【文獻(xiàn)速遞】【NBE】【2022年】【7-12月】
聲明：本專欄主要對(duì)生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一些期刊文章標(biāo)題進(jìn)行翻譯，所有內(nèi)容均由本人手工整理翻譯。由于本人專業(yè)為生物分析相關(guān)，其他領(lǐng)域如果出現(xiàn)翻譯錯(cuò)誤請(qǐng)諒解。
This issue highlights an inhalable virus-like-particle vaccine against COVID-19, a method for the rapid cloning of antigen-specific T cell receptors, a protease-sensitive mask for interleukin-12 to lower its toxicity, CAR T cells expressing a bacterial virulence factor, libraries of immune cells displaying a diverse repertoire of chimeric antigen receptors, a barcoded library of CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptors, the encapsulation of antibiotics in glucosylated polymeric nanoparticles for oral delivery, enucleated human mesenchymal stromal cells for drug delivery, tumour vaccines produced in the gut by ingested engineered bacteria, and an engineered biotherapeutic for the prevention of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis.
本期重點(diǎn)介紹了針對(duì)COVID-19的可吸入病毒樣顆粒疫苗、一種快速克隆抗原特異性T細(xì)胞受體的方法、白細(xì)胞介素12的蛋白酶敏感面膜，可降低其毒性、表達(dá)細(xì)菌毒力因子的CAR T細(xì)胞、展示多種嵌合抗原受體庫的免疫細(xì)胞文庫、CD19特異性嵌合抗原受體的條形碼庫、用于口服給藥的糖基化聚合物納米顆粒中抗生素的封裝、用于藥物遞送的去核人間充質(zhì)基質(zhì)細(xì)胞、由攝入的工程細(xì)菌在腸道中產(chǎn)生的腫瘤疫苗，一種用于預(yù)防抗生素引起的生態(tài)失調(diào)的工程生物治療藥物。
1.Rapid cloning of antigen-specific T-cell receptors by leveraging the cis activation of T cells.
通過利用T細(xì)胞的順式激活來快速克隆抗原特異性T細(xì)胞受體。
2.Masking the immunotoxicity of interleukin-12 by fusing it with a domain of its receptor via a tumour-protease-cleavable linker.
通過腫瘤蛋白酶可切割接頭將白介素12與其受體結(jié)構(gòu)融合來掩蓋白介素12的免疫毒性。
3.CAR T cells expressing a bacterial virulence factor trigger potent bystander antitumour responses in solid cancers.
表達(dá)細(xì)菌毒力因子的CAR T細(xì)胞會(huì)引發(fā)有效的旁觀者抗腫瘤反應(yīng)。
4.Synthetic libraries of immune cells displaying a diverse repertoire of chimaeric antigen receptors as a potent cancer immunotherapy.
免疫細(xì)胞的合成庫表現(xiàn)出多種嵌合抗原受體庫，作為一種有效的癌癥免疫療法。
5.Screening for CD19-specific chimaeric antigen receptors with enhanced signalling via a barcoded library of intracellular domains.
通過細(xì)胞內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)域的條形碼圖庫來篩選CD19特異性嵌合抗原受體，并具有增強(qiáng)的信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)。
6.Glucosylated nanoparticles for the oral delivery of antibiotics to the proximal small intestine protect mice from gut dysbiosis.
用于將抗生素口服遞送至近端小腸的糖基化納米顆?？杀Ｗo(hù)小鼠免受腸道菌群失調(diào)。
7.Genetically engineered and enucleated human mesenchymal stromal cells for the targeted delivery of therapeutics to diseased tissue.
基因工程和灌注的人間質(zhì)基質(zhì)細(xì)胞，用于靶向療法向患病組織的靶向遞送。
8.Antigen-bearing outer membrane vesicles as tumour vaccines produced in situ by ingested genetically engineered bacteria.
攜帶抗原的外膜囊泡作為腫瘤疫苗由攝入的基因工程細(xì)菌原位產(chǎn)生。
9.An engineered live biotherapeutic for the prevention of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis.
