原文標(biāo)題：
Turkey
Fake news and censorship
A harsh new “disinformation” law
土耳其
假新聞和審查
嚴(yán)厲的新“虛假信息”法

The government says it is necessary to fight the spread of fake news on social media
政府稱有必要打擊社交媒體上假新聞的傳播

[Paragraph 1]
TURKISH JOURNALISTS are used to working under political pressure. Now, the rest of the country is feeling it too.

土耳其記者已習(xí)慣了在政治高壓下工作?，F(xiàn)在，全國其他行業(yè)也感受到了壓力。

A new media law passed last month criminalises the sharing of “fake news”, with punishments of up to three years in prison, and 18 months more if the news has been shared anonymously.
上個月通過的一項(xiàng)《新聞法》將傳播“假新聞”定為犯罪，最高可判處三年監(jiān)禁，如果匿名傳播新聞，外加18個月監(jiān)禁。

[Paragraph 2]
The government says that the law is necessary to fight the spread of disinformation on social-media platforms.
政府稱，這項(xiàng)法律對于打擊社交媒體平臺上虛假信息的傳播是必要的。

Other countries, including Germany and America, are also considering legislation to hold the platforms to account.
其他國家（如德國和美國）也在考慮立法追究平臺的責(zé)任。

But opponents say that Turkey’s law is aimed solely at chilling criticism of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s regime, seven months ahead of elections that will be the toughest he has faced in his two decades in power.
但反對者認(rèn)為，土耳其這部法律在大選前7個月頒布，這僅僅是為了減少人們對總統(tǒng)雷杰普·塔伊普·埃爾多安執(zhí)政的負(fù)面批評，而這次選舉將是他執(zhí)政20年來面臨的最艱難的一次。

[Paragraph 3]
“It is upside-down,” said Taylan Yildiz, a former Silicon Valley tech worker and member of the opposition Iyi party. “The whole world is speaking about regulating social-media companies. But in Turkey the law targets individuals.”
前硅谷科技工作者、反對黨好黨成員泰蘭·伊爾迪茲說：“這完全顛倒次序了，全世界都在談?wù)撊绾伪O(jiān)管社交媒體公司，但土耳其的法律監(jiān)管的卻是個人?！?br>
[Paragraph 4]
Turkey is already one of the world’s biggest jailers of journalists and dissidents.
土耳其已是世界上關(guān)押記者和異見人士最多的國家之一。

Those imprisoned are usually accused of falling foul of broad anti-terror laws, or of insulting the president.
被關(guān)押者通常被指控違反廣義的《反恐法》，或侮辱總統(tǒng)罪。

Once-independent newspapers and television channels have been forcibly closed or sold to pro-Erdogan businessmen.
曾經(jīng)的無黨派報紙和電視頻道已被強(qiáng)制關(guān)閉，或出售給了總統(tǒng)黨的商人。

[Paragraph 5]
In recent years many ousted journalists have regrouped on social-media sites, podcasts and YouTube channels, where they find a wide audience: nine in ten Turks use at least one social-media platform.
近年來，許多被免職的記者們在社交媒體網(wǎng)站、播客和油管頻道上重新集結(jié)，他們在那里找到了大批讀者：十分之九的土耳其人至少使用一個社交媒體平臺。

In 2020 the government passed a law requiring the biggest sites to appoint representatives in Turkey, who would be answerable in legal cases and to regulators’ requests to remove content.
2020年，政府通過了一項(xiàng)法律，要求大型平臺任命土耳其代理商，他們將在法律案件中承擔(dān)責(zé)任，并根據(jù)監(jiān)管者的要求刪除內(nèi)容。

Many platforms, including YouTube, Facebook and TikTok, have complied with this.
許多平臺都遵守了這一規(guī)定，例如：油管、臉書和TikTok。

[Paragraph 6]
The new law extends the onus on the platforms to hand over information on users and broadens penalties for non-compliance, including throttling the bandwidth of sites.
新法律增加了平臺展示給用戶信息的責(zé)任，并加大了對違規(guī)行為的處罰，包括限制網(wǎng)站帶寬。

