難點分析

形容詞和副詞的比較等級是英語高考語法填空的?？键c，命題形式一般是用所給詞的正確形式填空；若是需要填more, most或fewer, less, least時，可能也會不給出原級。在語法填空中，比較等級的命題形式常以隱性比較等級的形式出現(xiàn)。系動詞后接形容詞作表語和一些常用副詞(seldom, even, enough, never, hardly)也是高考的熱點之一。

一、形容詞和副詞在句中的作用

1. 形容詞在句中通常作定語、表語和補語。如：

English is a useful language. 英語是一門有用的語言。(作定語)

English is useful.英語很有用。(作表語)

I find English useful.我覺得英語很有用。(作補語)

2. 副詞在句中作做狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、另一副詞、介詞短語，或者整個句子。如：

He walked quickly in order to get there on time. 他為了按時到達那里，走得很快。(修飾動詞walked)

He walked very quickly. 他走得很快。

Obviously, I believe we can win it. 顯然，我相信我能夠贏得勝利。

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二、形容詞和副詞的比較等級

1. 形容詞副詞的規(guī)則變化。

　(1) 一般在詞尾直接加er或est。如：long—longer—longest。

　(2) 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的，在詞尾直接加r或st。如：nice—nicer—nicest。

　(3) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，把y變?yōu)閕，再加er或est。如：heavy—heavier—heaviest。

　(4) 以“一個元音字母+一個輔音字母”結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)，雙寫末尾這個輔音字母，再加er或est。如：big—bigger—biggest。

(5) 部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級前加more構(gòu)成比較級，加most構(gòu)成最高級。如：slowly—more slowly—most slowly；beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful。

2. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級的常用句型。

(1) 表示相等：as + 原級+as

(2) 表示不如：not as/ so +原級+as

(3) 表示超出：比較級+than

(4) 表示“最”：the+最高級+ of/in短語（表示比較的范圍）

注意：除了 “the+最高級”外，最高級還有其他的表達方式。如：否定詞never等與比較級連用；比較級+than any other+名詞單數(shù)；比較級+than any of the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)；比較級+than anyone else等。如：

How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.她唱得多好聽呀！我從沒聽過比這更好的聲音。

(5) 表示“越……越……”：the+比較級，the+比較級

(6) 表示“越來越”：比較級+and+比較級

(7) 表示“與其……不如……”：more…than…

(8) the+比較級 特指兩個人或者連個食物中較為突出的一個。

If the manager had to choose one of the two, he would say Tim was the better choice.如果說經(jīng)理一定得從這兩個人中選擇一個，他會說Tim是更好的選擇。

(9) 倍數(shù)的表達法：

① A + be +倍數(shù) as +計量形容詞原級+as B

This house is three times as wide as that one. 這個房子是那個房子的三倍寬。

② A +be+倍數(shù)+計量形容詞比較級+than B

The car is exactly five times more expensive than that one.這輛車比那本恰好貴5倍。

③ A +be+倍數(shù)+the+計量名詞+of B

The new library is four times the size of the previous one.新的圖書館是以前的四倍大。

④The+計量名詞+of A +be+倍數(shù)+that of B

The size of the new square is four times that of the previous one.新廣場為以前的四倍大。

三、形容詞、副詞原級及比較級和最高級的常用句型

名稱

句型

例句

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?

?

相等

as+原級+as

The ? train travels as fast as ? the 3:55 train. 這列車和3:55的列車開得一樣快。

as+原級+a/an+名詞單數(shù)+as

He is as honest a man as you. 他和你一樣是個誠實的人。

as ? many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ as；

as ? much+不可數(shù)名詞+ as

I have as many books as you. 我和你一樣有許多書。

倍數(shù)+as+原級+as+名詞

My room ? is twice as big as my brother’s. ? 我的房間是我兄弟的兩倍大。

不及

not as+原級+as

She is not as beautiful as her ? sister. 她不如她妹妹漂亮。

?

超越

比較級+than

Health ? is more important than ? wealth. 健康比金錢重要。

the+比較級+of the two? ?

兩者中較……的一個

He is the taller of the two. 他是兩者中較高的一個。

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否定

no+比較級+than? ?

