貓聽源性反射性抽搐發(fā)作丨Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures (FARS)
Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures (FARS)
貓聽源性反射性抽搐發(fā)作?
By?Melissa Boldan, DVM?on?Nov. 8, 2022
原文網(wǎng)址
https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/neurological/feline-audiogenic-reflex-seizures-fars
IN THIS ARTICLE 目錄
Summary 總結(jié)
Symptoms 癥狀
Causes 病因
Diagnosis 診斷
Treatment 治療
Recovery and Management 恢復(fù)和管理
What Are Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures?
什么是貓聽源性反射性抽搐發(fā)作？?
Feline audiogenic reflex seizures (FARS) are a medical condition where loud sounds can trigger seizures in cats. FARS is more common in senior cats, with the average patient being 15 years old when diagnosed. It is also a genetic disorder in the Birman cat breed.
貓的聽源性反射性抽搐發(fā)作(FARS)是一種醫(yī)學(xué)疾病，大聲的聲音會引發(fā)貓的抽搐發(fā)作。
FARS在老年貓中更為常見，確診時病患的平均年齡為15歲。
這也是伯曼貓（Birman cat）的一種基因性疾病。
There are three types of FARS seizures:
FARS抽搐發(fā)作有三種類型:
Myoclonic Seizure:?This is the most common type and is considered one of the hallmark clinical signs. Myoclonic seizures look like muscle spasms or jerking, and usually last only a few seconds. Cats experiencing this type of seizure look like they are conscious, but they have muscle twitches across their body.
肌陣攣性抽搐發(fā)作（Myoclonic Seizure）
這是最常見的類型，被認(rèn)為是標(biāo)志性的臨床癥狀之一。
肌陣攣性抽搐發(fā)作看起來像肌肉痙攣或抽搐，通常只持續(xù)數(shù)秒鐘。
經(jīng)歷這種抽搐發(fā)作的貓看起來是有意識的，但它們?nèi)矶加屑∪獬榇ぁ?/span>
Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure (GTCS):?This is what most people think of when they hear the word “seizure.” When a cat has GTCS, they fall over on their side, paddle their feet, shake, chomp their jaw, possibly lose control of their bladder or bowels, and are not mentally aware. Usually, these episodes last a couple of minutes. Cats are confused and disoriented for a few minutes afterward.
全身性強直陣攣性發(fā)作（Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure?GTCS）
這是大多數(shù)人聽到“抽搐發(fā)作 seizure?”這個詞時聯(lián)想到的表現(xiàn)。
當(dāng)貓出現(xiàn)GTCS時，它們會一側(cè)躺倒，四肢拍打狀/劃水狀，顫抖，下巴咀嚼，可能會失去對膀胱或腸道的控制，并且沒有精神上的意識表現(xiàn)。
通常，這些癥狀會持續(xù)幾分鐘。
幾分鐘之后，貓會感到困惑和迷失方向。
Absence Seizure:?Commonly called a petit mal seizure, an absence seizure is a subtle seizure where the patient seems to be briefly unaware. This type of seizure is more commonly described in humans because it is more obvious. A person may be sitting and talking to you one minute, and the next minute they are not responsive to questions. In pets, an absence seizure can be difficult to recognize, but it looks like the animal has lost awareness for a short period of time.
失神性發(fā)作（Absence Seizure）
通常被稱為癲癇小發(fā)作（petit mal seizure），失神性發(fā)作是一種輕微的發(fā)作，病患似乎暫時沒有意識到（剛才有發(fā)作）。
這種類型的抽出發(fā)作在人類中更常見，因為它更明顯。
人可能前一分鐘還坐著和你說話，下一分鐘就突然不回答問題了。
對于寵物來說，失神發(fā)作很難識別，但看起來動物已經(jīng)在短時間內(nèi)失去了意識。
FARS is not commonly diagnosed in cats. It is believed to have a genetic link and may be triggered by hearing loss. As a senior cat loses their hearing, first they lose the ability to hear lower tones. High-pitched and loud sounds are the last to go. Cats with FARS are startled by these loud sounds, and that can trigger a seizure.
FARS在貓身上并不常見。
它被認(rèn)為與基因有關(guān)，可能由聽力喪失引發(fā)。
當(dāng)一只老年貓失去聽力時，首先它們失去了聽到較低音調(diào)的能力。
高音調(diào)和洪亮的聲響是最后失去的。
有FARS的貓會被這些響亮的聲音嚇到，隨之可能誘發(fā)抽搐發(fā)作。
When a cat is diagnosed with a seizure disorder, it may not be possible to eliminate their seizures altogether. Managing seizures by reducing their frequency and severity might be the only option.