That means that social-media access could be severely limited by election day, although previous blocks on Wikipedia and Twitter meant little for tech-savvy Turks, who simply switched on their V.Ns.
這意味著到選舉日，社交媒體的訪問可能會受到嚴(yán)重限制，盡管此前維基百科和Twitter上的限制對精通技術(shù)的土耳其人來說意義不大，他們只要打開了自己的V～N就可以了。

[Paragraph 7]
It is not only journalists who are worried about the new law.
擔(dān)心新法律的不只有記者。

Independent economists and pollsters are concerned that they will be liable to prosecution when their findings contradict official data on inflation and public opinion.
獨(dú)立經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和民調(diào)專家擔(dān)心，如果他們的研究結(jié)果與官方通貨膨脹和民意數(shù)據(jù)相矛盾，他們可能會受到法律起訴。

Private citizens are in the firing-line too—merely sharing or liking someone else’s post can now lead to prosecution.
普通公民也易受影響，如今僅僅是分享了或贊了別人的帖子，就可能被起訴。

An army of bureaucrats in the presidency’s communications office combs through social media for critical content.
總統(tǒng)通訊辦公室有一群官僚們在社交媒體上仔細(xì)搜索關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容。

[Paragraph 8]
The irony, Turkish press unions say, is that the biggest producers of fake news are the pro-government outlets, which parrot official statements and run smear campaigns against opponents. One of the largest media groups is owned by relatives of the president.
土耳其新聞工會稱具有諷刺意味的是：假新聞的最大生產(chǎn)者是親政府的媒體，他們模仿官方聲明，對反對者進(jìn)行誹謗。其中一個最大的媒體集團(tuán)負(fù)責(zé)人是總統(tǒng)的親屬。

[Paragraph 9]
“When the disinformation is coming from politicians, will they be prosecuted as journalists and citizens are? We know that the answer is ‘no’,” said Gokhan Durmus, the president of the Turkish Journalists’ Union. “The government calls it the disinformation law, but from the start we have been saying it is a censorship law.”
土耳其記者聯(lián)盟主席戈汗·杜爾姆斯說：“當(dāng)虛假信息來自政客時，他們會像記者和公民一樣被起訴嗎？我們知道答案是否定的，政府稱之為《虛假信息法》，但我們認(rèn)為這更像是一部《審查法》?！?br>
（恭喜讀完，本篇英語詞匯量532左右）
原文出自：2022年11月5日《TE》Europe版塊。

精讀筆記來源于：自由英語之路

本文翻譯整理: Irene

本文編輯校對: Irene
僅供個人英語學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補(bǔ)充資料】（來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
10月13日，土耳其議會通過了一項(xiàng)新聞法法案的第29條。第29條規(guī)定：“散布有違國家內(nèi)外安全的虛假或誤導(dǎo)性信息，并可能危害公眾健康、擾亂公共秩序、在民眾中引起恐懼或驚慌的，可判處1至3年的監(jiān)禁。”此外，如果使用匿名賬戶傳播虛假信息，刑期最多可增加一半。該法案由土耳其總統(tǒng)埃爾多安（RecepTayyip Erdogan）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)執(zhí)政的正義與發(fā)展黨（AKP）和民族行動黨（MHP）提出，旨在對散布虛假信息者進(jìn)行定罪，除報紙、廣播、電視外，法案同樣適用于社交媒體和網(wǎng)站。但由于法案的指向性非常廣泛，引來了眾多新聞組織的譴責(zé)反對。

【重點(diǎn)句子】（3 個）
The government says that the law is necessary to fight the spread of disinformation on social-media platforms.
政府稱，這項(xiàng)法律對于打擊社交媒體平臺上虛假信息的傳播是必要的。

Turkey is already one of the world’s biggest jailers of journalists and dissidents.
土耳其已是世界上關(guān)押記者和異見人士最多的國家之一。

Private citizens are in the firing-line too—merely sharing or liking someone else’s post can now lead to prosecution.
普通公民也易受影響，如今僅僅是分享了或贊了別人的帖子，就可能被起訴。