GB/T 21437.3-2021 英文版 道路車輛 電氣電子部件對傳導和耦合引起的電騷擾試驗方法 第3部分：對耦合到非電源線電瞬態(tài)的抗擾性

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1 ?范圍
? ?本文件規(guī)定了電氣／電子部件對耦合到非電源線電瞬態(tài)脈沖的抗擾性的臺架試驗方法。
? ?本文件適用于M，N、O、L類車輛用標稱電壓12 V或24 V的電氣／電子部件。
2 ?規(guī)范性引用文件
? ?下列文件中的內容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
? ?GB／T 21437.1 ?道路車輛 ?電氣／電子部件對傳導和耦合引起的電騷擾試驗方法 ?第1部分；定義和一般規(guī)定(GB／T 21437.1-2021，ISO 7637-1：2015，MOD)
? ?GB／T 21437.2 ?道路車輛 ?電氣／電子部件對傳導和耦合引起的電騷擾試驗方法 ?第2部分：沿電源線的電瞬態(tài)傳導發(fā)射和抗擾性(GB／T 21437.2-2021，ISO 7637-2；2011，MOD)
? ?GB／T 33014.4 ?道路車輛 ?電氣／電子部件對窄帶輻射電磁能的抗擾性試驗方法 ?第4部分：大電流注入(BCI)法(GB／T 33014.4-2016，ISO 11452-4；2005，MOD)
3 ?術語和定義
? ?GB／T 21437.1界定的術語和定義適用于本文件。
4 ?試驗方法
4.1 ?概述
? ?本文件描述了電氣／電子部件[即，被測裝置(DUT)]對耦合電瞬態(tài)脈沖抗擾性的三種試驗方法：容性耦合鉗(CCC)法、直接電容器耦合(DCC)法，感性耦合鉗(ICC)法。試驗需在試驗室中進行。
? ?試驗瞬態(tài)脈沖模擬快速和慢速電瞬態(tài)騷擾，例如感性負載切換、繼電器觸點彈跳等引起的瞬態(tài)騷擾。本部分給出的試驗脈沖均為典型脈沖，反映了車輛中可能出現(xiàn)的瞬態(tài)脈沖的主要特征。
? ?如果電氣／電子部件靠自身的功能或結構不會受到本部分規(guī)定的脈沖影響，試驗中無需施加這些脈沖。需要額外施加的試驗脈沖，由車輛制造商和零部件供應商協(xié)商進行定義。
? ?試驗計劃至少應包括如下方面：
? ?——采用的試驗方法；
? ?——施加的試驗脈沖；
? ?——試驗脈沖幅度；
? ?——試驗脈沖數(shù)量；
? ?——DUT操作方式；
? ?——線束(產(chǎn)品線束或試驗線束)；
? ?——使用容性耦合鉗法時容性耦合鉗所用的導線；
? ?——使用直接電容器耦合法時所用的導線；
? ?——使用直接電容器耦合法時采用的電容值；
? ?——使用感性耦合鉗法時感性耦合鉗所用的導線；
? ?——使用感性耦合鉗法時感性耦合鉗的類型。
? ?DUT的抗擾性評價試驗嚴酷等級由車輛制造商和零部件供應商協(xié)商確定，可從附錄B中選擇。表1給出了三種不同試驗方法的適用性。可從慢速電瞬態(tài)脈沖試驗方法和快速電瞬態(tài)脈沖試驗方法中各選擇一種適用DUT的方法。
表1 ?試驗方法適用性
瞬態(tài)類型 CCC法 DCC法 ICC法
慢速脈沖2a 不適用 適用 適用
快速脈沖3a和3b 適用 適用 不適用
4.2 ?標準試驗條件
? ?如下標準試驗條件應滿足GB／T 21437.1的規(guī)定：
? ?——試驗溫度；
? ?——供電電壓。
? ?除特殊規(guī)定外，試驗嚴酷電平的允差應為％。
4.3 ?接地平板
? ?接地平板應為最小厚度0.5 mm的金屬薄板(如紫銅、黃銅或鍍鋅鋼板)。接地平板的最小寬度應為1 000 mm，或整個試驗布置下方的寬度(不包括電源和瞬態(tài)脈沖發(fā)生器)再加200 mm，取兩者中尺寸較大的平板。接地平板的最小長度應為2 000 mm，或者整個試驗布置下方的長度(不包括電源和瞬態(tài)脈沖發(fā)生器)再加200 mm，取兩者中尺寸較大的平板。
4.4 ?試驗布置
? ?DUT應按要求布置并連接。按4.5.4，4.6.4和4.7.3中的描述使用試驗線束或產(chǎn)品線束將DUT與其正常運行所使用的裝置(負載、傳感器等)進行連接。如無法使用DUT運行的實際信號源，可使用模擬信號源。
? ?DUT應放置在接地平板上方(50±5) mm的非導電性，低相對介電常數(shù)(εr≤1.4)材料的絕緣支撐物上。如DUT以近端方式接地(接地線最大長度200 mm)，DUT連接至接地平板的接地回線應在試驗計劃中規(guī)定。
? ?DUT的外殼接地應反映車輛安裝情況并應在試驗計劃中規(guī)定。
? ?所有線束應放置在接地平板上方(50±5)mm的非導電性、低相對介電常數(shù)(εr≤1.4)材料的絕緣支撐物上，所有負載、傳感器等的接地(接地線、金屬外殼)盡可能使用最短的線連接到接地平板。
? ?為了使DUT無關的容性耦合最小化，DUT和所有其他的導電結構(試驗布置下方的接地平板除外)例如屏蔽室墻壁的最短距離應大于0.5 m。
4.5 ?容性耦合鉗(CCC)法
4.5.1 ?概述
? ?CCC法適用于耦合快速電瞬態(tài)試驗脈沖，特別適用于帶有中等或大量導線的DUT。此方法不適用于耦合慢速電瞬態(tài)試驗脈沖。
4.5.2 ?發(fā)生器驗證
? ?試驗前應按GB／T 21437.2對瞬態(tài)脈沖參數(shù)(見表6，表7)進行驗證。驗證時應在端接50 Ω的負載條件下進行。
4.5.3 ?瞬態(tài)脈沖電平校正
? ?瞬態(tài)脈沖發(fā)生器應按圖1進行連接。瞬態(tài)脈沖電平通過輸入阻抗為50 Ω示波器進行校正。
? ?CCC(無內部連接電纜)輸出端與示波器之間通過帶有50 Ω同軸電纜線的50 Ω衰減器相連。在校正過程中不得有線纜通過耦合鉗。嚴酷等級示例見附錄B。
? ?注：由于示波器和衰減器為50 Ω負載，瞬態(tài)脈沖發(fā)生器的開路電壓約是規(guī)定試驗電壓的2倍。

