New research provides evidence that traumatic experiences in childhood are associated with empathy levels in adulthood. The study, published in PLOS One, indicates that people who experience traumatic events as children are better at responding to the emotional states of others as adults.

新研究提供的證據(jù)表明，童年時期的心理創(chuàng)傷經(jīng)歷與成年期的移情水平有關(guān)。該研究發(fā)表在PLOS One中，表明在兒童時期有過心理創(chuàng)傷事件的人長大后更善于回應(yīng)他人的情緒狀態(tài)。

“My experiences doing clinical work as a psychotherapist with children and adults inspired this research,” said study author David M. Greenberg of the University of Cambridge and City University of New York.

“我作為心理治療師與兒童和成人一起做臨床工作的經(jīng)歷激發(fā)了我去進行這項研究，”研究作者，畢業(yè)與劍橋大學(xué)和紐約城市大學(xué)的David M. Greenberg說。

The researchers surveyed 387 adults via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk regarding their history of childhood trauma and level of empathy. They also surveyed another 442 adults using a different empathy measure.

研究人員通過亞馬遜的Mechanical Turk對387名成年人進行了調(diào)查，了解他們童年創(chuàng)傷的歷史和移情水平。他們還使用不同的移情水平測試對另外442名成年人進行了調(diào)查。

In both surveys, adults who reported experiencing a traumatic event in childhood tended to have higher levels of empathy. Traumatic events included the death of a very close friend or family member, parental divorce or discord, traumatic sexual experiences such as molestation, and being subjected to violence.

在這兩項調(diào)查中，報告在童年時期經(jīng)歷過創(chuàng)傷事件的成年人往往具有更高的同理心。創(chuàng)傷事件包括一位非常親密的朋友或家人死亡，父母離婚或不和，創(chuàng)傷性性行為，如騷擾，以及遭受暴力。

Childhood trauma was only associated with elevated levels of affective empathy. It was not linked to higher levels of cognitive empathy.

童年創(chuàng)傷只與移情水平升高有關(guān)。它與更高水平的認知共情無關(guān)。

“Cognitive empathy (also referred to as ‘mentalizing’) is the ability to understand another’s thoughts and feelings, whereas affective empathy is the ability respond to another person’s mental state with an appropriate emotion,” the study explained.

“認知共情（帶入他人角色）是理解他人思想和感受的能力，而情感移情（察言觀色）是能夠用適當(dāng)?shù)那榫w對另一個人的精神狀態(tài)做出反應(yīng)的能力，”研究解釋說。

評論：

[–]Nebarious?
If you grow up in an environment where understanding the minutiae of another person can literally save your life (or at least avoid pain), you very quickly learn how to read people and their emotions. Unfortunately, that sort of hyper-awareness never leaves you and it can lead you into some pretty awful situations.

如果你從小在痛苦的環(huán)境甚至說能危機到生命的環(huán)境里長大的話你就會明白讀懂人表情上的微小變化是可以幫你逃過一劫的，然后很快你就能學(xué)會如何讀懂人們的感情。但不幸的是，這種隨時注意別人表情的高壓狀態(tài)會一直伴隨著你揮之不去，最終很容易導(dǎo)致你精神崩潰。

[–]TreasureBG?
I could tell my dad's mood from his footsteps. That's definitely minutiae.

我可以從我爸的腳步聲判斷他的心情好壞。這變化可真是太微妙了。

[–]Nebarious??
Too real.

真實。

[–]tigerdreaming?
I’d never thought about it until this second but me too... My Dads footsteps were a dead giveaway of his mood...I still always hyper-react to footsteps and try and interpret them even those of my husband and children... hmm

直到讀到你的發(fā)言之前我都沒有意識到我也和你一樣...我爸的腳步聲完美的泄漏出了他的心情狀態(tài)...就算是現(xiàn)在的我也對腳步聲非常敏感，我會仔細聽腳步聲然后翻譯出來他們的狀態(tài)即使這是我老公和小孩的腳步聲...

[–]Healing
Even my nei***ors' footsteps stress me out. I'm hypervigilant about everyone's moods. Would gladly trade any increased empathy for a little sanity.

我鄰居的腳步聲都能讓我亞歷山大。我對所有人的心情狀態(tài)真的是超敏感。不過讓我消耗這些精力去增加我的同情心還是可以接受的。

[–]RickZanches?
Yeah same here. Heavy footsteps and slamming doors or any unexpected loud noises set me off. I'll literally stop everything and listen while my heart pounds in my chest, even tho it's usually nothing to worry about.

I never really considered it wasn't a normal thing for people to do.

找到同類了。重重的腳步聲和大力關(guān)門聲或者是沒來由的噪音都會讓我心頭一緊。然后我會停下一切動作去聽噪音是哪兒來的，心臟還砰砰直跳，而這些聲音通常都沒什么好去擔(dān)心的。

我都從來沒去想過我的這些行為是不正常的。

[–]cscotty
It hurts

心疼你們

[–]Go_On_Swan?
Your not alone friend. Footsteps, the way they close the front door when they get home, how closed they keep the office door, etc. Made my hyper-aware of these things wherever I look.

你不是一個人。腳步聲，回家進門時的腳步聲、離辦公室越來越近的腳步聲等等。這些無論何時都讓我超級敏感。

[–]Kitkatphoto?
I've often wondered if it will help me or not in my professional life because I'm hyper aware of peoples body language and speech patterns.

我對人們的肢體語言和說話方式超級在意，我想知道這對我的職業(yè)生涯是否有幫助。

[–]purview
depends on whether this prevents you from functioning normally or not
personally i can’t all of the time and usually just end up quitting every job abruptly

那要看這對你的日常工作是否有阻礙了，就我個人來說我受不了整天都那樣所以我做的每份工作最后都草草辭去了。

[–]pensivemoon1?
I feel you... Being in the engineering field and seeing how a lot of engineers don't have some social skills almost led me to leave because of how aware I am about others, and then internalizing their behaviors to mean something is wrong with me... It takes patience

深有體會...我是個工程師看見過很多同行工程師都沒有社交技能，這讓我感覺到自己跟他們不是一路人，在他們中間讓我覺的很怪，但我只能忍。
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