一種設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)時(shí)生物治療，可預(yù)防抗生素誘導(dǎo)的營養(yǎng)不良。
基于Cas13的唾液中SARS-CoV-2自動(dòng)檢測
This issue highlights point-of-care assays and sequencing technology for the detection of infectious agents and for the study of host responses to infectious diseases.
本期重點(diǎn)介紹了用于檢測傳染原和研究宿主對(duì)傳染病反應(yīng)的即時(shí)檢測和測序技術(shù)。
1.Simplified Cas13-based assays for the fast identification of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
簡化了基于CAS13的測定，用于快速識(shí)別SARS-COV-2及其變體。
2.Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva via Cas13.
通過CAS13快速檢測唾液中SARS-COV-2 RNA。
DISCoVER微流體系統(tǒng)，用于快速和自動(dòng)化的分子診斷。收集患者樣本（例如唾液）并在直接裂解緩沖液中進(jìn)行熱滅活，然后加載到一次性重力驅(qū)動(dòng)微流體盒中。根據(jù)制度規(guī)定，滅活步驟范圍為5至20分鐘。然后將試劑盒插入配套儀器，該儀器在封閉系統(tǒng)中自動(dòng)運(yùn)行DISCoVER測定，以最大限度地減少反應(yīng)污染。在步驟1中，初始rLAMP反應(yīng)采用兩種機(jī)制來擴(kuò)增目標(biāo)核酸。RFU，相對(duì)熒光單位。Cas13 酶使用引導(dǎo)RNA進(jìn)行編程，以在非特異性擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物上特異性識(shí)別所需的RNA分子。隨后在步驟2中激活Cas13核糖核酸酶活性，導(dǎo)致在CRISPR檢測的5分鐘內(nèi)切割報(bào)告分子以獲得飽和信號(hào)。包括設(shè)備的啟動(dòng)時(shí)間在內(nèi)，最終系統(tǒng)中的讀出時(shí)間為 48min。在墨盒的左半部分，靶向SARS-CoV-2的引導(dǎo)RNA能夠快速和選擇性地檢測阿摩爾濃度的病毒。墨盒的鏡像部分用于內(nèi)部過程控制，通過確保存在足夠的患者樣本來實(shí)現(xiàn)陰性測試結(jié)果。通過利用模板切換和CRISPR可編程性，床旁DISCoVER系統(tǒng)有助于加強(qiáng)對(duì)各種病原體的監(jiān)測。
3.A paper-based assay for the colorimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants at single-nucleotide resolution.
一種以單核苷酸分辨率比色檢測 SARS-CoV-2 變體的紙基分析。
使用 MARVE 診斷 SARS-CoV-2 變體。雙鏈DNA探針TEprobe旨在通過調(diào)整其末端正向立足點(diǎn)和反向立足點(diǎn)序列來精確控制由輸入RNA誘導(dǎo)的鏈置換反應(yīng)的凈熱力學(xué)能量。突變和野生病毒RNA可以根據(jù)單堿基對(duì)錯(cuò)配產(chǎn)生的熱力學(xué)能量損失，通過鏈置換反應(yīng)來區(qū)分。病毒RNA的識(shí)別導(dǎo)致脲酶抑制劑金屬離子Ag(I)的釋放，從而控制尿素的裂解和NH4+的水平。使用pH指示劑識(shí)別和可視化SARS-CoV-2變體的關(guān)鍵突變標(biāo)記，例如 Alpha、Beta、Gamma和Delta。診斷結(jié)果由智能手機(jī)確定并呈現(xiàn)給用戶。
4.A lab-on-a-chip for the concurrent electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in saliva and plasma.
用于唾液和血漿中SARS-CoV-2 RNA和抗SARS-CoV-2抗體的同時(shí)電化學(xué)檢測的實(shí)驗(yàn)室芯片。
5.Diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis by optically detecting two virulence factors on extracellular vesicles in blood samples.
