Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

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The?dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus?is a?nucleus?of the?hypothalamus. It is involved in feeding, drinking, body-weight regulation and?circadian activity.[1]?More specifically, it is a necessary component for the expression of numerous behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus receives information from neurons and humors involved in feeding regulation, body weight and energy consumption, and then passes this information on to brain regions involved in sleep and wakefulness regulation, body temperature and corticosteroid secretion.[2]

Contents

·?1Function

·?2Clinical significance

·?2.1Damage

·?3References

Function[edit]

The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) receives its circadian information from the?suprachiasmatic nucleus, both directly and via?subparaventricular zone, and senses?leptin

(存在著餓醒這種情況。那么應(yīng)該是較高的leptin會抑制DMH，從而降低locus coeruleus?and?orexinergic?neurons的興奮度，而較低的leptin濃度會減少對DMH的抑制，從而增加locus coeruleus?and?orexinergic?neurons的興奮度，導(dǎo)致變得更清醒。很有可能DMH投射的軸突是抑制型的。)

?and other feeding cues, but it is also possible that it contains its own feeding-entrained oscillator (FEO). This still has yet to be proven?in vitro. The DMH sends information to the?ventrolateral preoptic area,?locus coeruleus, and?orexinergic?neurons in order to aid in the regulation of wakefulness.?

（這句話并沒有說DMH的軸突是抑制還是興奮，我的一個(gè)推測是對ventrolateral preoptic area抑制，從而抑制睡眠狀態(tài)；對locus coeruleus?and?orexinergic?neurons興奮，從而提高NE系統(tǒng)的活動(dòng)和飲食動(dòng)機(jī)，增加清醒度。）

The DMH is also involved in the regulation of hypothalamic outflow to the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems.[3]?Almost all major nuclei and areas of the hypothalamus feed information to the DMH.[4]?The inhibition of neuronal activation using muscimol in the DMH inhibited 85% of heart rate response?and 68% of blood pressure response to air stress. This displays that the DMH also plays a role in the increase of heart rate and blood pressure as cardiovascular responses to stress

（說明交感系統(tǒng)被一定程度抑制，那么DMH的活動(dòng)應(yīng)該對應(yīng)著交感系統(tǒng)的活動(dòng)，對應(yīng)著NE system的基礎(chǔ)活動(dòng)，DMH很可能并不導(dǎo)致NE濃度的急速增加，因?yàn)樗⒉晃挥贜E放大環(huán)路中。這正好與solitary nucleus的功能相反，當(dāng)胃腸到產(chǎn)生大量信息上傳到solitary nucleus時(shí)，導(dǎo)致solitary nucleus去抑制locus coeruleus，這與DMH去興奮locus coeruleus正相反。DMH應(yīng)該是引發(fā)進(jìn)食的核團(tuán)，而solitary nucleus能起到抑制進(jìn)食。）

.[5]?The DMH is also a part of the pathway corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)?takes?when it is secreted by the?paraventricular nucleus?of the hypothalamus, and it is involved in the flow?from the?sympathetic nervous system?to the?adrenal gland（這句話看似很重要，但是其中存在嚴(yán)重的語法錯(cuò)誤，導(dǎo)致無法理解這句話。takes的主語缺失，flow在句子中的含義也存在問題。）.[6]

Clinical significance[edit]

Damage[edit]

It was found in the study done by Gooley et al. that lesions in DMH neurons in rats prevented food entrainment of wakefulness, locomotor activity, and core body temperature.

(這里應(yīng)該暗含了DMH的功能包括wakefulness的維持、locomotor activity的維持、core body temperature的維持，基本上都屬于NE system的功能范圍，也就是可以確定DMH是去興奮locus coeruleus?；蛟S，DMH被lateral hypothalamus興奮，然后DMH也去興奮orexinergic?neurons，從而形成這樣的一個(gè)興奮型的正反饋循環(huán)。?)?

This further verifies its role in oscillation between feeding and circadian rhythm.[3]?Lesions in the DMH of rats also caused a weakened level of response to the feeding-stimulant insulin.[6]