【初中句子分析】形式主語it

It makes them feel good to share things with others.
與他人分享東西使他們感覺很好。
這個是牛津譯林版九年級上冊第6頁的課文。
在這個句子中,it是形式主語,真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式短語“to share things with others”。在英語中,不定式或不定式短語作主語時,可以直接位于句首。這句話本來應(yīng)該是“To share things with others makes them feel good.”但是英語中動詞不定式短語“to share things with others”做主語放在句首,給你一種頭重腳輕的感覺,外國人很忌諱頭重腳輕的,所以為了解決這個問題,外國人選擇了形式主語“it”代替這個動詞不定式放在句首,(為什么用It而不用別的單詞呢,我猜呢,人都是很懶的,外國人也不例外,所以外國人選了一個最短的代詞)動詞不定式放在最后面,這樣整個句子就變成了:“It makes them feel good to share things with others.”
以前我們也學(xué)過類似的句式:
(1)It + is/was + adj./n. (形容詞或名詞) +to do sth.
It is a good idea to think this way. 這樣考慮問題是個好辦法。
It’s common for leaves to fall from the trees in the fall. 秋天樹葉從樹上落下是件常事。
(2)It + v. + to do sth.
It took us three years to complete the project. 我們花費(fèi)三年時間才完成了這項(xiàng)工程。
It sounds reasonable to do it this way.聽起來這樣做有道理。
注意:
(1)單個動詞不定式作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)
To learn English well is very important. 學(xué)好英語很重要。
(2)如果and連接兩個或更多并列的不定式作主語,且并列的不定式語義一致或基本一致時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);如果不一致,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)
To love and to be loved is sweet to us.愛與被愛對我們來說都是甜蜜的。
[鞏固練習(xí)]
1.對每個人來說,對所有事情三思而后行是很有必要的。
答案:1.It’s necessary for everyone to think twice about everything.
[經(jīng)典例題]
In fact________is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this ???B. that ???C. there ????D. it
答案:D