和……一樣不

He is no richer than I. 他和我一樣不富有。

not+比較級? 再……不過(可譯為“非常、十分”)

His ? work couldn’t be worse. 他的工作糟得不能再糟了。

程度遞增

-er and ? -er, more and more + 多音節(jié)詞? 越來越……

higher and higher 越來越高

more and more important 越來越重要

兩種情況同時變化

the +比較級, the +比較級? 越……，越……

The quicker you get ready, the sooner we’ll be able to ? leave. 你越快準備好，我們就能越早離開。

三者或三者以上比較

the + 最高級+of/in+比較范圍? ……之中最……

They ? have got some of the most beautiful ? things in the world. 他們這兒擁有一些世界上最美的東西。

注意：no more (...) than與not more (...) than 的用法

在英語里面有很多短語都有其約定俗成的用法和意思，不能按其字面意思去理解，象這樣的短語有很多，這里先把大家覺得比較頭疼的no more (...) than與not more (...) than的用法解釋清楚，希望對大家有所幫助：

1. 不用于比較，后接數(shù)詞時，no more than意為“僅僅、只不過、只有”(=only)，而not more than意為“至多、不超過”(=at the most)。如：

There are no more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 籃子里只有15個雞蛋。(暗指15個雞蛋太少)

There are not more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 籃子里至多有15個雞蛋。(暗指可能少于15個)

2. 用于兩者的比較時，“no+形容詞或副詞比較級+than”是對兩者的否定，相當于neither...nor...。如：

This story is no more interesting than that one. (=Neither this story nor that one is interesting.) 這個故事和那個故事一樣沒趣。

“not+形容詞或副詞比較級+than”是普通的比較級結(jié)構(gòu)，表示前者不如后者，相當于not as/so...as...。如：

This story is not more interesting than that one. (=This story is not as/so interesting as that one.) 這個故事不如那個故事有趣。

四、比較結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語

1

用于原級之前

almost, ? nearly, just, quite, half, twice, three times等

The ? river is three times as long as that one.

這條河是那條河是三倍長。

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2

?

?

用于比較級前

many, a ? few (用于“more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”前) ?

It ? takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane. 坐火車去那里比坐飛機要花多好多個小時。

a lot, ? much, even, still, far, a great deal, rather, two years, 5%, twice等

My ? desk-mate is even fatter than me. 我同桌甚至比我還胖。

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3

用于最高級前

the ? very, much the, by far, nearly, by no means, almost, not really, the ? first/second等

This ? cake is by far the largest in the world.

這個蛋糕是迄今為止世界上最大的。

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五、兩種形式的副詞：一個與形容詞同形，一個以-ly結(jié)尾

1

hard

hardly

hard 刻苦地；努力地；猛烈地；費力地

He ? studies very hard. 他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。

hardly 幾乎不；簡直不

We ? hardly had time to eat breakfast. 我們幾乎沒時間吃早飯。

2

high

highly

high 高高地；地位高；聲音高

The ? plane flies high. 飛機飛得很高。

highly 高度地；非常(常和praise, ? speak等動詞連用)

They ? spoke very highly of him. 他們稱贊他。

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3

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deep

deeply

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deep

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修飾具體動作時，往往兩個詞可互換，但多用deep

They ? had to dig very deep/deeply in order to find water. 他們必須挖得很深，才能發(fā)現(xiàn)水。

表示靜止狀態(tài)時只用deep(此時多于介詞、副詞連用)

The ? meeting continued deep into the night. 會議持續(xù)到了深夜。

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deeply

修飾形容詞或過去分詞只能用deeply

I am ? deeply grateful to you. 我非常感謝你。

deeply可與hate, dislike, regret, admire, love, value等動詞連用，但不能與動詞like連用

I ? deeply regret his death. 我對他的去世深感遺憾。

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4

?

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late

lately

late 遲；晚

The bus ? arrived 5 minutes late. 公共汽車遲到了五分鐘。

lately 最近；不久前(同recently)

What ? have you been doing lately? 最近你在做什么？

as late ? as與as lately as都有“近至、直到”之意，用法相同

I saw ? him at late/lately as yesterday. 直到昨天我才看見他。

5

near

nearly

near 近；臨近；在附近

The ? train came nearer and nearer. 火車越來越近了。

nearly 幾乎；差不多；將近

It is ? nearly then o’clock. 差不多十點鐘了。

6

?

close

closely

close 靠近；挨近；接近

Come ? close so that I can see you. 走近點以便我能看清你。

closely ? 緊密地；緊緊地；秘密地；仔細地；嚴密地

We ? followed closely after him. 我們緊緊地跟在他后面。

六、以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞

1

?

表示時間的形容詞

hourly 每小時的，daily 每天的，nightly 每晚的，weekly 每周的，monthly 每月的，quarterly 每季度的，yearly 每年的，early 早的，timely ? 及時的；適時的

This ? theatre will give a nightly performance. 這個劇院將上演一臺晚會。

2

?