? ?標引序號說明：
? ?1——瞬態(tài)脈沖發(fā)生器； ? ? ? ? ?4——50 Ω衰減器；
? ?2——50 Ω同軸電纜(≤1 m)； ? ? 5——示波器(50 Ω輸入阻抗)。
? ?3——CCC；
圖1 ?CCC法瞬態(tài)脈沖電平校正
4.5.4 ?DUT試驗
? ?試驗布置應滿足4.4總體規(guī)定。CCC法的試驗布置見圖2。
? ?穿過CCC的 DUT線纜經(jīng)協(xié)商確定并在試驗計劃中記錄，其耦合長度為1 m。
? ?CCC方法中不包括12 V／24 V電源線(正極線和回線)，其他需要連接到輔助設備(如傳感器)的回線或正極線應包含進去。如果輔助設備近端接地，不應包含近端接地連線。所有不包含的回線或正極線應在試驗計劃中注明。
? ?位于CCC中的所有線纜應呈單層(典型值為10至20根線纜)平直放置，為測量DUT全部線纜，可進行多次試驗。
? ?CCC鉸鏈蓋應盡可能平放，確保與平放的受試線束盡可能多地接觸。在CCC中應保持雙絞線和屏蔽線的配置。帶有多個連接器的DUT試驗(所有連接器線束同時進行試驗或單個連接器線束分別進行試驗)或超過10根～20根線纜的線束試驗應在試驗計劃中規(guī)定。
? ?DUT 和CCC之間以及外圍設備和CCC之間的距離均應大于或等于300 mm。受試線纜在CCC之外的部分應置于接地平板上方(50±5)mm，并且和CCC縱向軸的夾角為90°±15°。試驗中非受試線纜放置(無需直線放置)在耦合鉗外、(50±5)mm高的絕緣支撐上，與耦合鉗的最短距離為100 mm。上述規(guī)定長度之外的線纜布置應在試驗計劃中注明。
? ?DUT與瞬態(tài)脈沖發(fā)生器應放在CCC的同一端。受試線束總長度為1 700 mm。

1 Scope

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This document specifies bench test methods to evaluate the immunity of devices to transient pulses coupled to lines other than supply lines.

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This document applies to nominal 12 V or 24 V electrical/electronic components of M, N, O and L vehicles

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2 Normative references

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The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

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GB/T 21437.1 Road vehicles - Test method of electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 1: Definitions and general considerations (GB/T 21437.1-2021, ISO 7637-1:2015, MOD)

GB/T 21437.2 Road vehicles - Test method of electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 2:Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only (GB/T 21437.2-2021, ISO 7637-2: 2011, MOD)

GB/T 33014.4 Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical/electronic disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 4: Bulk current injection (BCI) (GB/T 33014.4-2016, ISO 11452-4:2005, MOD)

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3 Terms and definitions

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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 21437.1 apply.