通過光學(xué)檢測血液樣本細(xì)胞外囊泡的兩個(gè)毒力因子來診斷小兒結(jié)核病。
6.Unbiased discovery of autoantibodies associated with severe COVID-19 via genome-scale self-assembled DNA-barcoded protein libraries.
通過基因組規(guī)模的自組裝DNA條形碼蛋白文庫公正地發(fā)現(xiàn)與嚴(yán)重COVID-19相關(guān)的自身抗體。
7.Droplet-microfluidics-assisted sequencing of HIV proviruses and their integration sites in cells from people on antiretroviral therapy.
液滴微流體輔助測序HIV前病毒及其在接受抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療的人的細(xì)胞中的整合位點(diǎn)。
This issue highlights optical, optoacoustic, ultrasound and magnetic-resonance imaging technologies applied to the monitoring of oxygen haemodynamics in the placenta, to the longitudinal assessment of amyloid-β deposits in mice, to measuring autophagic flux in the hearts of live mice, to uncovering nanostructures in iteratively expanded ex vivo brain tissue, and to detect inflammation-associated mRNA in live mice.
本期重點(diǎn)介紹應(yīng)用于胎盤氧血流動(dòng)力學(xué)監(jiān)測、用于小鼠淀粉樣蛋白-β沉積物的縱向評(píng)估、用于測量活小鼠心臟中的自噬通量、用于在體外反復(fù)擴(kuò)張的腦組織中發(fā)現(xiàn)納米結(jié)構(gòu)和用于檢測活體小鼠炎癥相關(guān) mRNA的光學(xué)、光聲、超聲和磁共振成像技術(shù)。
1.Non-invasive monitoring of blood oxygenation in human placentas via concurrent diffuse optical spectroscopy and ultrasound imaging.
通過并發(fā)彌漫性光譜和超聲成像對(duì)人胎盤中的血液氧合的無創(chuàng)監(jiān)測。
2.Multiscale optical and optoacoustic imaging of amyloid-β deposits in mice.
小鼠淀粉樣蛋白β沉積物的多尺度光學(xué)和光聲成像。
3.A nanoparticle probe for the imaging of autophagic flux in live mice via magnetic resonance and near-infrared fluorescence.
通過磁共振和近紅外熒光對(duì)活小鼠中自噬通量成像的納米顆粒探針。
4.Revealing nanostructures in brain tissue via protein decrowding by iterative expansion microscopy.
利用迭代擴(kuò)展顯微鏡，通過蛋白質(zhì)去擁擠揭示腦組織中的納米結(jié)構(gòu)。
5.Spatially resolved in vivo imaging of inflammation-associated mRNA via enzymatic fluorescence amplification in a molecular beacon.
通過酶促熒光擴(kuò)增在分子信標(biāo)中與炎癥相關(guān)的mRNA的體內(nèi)成像。
通過酶促熒光擴(kuò)增對(duì)炎癥相關(guān)mRNA進(jìn)行成像。APE1易位介導(dǎo)的信號(hào)放大機(jī)制示意圖，可在體內(nèi)對(duì)炎癥細(xì)胞中的RNA進(jìn)行空間選擇性成像。
This issue highlights an inexpensive catheter-like device for sensing gastrointestinal motility, collagen-binding peptides that home to osteoarthritic tissue, and implantable biomaterials for a number of biomedical applications — in particular, strain-programmed patches for diabetic-wound healing, a soft robotic sleeve for the modelling of aortic stenosis, injectable depots for brachytherapy, adhesive drug depots for tendon healing, and antibiotic-loaded bone-cement matrices for the treatment of bone infections.
本期重點(diǎn)介紹了一種廉價(jià)的類似導(dǎo)管的裝置，用于檢測胃腸動(dòng)力、骨關(guān)節(jié)炎組織的膠原蛋白結(jié)合肽、用于多種生物醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用的可植入生物材料——特別是用于糖尿病傷口愈合的應(yīng)變程序貼片、用于主動(dòng)脈瓣狹窄建模的軟機(jī)器人套筒、用于近距離治療的可注射長效制劑、用于肌腱愈合的粘性藥庫和用于治療骨感染的載有抗生素的骨水泥基質(zhì)。
1.Low-cost gastrointestinal manometry via silicone–liquid-metal pressure transducers resembling a quipu.