表示人的形容詞

manly 男子氣的，womanly 女人氣的，wifely 妻子似的，fatherly 父親般的，childly 孩子般的，comradely 同志式的

What ? are wifely duties? 什么是做妻子的責(zé)任？

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3

表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容詞

lovely 可愛的，friendly 友好的，ugly 難看的， lively 活潑的，lonely 孤獨的，unfriendly 不友好的，kindly 和藹的，sickly 病弱的，poorly 貧窮的，elderly 年長的，homely 樸實的、不漂亮的

Children ? are usually lively. 孩子們常常是精力充沛的/活潑的。

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4

表示事物特征、環(huán)境、情況、狀態(tài)的形容詞

likely 可能的，orderly 整齊的，costly 花費大的，deadly 致命的，mannerly 有禮貌的，chilly 冷的，disorderly 亂七八糟的，unlikely 不可能的

Please ? leave our classroom in an orderly way. 讓我們的教室整整齊齊的。

注意：elder與older，這兩個詞都是形容詞old的比較級形式，區(qū)別在于：

(1) elder指“年長的”，常修飾人，用來表示出生順序的前后和年齡的長幼，常作定語，不可用于than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。(2) older指“年紀較大的、較老的、較舊的”，修飾人或物都行。既可作定語，也可作表語，可用于than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。如：My elder brother is two years older than me. 我的哥哥比我年長兩歲。

七、senior, junior, superior, inferior等詞與to連用

?

?

1

能與to連用，但不能與than連用

superior ? 優(yōu)秀的、高級的(反義詞inferior)

This ? restaurant is superior to ? the one we went to last week. 這家飯館比我們上周去的那家好。

senior 年長的、地位高的、資格老的(反義詞junior)

She is senior to everyone else in ? the company. 她在公司里比其他人資格都要老。

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2

既不能與than連用，又不能與to連用的

major 主要的，minor 次要的，表示不太重要或較次要。

The ? young actress was given a minor ? part in the new play. 這年輕的女演員在這部新戲里被分配擔(dān)任一個小角色。

What is ? the major industry of our ? nation? 我們國家的主要工業(yè)是什么？

八、某些以a-開頭的表語形容詞

以a-開頭的只能作表語的形容詞有afraid, alone, asleep, alive, alike, aware, awake, ashamed等。

1. 這類形容詞一般都不能用very修飾，但可用much或very much等修飾。如：

不能說：I am very alone.

只可以說：I am much/very much alone.

2. 另外，若它們本身帶有修飾語，則也可用于名詞前作定語。如：

the fast asleep children 熟睡的孩子

a really alive student 真正活躍的學(xué)生

九、多個形容詞修飾一個名詞的排列順序

限定詞(冠詞/代詞)→數(shù)詞→描繪形容詞→大小→形狀→新舊→年齡→顏色→國籍→材料+名詞。如：

a small round wooden table 一張小圓木桌

an old Chinese stone bridge 一座中式老石橋

the man’s first two famous small red French oil paintings 這個人的頭兩幅著名的紅色法國小油畫

注意：enough修飾形容詞時，放在被修飾詞之后。

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十、有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評注性狀語

常見的此類副詞有actually, anyway, interestingly, strangely, eventually, fortunately, luckily, obviously等。如：

Obviously, your answer is totally wrong. 很明顯，你的答案全錯了。

Interestingly, he was only eleven when he composed the sonata. 有趣的是，他寫那一首奏鳴曲時年僅十一歲。

考點練透

一、單句填空 用適當?shù)男稳菰~、副詞或用所給詞的適當形式填空。

1. The number of the trees that the villagers planted last year reached as ________ as 6,000,000.

2. There was so ________ smoke that they couldn’t see across the hallway.

3. My little brother is not old ________ to go to school.

4. In that case, there is nothing you can do ________ than wait.

5. I must be getting fat — I can ________ do my trousers up.

6. They are ________ little insects that we can not easily see them with our eyes.

7. There was ________ little food left then that we had to turn to the local people for help.

8. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ________ she was getting.

9. I haven’t seen the movie and my brother haven’t ________.

10. He is always telling lies, so I will ________ believe him.

11. John is very lazy. He falls ________ behind in his studies.

12. Two passengers fell into the sea. ________, neither of them could swim.

13. We talked ________ into the night and I was ________ moved by his words. (deep)

14. I found his talk very ________ and I was really ________ in it. (interest)

15. Who is the greatest poet ________ (live)?

16. The more words you know, the ________ (easy) you can read.

17. David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels ________ (little) desire to go to bed.

18. We have a ________ (month) rainfall of four inches in winter here.

19. He is by far the ________ (good) student in his class.

20. I have two brothers and both of them are ________ than me. My ________ brothers are friendly to me. (old)

21. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled __________ (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.

22. I left it early because I had an appointment __________ (late) that day.

23. He must be __________ (mental) disabled.

24. Mary felt __________ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.

25. It might have made it a little __________ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.

26. “That would be a very__________ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.

27. “But such a small thing couldn’t__________ (possible) destroy a village.”

28. We drank together and talked______ (merry) till far into the night.

29. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”______ (high).

30. “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _______ (sweet).”

