材,富含大量的甘草素和甘草酸,這些物質(zhì)與腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)高度相似,因此可以發(fā)揮抗炎、抗過(guò)敏和免疫抑制作用[11]。
然而川北醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究表明,當(dāng)甘草與大戟、甘遂和芫花一同服用時(shí),會(huì)激活傳遞信號(hào)分子的PKC通路,誘導(dǎo)參與物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化的CYP3A酶的活性,催化代謝功能,促進(jìn)致癌物質(zhì)和毒性物質(zhì)的產(chǎn)生[12]。
圖:從左至右依次為:甘草、大戟、甘遂、芫花
此外,中草藥成分間還會(huì)發(fā)生相互抑制,導(dǎo)致有益成分減少甚至失活[7]。
通過(guò)當(dāng)代醫(yī)學(xué)手段分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)人參和藜蘆一同蒸煮后,人參中大部分具有修復(fù)損傷、抗炎抗氧化能力的人參皂苷含量均顯著降低[13];而且五靈脂(鼯鼠科動(dòng)物的干燥糞便)也不宜和人參一同服用,不然會(huì)減少人參皂苷的總含量[14]。這些組合都會(huì)大大降低人參的服用功效。
當(dāng)丁香與郁金聯(lián)合服用時(shí),會(huì)發(fā)生抑制作用,從而導(dǎo)致兩種藥材中的揮發(fā)油(可抑菌抗菌)溶出量均顯著減少,使藥效減半[15]。而黑三棱和芒硝間的抑制效果更甚,當(dāng)它們組合到一起時(shí),兩種藥材中的揮發(fā)油活性成分會(huì)顯著溶解直至消失,完全喪失藥效[16]。
可見(jiàn),中草藥的組合服用還是具有諸多禁忌的。為使大家都能放心服用,達(dá)到延年益壽之效用,派派歸納總結(jié)了近年來(lái)的研究和臨床實(shí)驗(yàn),找到多種有益健康和延緩衰老的合理中草藥配方。
No.1
延長(zhǎng)壽命:人參+麥冬+五味子(生脈飲湯劑)
今年8月,蘭州大學(xué)對(duì)線(xiàn)蟲(chóng)進(jìn)行生脈飲湯劑的飼喂測(cè)試,30天后,發(fā)現(xiàn)線(xiàn)蟲(chóng)體內(nèi)的活性氧含量大幅降低,而過(guò)氧化酶活性和ATP的產(chǎn)量得到有效提高,生脈飲不僅調(diào)節(jié)了線(xiàn)粒體穩(wěn)態(tài),還使線(xiàn)蟲(chóng)壽命呈劑量依賴(lài)型增長(zhǎng)[17]。
圖:Con為對(duì)照組壽命,L/M/H顯示為服用各濃度生脈飲后的線(xiàn)蟲(chóng)壽命
No.2
減輕細(xì)胞凋亡和損傷情況:調(diào)更湯、厚樸+蒼術(shù)
去年4月,一區(qū)雜志《J Ethnopharmacol》發(fā)表文章,發(fā)現(xiàn)治療女性更年期綜合征的調(diào)更湯(主要成分:淫羊藿+當(dāng)歸+丹參+生地)給下丘腦神經(jīng)元受損小鼠服用后,小鼠體內(nèi)促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡的ASK1和JNK信號(hào)通路均受到抑制,從而有效減少下丘腦神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞的凋亡率,并提高細(xì)胞活性[18]。
圖:下丘腦神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞凋亡率(第三、四象限顯示為凋亡細(xì)胞具體數(shù)量)
在今年9月,南京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院再度發(fā)現(xiàn),厚樸+蒼術(shù)的中草藥組合可增加長(zhǎng)壽相關(guān)蛋白Sirt1的表達(dá),并降低細(xì)胞凋亡基因p53的表達(dá),刺激腎小球足細(xì)胞中的胰島素信號(hào)傳導(dǎo),從而減輕腎小球足細(xì)胞的功能損傷[19]。
No.3
減輕炎癥:芎藭+白術(shù)+半夏曲+香附+茯苓+神曲+橘紅+甘草(啟宮丸)
9月,廣州醫(yī)科大學(xué)于《J Ethnopharmacol》發(fā)文,通過(guò)對(duì)小鼠飼喂連續(xù)6周的啟宮丸配方補(bǔ)劑,發(fā)現(xiàn)調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞穩(wěn)態(tài)的Nrf2途徑和抑制細(xì)胞凋亡的HO-1途徑均得到顯著促進(jìn),并且炎癥相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)顯著降低,有效減輕體內(nèi)炎癥[20]。
No.4
抑制癌細(xì)胞增殖:鱉甲膠+阿膠+蜂房(炒)+鼠婦蟲(chóng)+土鱉蟲(chóng)(鱉甲煎丸主要配方)
南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)于10月發(fā)表最新研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)鱉甲煎丸配方中含有黃芩苷、齊墩果酸、熊果酸、蘆丁和漢黃芩素五種成分,可使促進(jìn)癌細(xì)胞增殖的生長(zhǎng)因子受體直接失活,抑制肝癌細(xì)胞和癌癥相關(guān)成纖維細(xì)胞之間的信號(hào)傳遞,最終抑制肝癌進(jìn)展[21]。
圖:肝臟組織及染色圖像
時(shí)光派點(diǎn)評(píng)
歷經(jīng)千年時(shí)光的滾滾洪流,從“望聞問(wèn)切”的摸索到國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的生化診斷方式,中草藥促進(jìn)健康長(zhǎng)壽的相關(guān)研究已逐漸走上更加標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的權(quán)威舞臺(tái)。現(xiàn)如今,我們?cè)诜弥胁菟帨珓┲?,仍需?jǐn)記老祖宗所言,“是藥三分毒”。
要是不了解藥材間的相互毒性作用,只是在信息平臺(tái)查詢(xún)到各種中草藥材的各自療效,就隨意組合服用,當(dāng)心抗衰不成反促衰!
目前,雖然中草藥的服用并未在全世界范圍內(nèi)流傳開(kāi)來(lái),并且抗衰機(jī)制還需取得更多更深入的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,但派派依然相信且期待著,“中國(guó)草藥”必將在未來(lái)的抗衰領(lǐng)域成為一項(xiàng)重磅話(huà)題。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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