重難點分析

一、倒裝句

倒裝句主要考查以下幾個方面：

◆含有否定意味的詞置于句首，用部分倒裝；

◆“only+狀語/狀語從句”置于句首，用部分倒裝；

◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容詞/副詞”提前，用部分倒裝；

◆表示方位的副詞或介詞短語放在句首，要用完全倒裝。

1. 倒裝句用法一覽表：

分類

倒裝條件及相關句型結構

例句

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There be…句型

There are many students in ? our school. 我們學校有很多學生。

表地點的介詞短語置于句首：地點狀語+謂語(be, lie, sit等)+主語

Near the river is/stands a ? pine tree. 河的附近有一棵松樹。

here, there, now, then, ? up, down, away, out等副詞位于句首

Out rushed the boy. 這個男孩沖了出去。

Then came the teacher. 接著老師進來了。

直接引語的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒裝：“…,”said/asked ? sb.

“You had better stay at ? home,” said my mother. “你最好待在家。”我媽說。

強調表語，置于句首，或為保持句子平衡

Fastened to the pole is ? the national flag. 系在桿子上的是國旗。

We saw a house, in front ? of which stood a tall tree. 我們看到了一所房子，房子前面有一棵高高的樹。

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主謂賓結構的一般疑問句和特殊疑問句

Have you finished your ? homework? 你完成家庭作業(yè)了嗎？

Why did you buy it? 你為什么買它？

seldom, never, little, ? hardly, nowhere, by no means, in no time等表否定意義的副詞或短語置于句首

Seldom does he watch TV. 他很少看電視。

By no means will I give up ? trying. 無論如何我都不會放棄常嘗試的。

“only+狀語/狀語從句”置于句首

Only when you have grown ? up can you understand your parents. 只有等你長大了，你才能理解你父母。

not only…but also…連接并列的句子，前倒后不倒

Not only does he do well ? in study, but also he is ready to help others. 他不僅成績優(yōu)秀，還樂于助人。

not until位于句首時

Not until the early years ? of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19世紀初，人們才知道熱是何物。

no sooner…than…連接并列的句子，前倒后不倒

No sooner had they started ? than it began to rain. 他們剛一出發(fā)，天就下起雨來了。

neither…nor…連接并列的句子，前后都倒

Neither do I know it, nor ? do I care about it. 我不知道，也不關心。

so/such…that中such/so的修飾成分置于句首時，前倒后不倒

So fast did he speak that I ? didn’t follow him. 他說得如此快，我都跟不上。

Such good players are they ? that they often win. 他們是如此好的運動員，以致他們經常贏得比賽。

as/though引導的讓步狀語從句，構成“形容詞/副詞/名詞/動詞/分詞+as/though+主語+謂語的其他部分”的倒裝形式

Child as he is, he knows a ? lot. 雖然他是小孩，他懂得很多。

Young though he was, he ? understood the meaning. 雖然他很年輕，卻懂那意思。

so, neither或nor表示前句所說的情況也適用于另外的人或事

He can play the piano. So ? can I. 他會彈鋼琴，我也會。

We didn’t win. Neither did ? they. 我們沒有贏，他們也沒有。

表示祝愿的祈使句

May you have a good trip. 祝你旅途愉快。

省略if的虛擬條件句：were/had/should ? +主語+謂語動詞

Were I you, I would not do ? it this way. 如果我是你，我不會這樣做。

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2. 特別提示

(1) there be結構的倒裝句型中，除了be動詞之外，there后還可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：

There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住著一位老人。

(2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副詞位于句首，主語為代詞時不到裝。如：

Away it flew. 它飛走了。

(3) 直接引語的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒裝，主句倒裝，但是主語為代詞時不倒裝。如：

“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必須完成它，”她說。

(4) so位于句首不倒裝的情況：

① 主語與前句相同，表贊同，譯為“確實如此”。如：

— Mike studies hard. 邁克學習很刻苦。

— So he does. 確實是。

② 表示前句內容也適用于另外的人或事，前句如果列舉了兩種事實以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如：

— Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 湯姆很友好，經常幫助處于困境中的人。

— So it is with his father. 他父親也是。

(5) 使用as/though進行倒裝時注意：

① 句首有名詞，名詞不能帶任何冠詞。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 盡管他是個孩子，卻能夠明辨是非。

② 句首是實義動詞時，其他助動詞則放在主語之后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，則賓語和狀語隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。如：

Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 雖然他盡力了，但他的工作總做得不盡如人意。

(6) not until位于句首的倒裝結構中，如果是復合句，只有主句用倒裝，從句不用。如：

Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才會戒煙。

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二、省略句

高考命題導向：省略是一種避免重復，保持簡潔的語法手段。缺少一個或一個以上的必要語言成分，但在一定語境中能夠獨立存在，意義明確，并且能發(fā)揮交際功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定結構中的運用。

省略句用法一覽表：

分類

說明

例句

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句子成分的省略

省略主語

(It) Doesn’t matter. 沒關系。

省略謂語

I won the first race and ? Tom (won) the second. 我贏了第一場比賽，湯姆贏了第二場。

省略賓語

I don’t know (it). 我不知道這件事。

省略表語

— Is he a student? 他是一名學生嗎？ — Yes, ? he is (a student). 是的，他是。

省略定語

Part of the money belongs ? to my mother and the rest (of the money) belongs to my father. 一部分錢屬于我媽媽，其余的錢屬于我爸爸。

省略狀語

He was not hurt. (How) ? Strange! 他沒有受傷。真奇怪！

省略從句

I would accept the ? invitation (if I were you). (如果我是你)我會接受邀請的。

省略整句

— Will you teach English ? to the students? 你要教學生英語嗎？

— Yes. (I will teach English ? to the students.) 是的。(我會教學生英語。)

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小品詞的省略

省略介詞

He is busy (in) doing his ? homework. 他正在忙著寫作業(yè)。

省略連詞that

I am sure (that) we will ? succeed. 我相信我們會成功的。

省略關系代詞

This is the dress (which) I ? bought in Shanghai. 這是我在上海買的裙子。

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固定結構中的省略

強調句型強調疑問詞時，常省略強調句型中的that

When was it (that) you ? received his e-mail? 你收到他的電子郵件是什么時候？

在以 if, when, while, though, ? as if等連詞引導的從句中，如從句中的主要動詞是 be，常將主語和動詞 be 省略

If (it is) necessary, we ? shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我們就往家里打電報。

While (you are) cycling, ? don’t forget the traffic lights. 騎車時，不要忘記看紅綠燈。

Henry looked around as if ? (he were) in search of something. 亨利向四周環(huán)視，似乎在尋找什么。

在口語中，為了避免重復，不定式可以省去和前面句子相同的動詞，只保留不定式符號to

You may go home if you ? wish to (go home).

如果你愿意，你可以回家了。

由固定詞組引導的疑問句

How about playing ? football? 去踢球怎么樣？

Why not go there with us? 為什么不和我們一起去？

用so, not等來代替上文或問句中的一部分或整個句意

— Can he finish the work ? on time?? — I think so. (I think he can ? finish the work on time.) 他能按時完成工作嗎？我認為他能。

并列復合句中一些相同的成分可以省略

We tried to help her but ? (we tried) in vain. 我們試著幫助她，但是沒有用。

This clock works well but ? that one doesn’t (work well). 這個鐘表運行得很好，但是那個不行。

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考點練透

一、完成句子 根據句意或括號中所給的提示完成句子。

1. Not until ___________ (I; shout) at the top of my voice ___________ (he; turn) his head.

2. I won the prize at last. Never in my life ___________ (I; feel) so happy.

3. Hardly ___________ (the thief; see) the police ___________ he ran away.

4. — Hurry up! There ___________ (the bell; go).

— My goodness! Has Mrs. Li come yet?

— Look! Here ___________ (she; come).

5. Not only ___________ (he; like) singing, but ___________ (he; have) a good voice.

6. — David has passed the final exam smoothly.

— So ___________ (he; have), and ___________ (I; have).

7. So ___________ (he; be frightened) in the darkness that he did not dare to move an inch.

8. Up ___________ (the balloon; go) into the air.

9. At the foot of the mountain ___________ (a village; lie).

10. I have tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ___________ (the teacher; be satisfied) with my progress.

11. If Joe’s wife doesn’t go to the party, neither ___________ (他也不去).

12. Should ___________ (如果明天下雨), we would have to put off the sports meeting.

13. Child ___________ (盡管只是孩子), he shows great consideration towards the others.

14. — Mike hadn’t passed the exam and was afraid of being scolded.

— ___________ (我也一樣).

15. ________________________ (我們一聽到鈴聲) than we rushed into the classroom.

16. — He hasn’t finished the work yet.

— Well, he _____________________ (本該完成).

17. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ___________ (see) whether he was going in the right direction.

18. — Is your mother a teacher?

— No, but she ___________ (過去是).

19. — Do you know Anna’s telephone number?