通過類似于奇普的硅膠-液態(tài)金屬壓力傳感器進(jìn)行低成本胃腸測壓。
2.Collagen-binding peptides for the enhanced imaging, lubrication and regeneration of osteoarthritic articular cartilage.
膠原結(jié)合肽，用于增強(qiáng)骨關(guān)節(jié)炎軟骨的成像，潤滑和再生。
3.A strain-programmed patch for the healing of diabetic wounds.
用于治愈糖尿病傷口的應(yīng)變程序貼片。
4.A soft robotic sleeve mimicking the haemodynamics and biomechanics of left ventricular pressure overload and aortic stenosis.
一個(gè)軟機(jī)器人套筒，模仿左心室壓力超負(fù)荷和主動(dòng)脈狹窄的血液動(dòng)力學(xué)和生物力學(xué)。
5.Brachytherapy via a depot of biopolymer-bound 131I synergizes with nanoparticle paclitaxel in therapy-resistant pancreatic tumours.
通過生物聚合物結(jié)合的131I庫的近距離放射治療與納米顆粒紫杉醇在治療耐藥的胰腺腫瘤中協(xié)同作用。
6.Enhanced tendon healing by a tough hydrogel with an adhesive side and high drug-loading capacity.
通過具有粘性面和高載藥能力的堅(jiān)韌水凝膠增強(qiáng)肌腱愈合。
7.A potent antibiotic-loaded bone-cement implant against staphylococcal bone infections.
一種有效的載有抗生素的骨水泥植入物，可抵抗葡萄球菌性骨感染。
監(jiān)測汗液中的代謝物和營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)
This issue highlights a low-cost device to screen for hearing loss, microneedle arrays for the wireless monitoring of multiple biomarkers in interstitial fluid, a wearable biosensor for the detection of metabolites and nutrients in sweat, a human intestine-on-a-chip for the recapitulation of essential features of environmental enteric dysfunction, a humanized minipig model for the toxicological testing of therapeutic antibodies, engineered adeno-associated viruses with enhanced transduction of cells of the central nervous system or with size-optimized genomes encoding compact adenine base editors, the generation of potent allogeneic chimaeric antigen receptor T cells devoid of alloreactive potential, and the mapping and activation of pancreatic nerves for the study of how they regulate glucose metabolism.
本期重點(diǎn)介紹了用于篩查聽力損失的低成本設(shè)備、用于無線監(jiān)測間質(zhì)液中多種生物標(biāo)志物的微針陣列、用于檢測汗液中代謝物和營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的可穿戴生物傳感器、用于環(huán)境腸道功能障礙基本特征的概括，用于治療性抗體毒理學(xué)測試的人源化小型豬模型，具有增強(qiáng)中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)或具有編碼緊湊腺嘌呤堿基編輯器的大小優(yōu)化基因組的工程化腺相關(guān)病毒， 產(chǎn)生沒有同種異體反應(yīng)潛能的有效同種異體嵌合抗原受體T細(xì)胞，以及胰腺神經(jīng)的定位和激活，以研究它們?nèi)绾握{(diào)節(jié)葡萄糖代謝。
1.An off-the-shelf otoacoustic-emission probe for hearing screening via a smartphone.
一種現(xiàn)成的耳聲發(fā)射探頭，用于通過智能手機(jī)進(jìn)行聽力篩查。。
2.An integrated wearable microneedle array for the continuous monitoring of multiple biomarkers in interstitial fluid.
一個(gè)集成可穿戴的微對(duì)陣列，用于連續(xù)監(jiān)測間質(zhì)液中多個(gè)生物標(biāo)志物。
3.A wearable electrochemical biosensor for the monitoring of metabolites and nutrients.
