現(xiàn)代西方的中國學(xué)研究大致經(jīng)歷了兩個代際的變化。第一代是歷史主義流派，第二代是意識形態(tài)流派。當(dāng)代西方對中國的認(rèn)知，不論是學(xué)術(shù)界或大眾媒體，都深受這兩大代際流派的影響。

The western studies on modern China?mainly went through two phases, marked by the school of historicism and the school of ideology, respectively, both of which deeply influences the?western's contemporary perception of China among the academies and the social media.

現(xiàn)代中國學(xué)研究的第一代，可以追溯到 20 世紀(jì)初。他們用歷史主義的語境研究中國，研究方法深受傳統(tǒng)文化影響，研究領(lǐng)域涵蓋了中國的政治、歷史、社會狀況和中國歷史上重要的領(lǐng)袖人物。

The first phase of the studies could date back to the begginning of the 20th century. Within a historical context, the research was profounded affected by the traditional culture, covering a span of Chinese politics, history, social conditions, and prominent leaders appeared in China's?history.

中國學(xué)的第二代，始于 1989 年，在后冷戰(zhàn)時代的意識形態(tài)狂熱中誕生。這一時期的研究，陷入自由民主或?qū)Ｖ篇毑玫囊庾R形態(tài)兩元對立。在研究取向上，強(qiáng)調(diào)政治立場先行和意識形態(tài)掛帥，目的只有一個，即證明中國的政治制度必然崩潰?？上В@一代流派的研究一再被中國成功發(fā)展的事實證偽，備受質(zhì)疑。

The second phase of the studies took off in 1989 amidst the ideological zealotry in the post cold war era. Marked by the binary opposition between liberalism and autocracy,??studies at that period?prioritized?political stance and ideology, with a sole purpose to prove that the inevitable?collapse of the Chinese political system. Ironically, such studies have been denied by China's success story over and over again, and was consequently questioned.

第三代中國學(xué)發(fā)端于新的形勢背景下，研究方法和取向都不同以往。這一代流派的演進(jìn)，將推動中國學(xué)從基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)上發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)型，并使世界對中國的認(rèn)知產(chǎn)生決定性影響。這對中國共產(chǎn)黨來說意義深遠(yuǎn)，作為中國政治治理模式的核心。

The third phase of the China studies started under a new condition, adopting different methods and aims. Such evolvement may promote a transition in the?basic structure of China studies and cast decisive influence on the world's perception of China. With great importance to the Communist Party of China, it should be regarded as the core of the Chinese political governance.

最近幾十年來，中國全方位快速崛起，全球政治、歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)研究的頂尖人士， 紛紛聚焦中國，希望探究這一歷史重大事件的深遠(yuǎn)含義。這個群體不再象前兩代那樣限于中國通，而是來自各個領(lǐng)域。

Resent decades have witnessed the rise of China in a all-round way. Top researches in global politics, history, and economis are all focusing on China, hoping to explore the essence of?this major historic event. This group of people is not limited to the so-called China experts as we saw in the previous two phases, but from various sectors.?

一個趨向可以稱為實證派，即以收集客觀數(shù)據(jù)為基本研究方法，從歷史和現(xiàn)在的角度客觀分析中國的治理模式。

And the studies are getting empirical,?based on gathering objective data and analyzing the Chinese model of governance in both historical and modern perspectives.