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二、語篇填空 用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空。

Once, there lived two brothers in a lonely village. The ____1____ (old) brother was much ____2____ (wise) than the younger. One day, there was a big hill on the road, which was as ____3____ (heavy) as 10 tons, blocking their way. How could they move it to the side of the road since there were no modern machines at that time? The elder brother chose to give in because it was too ____4____ (easy) for him and found another way which were about 20 kilometers way. The other insisted that it would be ____5____ (possible) solved if he removed it. The older one laughed at him, saying that he was ____6____ (stupid) than persistent. ____7____ (final), his move moved others, who helped him solve the problem together. This story reminds us that as long as we are ____8____ (hope) and keep on doing it, hope will not give us up.

三、語法填空 閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入一個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

China, one of the earliest cradles of civilization with a long history, is on the rise on the international stage. Accordingly, ??1? ?the tradition influenced by Confucianism (儒家思想), the Chinese people are generally friendly and ??2? ?(unite). They love peace and are inclined to get along well with each other in harmony. At emergency, some people would sacrifice their own interests, or rather, give those ??3? ?need help a warm hand at the expense of their own life.

Chinese people sometimes are modest and cope with ??4? ?(problem) in an indirect manner. Occasionally, Chinese individuals say “yes” not because they see eye to eye with others ??5? ?out of polite, which often make foreigners puzzled and in a dilemma, since ??6? ?cannot make an accurate judgment. Frequently, they settle a matter in a devious (委婉的) way ??7? ?(avoid) a hot debate.

In conclusion, different country has different characteristics due to their respective histories, cultures, geographies and so on and personality is just a small portion (部分). Each nation, ??8? ?it is big or small, strong or weak, should ??9? ?(respect) and with the diversity of civilization, the world will become ??10? ?(colorful).

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參考答案

考點練透

一、單句填空

1. many? 2. much? 3. enough? 4. other? 5. hardly? 6. such? 7. so? 8. heavier? 9. either? 10. never? 11. far? 12. Unluckily/Unfortunately? 13. deep; deeply? 14. interesting; interested? 15. alive? 16. the more easily? 17. the least? 18. monthly? 19. best? 20. older; elder ?21. warmly ?22. later ?23. mentally ?24. pleased ?25. harder ?26. reasonable ?27. possibly ?28. merrily? 29. higher? 30. sweeter

二、語篇填空

1. elder 與younger相對，指“哥哥”。

2. wiser 由后面的than可知，要比較級。

3. heavy 這里用作表語，依然用形容詞，又由as…as之間要用原級可知，填原級。

4. uneasy 作表語，依然用形容詞；由后面的“找另一條道路走”可知，應(yīng)填表示“不容易”的uneasy。

5. possibly 修飾謂語動詞，作狀語，用副詞形式。

6. more stupid 因than可知，要用比較級；由句意可知，是表示“與其……不如……”的more…than…句型，意為“與其說他堅持，不如說他愚笨”。

7. Finally 放在句子的開頭，作狀語，修飾整個句子，用副詞。

8. hopeful 作表語用副詞，用其形容詞形式。

三、語法填空

本文作者主要介紹中國人民的個性和特點，并認為任何國家的特點和個性都應(yīng)該受到尊重。

1. with? 表“帶著/有/由于/在……的幫助下”等常用介詞with。此處with意為“由于”。

2. united? 作表語用形容詞與friendly并列。united在此意為“團結(jié)的”。

3. who? 根據(jù)句意和上下邏輯可知，此處是個定語從句，先行詞是those指人，故填who，who在從句中作主語。

4. problems? 因problem是可數(shù)名詞，且空前無限定詞，根據(jù)句意可知要填復(fù)數(shù)。

5. but? 根據(jù)前面的not because可知，此處是not…but…結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“不是……而是……”。but在此作連詞。

6. they? 缺少主語填代詞，they在此指代前面的foreigners。

7. to avoid? 分析句子成分可知，動詞avoid作非謂語。不定式to avoid在此作目的狀語。

8. whether? 根據(jù)空后big or small, strong or weak可知，此處應(yīng)填一個意為“無論，不管”的連詞，只有whether合適。習(xí)慣搭配whether…or…意為“無論……或……”。

9. be respected? 分析句子成分可知動詞respect在此作謂語，故只考慮時態(tài)和語態(tài)。時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，語態(tài)需要用被動，故填be respected。

10. more colorful? 此處存在一個隱性比較級。句意：正因為有不同種類的文明存在，這個世界才變得更加豐富多彩。

助讀詞匯

cradle n. 搖籃?????????????????? accordingly adv. 因此

respective adj. 各自的??????????? interests n. 利益

occasionally adv. 偶爾??????????? be inclined to 傾向于

in harmony 和睦融洽地?????????? at the expense of 以……為代價

cope with 處理????????????????? see eye to eye with 與……意見相同

out of polite 出于禮貌??????????? in a dilemma 處于進退兩難的境地

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