The accusative ending: -n

賓格詞尾-n

Take a look at this English sentence: "The woman kisses the little boy." How do you know who is kissing, and who is being kissed? In English, you know by the word order. The woman comes before the verb, so she is doing the kissing (or to use the grammatical term, she is the subject of the sentence). The little boy comes after the verb, so he's the one being kissed (and he is the grammatical object of the sentence).

來看看這個英語句子"The woman kisses the little boy."（那個婦女在親吻那個小男孩）。你如何判斷親吻者以及被親吻者呢？在英語中，你通過單詞順序來判斷。婦女在動詞的前面，所以她是親吻者（或者使用語法術(shù)語，她屬于句子里的主語）小男孩跟在動詞的后面，所以他是被親吻者（在語法中，小男孩屬于句子里的賓語）

In Esperanto, you can tell who is the subject and who is the object of the sentence by the endings. The subject of the sentence, i.e. the one who is doing the kissing, ends in -o . The object of the sentence, the one who is being kissed, has -n added after the -o . This means that you can always tell who or what is the subject, and who or what is the object, even if the sentence is switched around:

在世界語中，你可以通過詞尾來判斷誰是主語，誰是賓語。句子的主語，就像親吻者，是以"-o"結(jié)尾的。句子中的賓語，也就是被親吻的小男孩，在-o的后面加上了-n。這意味著，你能夠一眼看出哪個是主語哪個是賓語。即使句子的順序如下文所示：

La virino kisas la malgrandan knabon. 
The woman kisses the little boy. 

La malgrandan knabon kisas la virino. 
The woman kisses the little boy. 

(Look for the -n ! This still means "The woman kisses the little boy", even though the word order has been changed.)

找一下那個-n，不管單詞的順序怎么擺，這個句子的意思仍然是"The woman kisses the little boy（那個婦女親吻那個小男孩）"

Note that the adjective (in this case malgranda) also takes the -n ending, the same as the noun it refers to: malgrandan knabon .

要注意，形容詞（例子里是malgranda）同樣要在結(jié)尾處加上“-n”，和名詞一樣：malgrandan knabon

These sentences mean the same thing, and are all equally correct. They all mean: "The woman kisses the small boy.":

下面的句子意思都是“The woman kisses the small boy. ” （那個婦女在親吻那個小男孩），而且都是正確的：

La virino kisas la malgrandan knabon. 
La malgrandan knabon kisas la virino. 
Kisas la virino la malgrandan knabon. 
Kisas la malgrandan knabon la virino. 
La virino la malgrandan knabon kisas. 
La malgrandan knabon la virino kisas. 

The -n ending in Esperanto is called the accusative. Be aware that the accusative ending -n is never used with the verb estas: Li estas knabo. (He is a boy.)

-n結(jié)尾的，在世界語里叫做賓格。要注意，以“-n”結(jié)尾的賓語是不會和estas一起使用的，例如：Li estas knabo.（他是個男孩）

Accusative and Plural

賓格與復(fù)數(shù)

If a word already ends in -j, the -n is added after it.

如果單詞已經(jīng)有了詞尾“-j”，那“-n”要加在“-j”的后面

Mi man?as bonajn kukojn. 
I am eating good cakes.

我吃好的蛋糕

Mi vidas la belajn virinojn. 
I see the beautiful women.

我看到美麗的女人

Pronouns

代詞

Pronouns also get the -n ending. Note how regularly Esperanto pronouns change as compared to their English counterparts:

代詞（當(dāng)賓語時）同樣要加“-n”。注意世界語代詞的變化規(guī)則以及它和英語之間的對比：

Why many expressions end in -n

為什么有不少表達(dá)是以“-n”結(jié)尾的？

When you use an expression like “Thanks” in English, you are actually shortening a full statement. As you have just learned, -n indicates the object of the sentence as you can see in the examples below:

當(dāng)你用英語說類似“Thanks ”（感謝）的表達(dá)時，你實際上是將一個完整的表達(dá)給縮減了。正如你剛學(xué)過的，在下面的例子中，“-n”指代的是句子里的賓語。

Dankon = Mi donas al vi dankon.

我向你表達(dá)謝意

Thanks = I give you thanks. ("thanks" is the object of the sentence).

Thanks=我給你謝意 （“thanks”是句子里的賓語）

Saluton! = Mi donas al vi saluton.

saluton!=我向你表示問候

Hi!/Hello!/Greetings! = I give you greetings. ("greetings" is the object)

我向你打招呼（“greetings”是賓語）

Feli?an novan jaron! = Mi deziras al vi feli?an novan jaron!Happy new year! = I wish you a happy new year! ("happy new year" is the object)

我祝福你新年快樂！/新年快樂！/我祝愿你新年快樂！

Prepositions

介詞

The noun following a preposition normally takes a simple -o ending (-oj in the plural). Other endings will be explained later. For example:

名詞跟在介詞的后面時，通常用“-o”（“-oj”為復(fù)數(shù)）詞尾。使用其他的詞尾會在后面解釋：

La virino estas en la kafejo. 
The woman is in the café.

那個女人在咖啡廳

Ni iras al la parko.
We go to the park.

我們?nèi)ス珗@

原文：http://www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Accusative/tips-and-notes

翻譯：vanilo

2018/7/25        22:20