當(dāng)一只貓被診斷患有抽搐發(fā)作性疾病時，不太可能完全消除它們的抽搐發(fā)作。
通過減少抽搐發(fā)作頻率和嚴(yán)重程度來控制抽搐發(fā)作可能是唯一的（合理的）選擇。
A seizure is considered a medical emergency when it lasts more than 5 minutes, or if your cat has a cluster of seizures (more than three seizures in 24 hours).?If your cat is having a protracted (prolonged) seizure or is clustering, they need to be taken to an emergency veterinarian as soon as possible.
當(dāng)抽搐發(fā)作持續(xù)超過5分鐘，或者如果你的貓貓有一系列抽搐發(fā)作（24小時內(nèi)超過三次抽搐發(fā)作），就被認(rèn)為是醫(yī)療急診情況。
如果你的貓貓有長時間的抽搐發(fā)作或叢集性抽搐發(fā)作（24小時內(nèi)多次抽搐發(fā)作），那么它們需要盡快被帶到急診獸醫(yī)那里（進(jìn)行控制）。
Clinical Signs of Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures?
貓聽源性反射性抽搐發(fā)作的臨床癥狀
The following are general signs of various types of seizures, but they are considered clinical signs of FARS after exposure to a high-frequency sound:
以下是各種類型抽搐發(fā)作的一般癥狀，
但它們被認(rèn)為是暴露于高頻聲音后的FARS的臨床癥狀:
Muscle twitches, spasms, or jerks
肌肉震顫，痙攣，或抽動
Loss of awareness
失去意識
Stiffening up and falling over?
僵硬和跌倒
Leg paddling or kicking while on side
側(cè)躺時，肢體劃水或踢腿
Jaw chomping/chewing
下頜咀嚼
Hypersalivation?
過度流涎
Loss of control of bladder or bowels
失去膀胱或腸道的控制
Causes of Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures
貓聽源性反射性抽搐發(fā)作的病因
FARS seizures are triggered by interrupted, high-frequency sounds. Researchers who characterized this syndrome linked the following sounds to onset of seizures:
FARS發(fā)作是由中斷的高頻聲音引發(fā)的。
描述這種綜合征的研究人員將以下聲音與抽搐發(fā)作聯(lián)系起來:
Crinkling tin foil, plastic, or paper bags?
皺褶錫紙、塑料或紙袋的聲音
Dropping metal spoon into ceramic bowl
金屬勺子掉進(jìn)陶瓷碗里的聲音
Chinking or tapping of glass?
玻璃的叮當(dāng)聲或敲擊聲
Tapping on computer keyboard
敲擊電腦鍵盤的聲音
Clicking on computer mouse?
點擊電腦鼠標(biāo)的聲音
Computer printers?
電腦打印機(jī)的聲音
Clinking of keys or coins
鑰匙或硬幣的叮當(dāng)聲
Hammering nails?
釘釘子的聲音
Clacking together of wooden blocks
木塊的撞擊咔嗒聲
Splitting firewood
劈木柴的聲音
Clicking tongue?
舌頭發(fā)出的敲打聲
Texting ding?
短信叮當(dāng)聲
Mobile phone ring
移動電話鈴聲
Alarms
鬧鐘聲
Clicking of gas burner while igniting
點火時燃?xì)恻c燃器的咔嗒聲
Running water?
流動的水聲
Dog scratching
狗狗抓撓的聲音
Jingling metal dog tags
叮當(dāng)作響的金屬狗牌聲
Walking on wooden floors with bare feet or squeaky shoes
光著腳走在木地板上，或者穿著吱吱作響的鞋子
Children’s screams or peals of laughter
孩子們的尖叫或笑聲
The most common sounds to cause seizures are tin foil crinkling, dropping a metal spoon into a ceramic bowl, and tapping or chinking of glass.
引起抽搐發(fā)作的最常見的聲音是錫紙卷曲的聲音，金屬勺子掉進(jìn)陶瓷碗里的聲音，以及玻璃的敲擊聲或丁當(dāng)聲。
Why Do Sharp Sounds Lead to Seizures in Cats?
為什么尖銳的聲音會導(dǎo)致貓抽搐發(fā)作?
Researchers have found that more than half of cats that have FARS are either deaf or have some hearing loss. When hearing loss occurs, low-toned sounds are lost before high-pitched ones.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，
超過一半患有FARS的貓要么耳聾，
要么有一定程度的聽力損失。
當(dāng)聽力喪失時，
低音調(diào)的聲音比高音調(diào)的聲音先聽不到。
The high-pitched sounds break through the quiet in the hearing-impaired cat and startle them. This causes a reflex seizure. Reflex seizures are triggered by specific environmental stimuli, in this case, a startling noise.