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4 Test conditions

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4.1 General

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This document describes CCC method, DCC method and ICC method for testing the immunity of electrical system components or devices under test (DUTs) against coupled transient pulses. These tests shall be performed in the laboratory.

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Test transient pulses simulate fast and slow electrical transient disturbance, such as transient disturbance caused by inductive load switching and relay contact bounce. The test pulses in this part represent the characteristics of most of the known transient pulses which may occur in the vehicle.

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Such pulse tests may be omitted if a device, depending on its function or its configuration, is not subjected to the transient pulses specified in this part. The vehicle manufacturer and the supplier shall define additional transient pulse tests needed.

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A test plan shall be written to define the following:

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— the test methods to be used;

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— the test pulses to be applied;

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— the test pulses levels;

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— the number of test pulses;

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— the DUT operating modes;

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— the wiring harness (test versus production);

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— the leads to be included in the capacitive coupling clamp, if used;

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— the leads to be tested using the direct coupling capacitor method, if used;

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— the capacitance values to be used, if the direct coupling capacitor method is used;

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— the leads to be included in the inductive coupling clamp, if used; and

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— the type of inductive coupling clamp, if the inductive coupling method is used.

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The transient pulse test severity levels of DUT shall be mutually agreed upon between the vehicle manufacturer and the supplier, or may be chosen from Annex B.

The applicability of the three different test methods is indicated in Table 1. It is sufficient to select one test method for slow transient pulses and one test method for fast transient pulses.

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Table 1 Test method applicability

Transient pulses type CCC method DCC method ICC method

Slow transient pulses 2a Not applicable Applicable Applicable

Fast transient pulses 3a and 3b Applicable Applicable Not applicable

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4.2 Standard test conditions

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Standard test conditions shall be according to GB/T 21437.1 for the following:

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- test temperature;

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- supply voltage.

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Unless otherwise defined, the tolerance on test severity levels shall be %.

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4.3 Ground plane

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The ground plane shall be made of 0.5 mm thick (minimum) copper, brass or galvanized steel. The minimum width of the ground plane shall be 1,000 mm, or underneath the entire setup width (excluding power supply and transient pulse generator) plus 200 mm, whichever is larger. The minimum length of the ground plane shall be 2,000 mm, or underneath the entire setup length (excluding power supply and transient pulse generator) plus 200 mm, whichever is larger.

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4.4 Test setup

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The DUT shall be arranged and connected according to its requirements. The DUT shall be connected to the original operating devices (loads, sensors, etc.) using the test or production harnesses described in 4.5.4, 4.6.4 and 4.7.4. If the actual DUT operating signal sources are not available, they may be simulated.

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The DUT shall be placed on a non-conductive, low relative permittivity material (εr≤1.4), at (50±5) mm above the ground plane. If the DUT is locally grounded (maximum length of 200 mm), then the DUT’s ground supply line shall be connected to the ground plane as defined in the test plan.

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Grounding of the DUT case to the ground plane shall reflect the vehicle installation and shall be defined in the test plan.

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All harnesses shall be placed on a non-conductive, low relative permittivity (dielectric-constant) material (εr≤1.4), at (50±5) mm above the ground plane. All loads, sensors, etc. grounds (lines, metallic cases) are connected to the ground plane using the shortest possible length.

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To minimize extraneous capacitive coupling to the DUT, the minimum distance between the DUT and all other conductive structures, such as walls of a shielded enclosure (with the exception of the ground plane underneath the test setup) shall be more than 0.5 m.

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4.5 CCC method

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4.5.1 General

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The CCC method is suitable for coupling the fast transient pulses, particularly for DUTs with a moderate or large number of leads to be tested. It is not suitable for coupling the slow transient pulses.

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4.5.2 Generator verification

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The transient pulse parameters (see Tables 6 and 7) shall be verified prior to the test according to GB/T 21437.2. Verification shall be performed with the 50 ? load condition.

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4.5.3 Transient pulses level adjustment

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The transient pulse generator shall be connected as shown in Figure 1. The transient pulse level is adjusted with a 50 ? input oscilloscope.

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The output of the CCC (no intermediate cable connections) is connected with the oscilloscope through a 50 Ω attenuator with 50 Ω coaxial cable. There shall be no lines routed through the coupling clamp during adjustment. Examples of test severity levels are listed in Annex B.

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Note: The open circuit voltage of the transient pulses generator is approximately twice the value of the specific test voltage, due to 50 ? loading of the attenuator and the oscilloscope.
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