— ___________ (恐怕不知). As a matter of fact, I don’t know anything about Anna.

20. — Who should be responsible fro the accident?

— The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order ___________ (按被告訴的).

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二、語法填空 閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。

Dear friends,

I am happy to give a talk, sharing what I learnt about first aid.

First aid is the timely treatment ???1 ???(give) to the injured before doctors come.

Students ???2 ???we are, we should prepare for an emergency by learning something about first aid, ???3 ???is urgently needed in some accidents. For example, if someone ???4 ???(suffer) from a sprained ankle while doing sports, the best way to treat ???5 ???is to put an ice pack or cold water on his ankle.

When ???6 ???(treat) a cut, we should take immediate action to clean the wound and stop the bleeding. Call 120 if the injury is too severe to deal with.

Besides, keeping a first-aid kit ???7 ???(hand) is a wise choice. Of course, the kit is supposed to contain necessary items that can deal with a variety of emergencies.

In conclusion, knowing how to perform first aid is of great importance in our daily life, which sometimes means a total difference ???8 ???life and death. Only ???9 ???a cool mind and adequate knowledge of first aid can we offer a helping hand ???10 ???necessary.

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三、佳作欣賞 下面是一篇摘自全國英語高考書面表達的范文，文中有許多精彩且靈活的語言表達，其中也包含有倒裝結構和省略結構，用心體會其用法。

A special relay race was held for Senior Three on the school playground on Wednesday, October 22. Compared with traditional relay race, this activity adopted a new rule, which allowed 20 runners in each team and required that each runner covered 200 meters. Twelve classes in our grade were divided into two groups to compete with each other, with Class Two winning the championship in the end. When asked how they felt about the competition, students all considered this new activity to be interesting and meaningful. More importantly, not only did the activity increase students’ interest in doing exercise, but it also strengthened their love for their class.

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參考答案

考點練透

一、完成句子

1. I shouted; did he turn? 2. have I felt? 3. had the thief seen; when? 4. goes the bell; she comes? 5. does he; he has? 6. he has; so have I? 7. frightened was he? 8. went the balloon? 9. lies a village? 10. is the teacher satisfied? 11. will he? 12. it rain tomorrow? 13. as/though he is? 14. So it was with me.? 15. No sooner had we heard the ring? 16. should/ought to have? 17. to see? 18. used to be? 19. I’m afraid not? 20. as told

二、語法填空

這是一篇發(fā)言稿。作者主要介紹對于各種緊急情況，我們（學生）該如何正確是進行適當的急救，同時也告訴我們急救的重要性和意義。

1. given? 考查非謂語動詞。分析句子成分可知，此空是個非謂語。treatment與give存在被動關系，故填過去分詞構成過去分詞短語作后置定語。

2. as? 考查連接詞和倒裝句。此空后是兩個分句，一定是填連接詞。根據整句句意可知，此處存在一個讓步關系，此外Students ??2? ?we are是個倒裝句型，故只能填as(意為“雖然/盡管”)。語法：as引導的讓步狀語從句必須用倒裝結構。

3. which? 考查連接詞。引導非限定性定語從句，補充說明前面的first aid。

4. suffers? 考查謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此處suffer作謂語，考慮時態(tài)和語態(tài)；根據上下文時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，語態(tài)是主動，主語是第三人稱單數。故填suffers。

5. it? 考查代詞。缺少賓語填代詞，it指代前面的sprained ankle.

6. treating? 考查非謂語動詞。分析句子成分可知，動詞treat并無主語，故在此處肯定是作非謂語。而treat的邏輯主語是we，故填現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

7. handy? 考查此類轉換。作賓補用形容詞，handy意為“便利的，容易取得的”。

8. between? 考查介詞。習慣搭配between…and…意為“在……和……之間”。

9. with? 考查介詞和倒裝句。常用句型，only with…意為“只有具備……”。Only位于句首要用倒裝結構。

10. when? 考查連接詞。根據句意可知，此處理應填一個表時間的連接詞。when necessary是個省略結構，完整應該是when it is necessary，when引導時間狀語從句。

助讀詞匯

timely adj. 及時的?????????????? emergency n. 緊急情況

urgently adv. 迫切地???????????? severe adj. 嚴重的

perform vt. 執(zhí)行???????????????? adequate adj. 足夠的；充足的

sprained ankle 裸關節(jié)扭傷??????? ice pack 冰袋

first-aid kit 急救箱?????????????? be supposed to 理應

necessary items 必須物品???????? a variety of 各種各樣的

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