可穿戴的電化學(xué)生物傳感器，用于監(jiān)測代謝物和營養(yǎng)素。
4.Nutritional deficiency in an intestine-on-a-chip recapitulates injury hallmarks associated with environmental enteric dysfunction.
腸道芯片中的營養(yǎng)缺乏概括了與環(huán)境腸道功能障礙相關(guān)的損傷特征。
5.A humanized minipig model for the toxicological testing of therapeutic recombinant antibodies.
用于治療重組抗體的毒理學(xué)測試的人性化小型豬模型。
6.Variants of the adeno-associated virus serotype 9 with enhanced penetration of the blood–brain barrier in rodents and primates.
腺相關(guān)病毒血清型9的變體在嚙齒動(dòng)物和靈長類動(dòng)物中具有增強(qiáng)的血腦屏障穿透能力。
7.Efficient in vivo base editing via single adeno-associated viruses with size-optimized genomes encoding compact adenine base editors.
通過與大小優(yōu)化基因組編碼緊湊型腺嘌呤堿基編輯器的單個(gè)腺相關(guān)病毒進(jìn)行有效的體內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)編輯。
8.Generation of T-cell-receptor-negative CD8αβ-positive CAR T cells from T-cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells.
T細(xì)胞衍生誘導(dǎo)的多能干細(xì)胞的T細(xì)胞陰性CD8αβ陽性CAR T細(xì)胞的產(chǎn)生。
9.Mapping and targeted viral activation of pancreatic nerves in mice reveal their roles in the regulation of glucose metabolism.
小鼠胰腺神經(jīng)的映射和靶向病毒激活揭示了它們?cè)谡{(diào)節(jié)葡萄糖代謝中的作用。
This issue highlights the development of machine-learning models for the detection of signs of disease in external photographs of the eyes, for the optimization of the trade-off between prediction performance and feature cost in healthcare applications, for the expert-level detection of pathologies from unannotated chest X-ray images, for transforming the style of tissue images, for the fast search and retrieval of whole-slide images, for the derivation of prognostic contextual histopathological features from whole-slide images of tumours, and for the characterization of tumour microenvironments from spatial protein profiles.
本期重點(diǎn)介紹了用于檢測眼睛外部照片中疾病跡象的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)模型的開發(fā)用于優(yōu)化醫(yī)療應(yīng)用中預(yù)測性能和特征成本之間的權(quán)衡、從未注釋的胸部X光圖像中進(jìn)行專家級(jí)病理檢測、改變組織圖像的風(fēng)格、快速搜索和檢索整張幻燈片圖像、從腫瘤的全幻燈片圖像推導(dǎo)預(yù)后相關(guān)組織病理學(xué)特征和從空間蛋白質(zhì)圖譜表征腫瘤微環(huán)境。
1.Detection of signs of disease in external photographs of the eyes via deep learning.
通過深度學(xué)習(xí)，在眼睛外部照片中發(fā)現(xiàn)疾病跡象。
2.A cost-aware framework for the development of AI models for healthcare applications.
用于開發(fā)用于醫(yī)療保健應(yīng)用的AI模型的成本感知框架。
3.Expert-level detection of pathologies from unannotated chest X-ray images via self-supervised learning.
專家級(jí)別通過自我監(jiān)督學(xué)習(xí)從未注釋的胸部X射線圖像中發(fā)現(xiàn)病理。
4.A deep-learning model for transforming the style of tissue images from cryosectioned to formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded.
一種深入學(xué)習(xí)模型，用于將組織圖像的風(fēng)格從冷凍切片變成福爾馬林固定和石蠟包裹的模型。
5.Fast and scalable search of whole-slide images via self-supervised deep learning.
通過自監(jiān)督深度學(xué)習(xí)快速且可擴(kuò)展地搜索整張幻燈片圖像。
6.Graph deep learning for the characterization of tumour microenvironments from spatial protein profiles in tissue specimens.
從組織標(biāo)本中的空間蛋白質(zhì)圖譜表征腫瘤微環(huán)境的圖形深度學(xué)習(xí)。