高音調(diào)的聲音打破了這些聽障貓貓的安靜，嚇了它們一跳。
這會引起反射性抽搐發(fā)作。
反射性抽搐發(fā)作是由特定的環(huán)境刺激引發(fā)的，
在這種疾病，
這個環(huán)境刺激就是一種令其驚嚇的噪音。
How Veterinarians Diagnose Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures
獸醫(yī)如何診斷貓的聽源性反射癲癇
To determine if your cat has FARS, your veterinarian will ask you about your cat’s history of possible seizures. They will want to know exactly what behaviors your cat displayed when they had the episode, and might ask these questions:
為了確定你的貓貓是否患有FARS，你的獸醫(yī)會詢問你的貓貓可能抽搐發(fā)作的病史。
他們會想知道你的貓貓在發(fā)病時到底表現(xiàn)出了什么行為，可能會問這些問題:
Did they fall over on their side, paddle their legs, and chomp their jaws?
Did they have muscle twitches?
Did they lose control of their bladder?
How long did the episode last?
Did you notice anything different right before the episode started?
它們是否側(cè)躺倒在地上，四肢劃水，咀嚼下巴?
它們有肌肉抽搐嗎?
它們的膀胱失控了嗎?（它們有異常排尿嗎？）
這一次發(fā)作持續(xù)了多長時間?
在發(fā)作開始之前，你注意到有什么異常嗎?
If your pet is having seizure episodes, it is recommended that you start keeping a journal and include as much information as possible about the seizures. If you notice any patterns or specific stimuli that seem to trigger your cat, share those with your veterinarian so they can determine if it is FARS or spontaneous seizures.
如果你的寵物有偶發(fā)性抽搐發(fā)作，
建議你開始做記錄，
包括盡可能多的關(guān)于抽搐發(fā)作的信息。
如果你注意到任何模式或特定的刺激似乎會觸發(fā)你的貓貓抽搐發(fā)作，
與你的獸醫(yī)分享這些信息，
這樣他們就可以確定這是FARS還是自發(fā)性抽搐發(fā)作。
After a thorough history, your veterinarian will perform a physical exam. They may run bloodwork or do an x-ray or CT scan to rule out any underlying medical conditions.
在詳細(xì)了解病史后，
你的獸醫(yī)會給貓貓做一次身體檢查。
他們可能會做血液檢查或X光或CT掃描，
以排除任何潛在的醫(yī)療疾病。
It is helpful if you can provide your veterinarian with a video of your cat when they are having an episode. This will help them diagnose the type of seizure your cat is experiencing. Your veterinarian may recommend that you see a veterinary neurologist for advanced diagnostics.
如果你能給你的獸醫(yī)提供一段你的貓貓在發(fā)作時的視頻，
這是很有幫助的。
這將有助于他們診斷你的貓貓當(dāng)時正在經(jīng)歷的抽搐發(fā)作的類型。
你的獸醫(yī)可能會建議你去看獸醫(yī)神經(jīng)科醫(yī)生進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步診斷。
Treatment of Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures
貓聽源性反射性抽搐發(fā)作的治療
FARS disorder is treated with prescription medication to reduce the severity and likelihood of seizures.?Levetiracetam?(Keppra) is a drug that demonstrates good control of both the myoclonic and the generalized tonic-clonic types of seizures.
FARS病需要使用處方藥治療，以降低抽搐發(fā)作的嚴(yán)重程度和可能性。
左乙拉西坦(Keppra)是一種對肌陣攣型和全身性強直-陣攣型抽搐發(fā)作均有良好控制的藥物。
Avoiding or minimizing the seizure-triggering noises can also be helpful in reducing the frequency of episodes.
避免或盡量減少引起抽搐發(fā)作的噪音也有助于減少發(fā)作的頻率。
Recovery and Management of Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures?
貓聽源性反射性抽搐發(fā)作的恢復(fù)與治療
FARS is not curable, but cats may find some relief from frequency of seizure episodes with medical management. All treatment is geared toward management and keeping your cat comfortable and having less seizures.
FARS是無法治愈的，
但貓可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)一些緩解癲癇發(fā)作的頻率與醫(yī)療管理。
所有的治療都是為了管理和保持你的貓舒適和減少抽搐發(fā)作。
FARS is a condition that affects senior cats and is a genetic disorder in the Birman cat breed. Because most cats diagnosed with FARS are senior cats, they may also have concurrent diseases that come with age. Prognosis is good for seizure control itself, but most cats diagnosed with FARS typically have additional underlying diseases or are seniors, and therefore they may not live much longer for reasons unrelated to the FARS diagnosis.
FARS是一種影響老年貓的疾病，
是伯曼貓品種的一種基因性疾病。
因為大多數(shù)被診斷患有FARS的貓都是老年貓，
它們也可能患有隨著年齡增長而并發(fā)的疾病。
抽搐發(fā)作控制本身的預(yù)后良好，
但大多數(shù)被診斷為FARS的貓通常有其他潛在疾病或老年動物，
因此它們可能會因為與FARS診斷無關(guān)的其他病因壽命縮短。
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