??????? 足球規(guī)則從它們的引入開始就不斷被調(diào)整和完善。越位規(guī)則也不例外。今天，越位的定義很簡單：在傳球的那一刻，進攻球員在對方的半場必須在球的后面或與球齊平（回傳或橫傳），否則必須有兩個防守球員在進攻者和球門之間（向前傳球的情況）。

??????? 這是一個非常平衡的規(guī)則，似乎對進攻方和防守方都很公平。不過，情況并非一直如此。事實上，雖然近一個世紀以來幾乎沒有觸及過（untouched），但越位規(guī)則已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了多次修訂。

??????? 在最初的英足總規(guī)則手冊中，如果一名球員在球被踢出時在球的前面，那么他就是越位。沒有“如果”、“但是”或“也許”,這個球員是否得到傳球甚至都不重要。這并沒有真正促進更多傳球或者進球的發(fā)生。這樣做的目的是為了防止進攻方在對方球門附近徘徊，但結(jié)果卻造成了一場低進球、沉悶的場面。
??????? 因此，在1866年，第一次修訂足球規(guī)則時提出當(dāng)球被踢出時如果進攻球員在球的后面，或者在球員和球員進攻的球門之間有三名對手球員，那么進攻球員就不會被判越位。這三名球員包括了守門員，但這仍然鼓勵非常謹慎的足球。

?????? 1903年，“干擾比賽”（interfering with play）的概念被引入，這中創(chuàng)造了一個灰色地帶，直到今天仍然存在。這意味著如果一名球員沒有參與或影響比賽，那么就不會越位。

?????? 1925年，為了追求更具進攻性的比賽，進攻球員和球門之間需要的后衛(wèi)人數(shù)從3人減少到2人。從那之后，越位規(guī)則就沒有太大的改變了。

????? 不過，也做了一些微調(diào)。例如，1990年世界杯之后，規(guī)定進攻球員可以與防守者保持平等，并仍然不處于越位位置。這是另一個有利于進攻方的措施。

???? ? 然后，在21世紀初，又規(guī)定了只有當(dāng)一名球員的身體可以進球的有效部位越過越位線時，才會被判越位。

?????? 自那以后，與越位有關(guān)的創(chuàng)新就是如何裁決以及引入視頻助理裁判(VAR)，它的引入是為了對裁判判罰提供技術(shù)監(jiān)督。也許這將激發(fā)未來的調(diào)整?越來越多的技術(shù)使得官員們能夠更加精確，越位判罰就變得越來越迂腐（the more technology has allowed officials to be precise,the more pndanitic offside desisions have become）——也許這與比賽的精神背道而馳了?

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延伸：IFAB（THE INTERNATIONAL FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION BOARD）關(guān)于越位的規(guī)定

1. Offside position

It is not an offence to be in an offside position.

A player is in an offside position if:

• any part of the is in the (excluding the halfway line) and

• any part of is to the opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent

The hands and arms of all players, including the goalkeepers, are not considered. For the purposes of determining offside, the upper boundary of the arm is in line with the bottom of the armpit.

A player is not in an offside position if level with the:

• second-last opponent or

• last two opponents

2. Offside offence

A player in an offside position at the moment the ball is played or touched* by a team-mate is only penalised on becoming involved in active play by:

• interfering with play by playing or touching a passed or touched by a team-mate or

• interfering with an by:

• preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball by clearly obstructing the opponent’s line of or

• challenging an opponent for the ball or

• to play a ball which is close ?when this action impacts on an opponent or

• making which clearly impacts on the ability of an opponent to play the ball

or

• gaining an advantage by playing the ball or interfering with an opponent when it has:

• rebounded or been deflected off the goalpost, crossbar or an opponent

• been deliberately saved by any opponent

A player in an offside position receiving the ball from an opponent who deliberately plays the ball, including by deliberate handball, is not considered to have gained an advantage, unless it was a deliberate save by any opponent.?

A ‘save’ is when a player stops, or attempts to stop, a ball which is going into or very close to the goal with any part of the body except the hands/arms (unless the goalkeeper within the penalty area).

In situations where:

• a player moving from, or standing in, an offside position is in the way of an opponent and interferes with the movement of the opponent towards the ball this is an offside offence if it impacts on the ability of the opponent to play or challenge for the ball; if the player moves into the way of an opponent and impedes the opponent's progress (e.g blocks the opponent) the offence should be penalised under Law 12

• a player in an offside position is moving towards the ball with the intention of playing the ball and is fouled before playing or attempting to play the ball, or challenging an opponent for the ball, the foul is penalised as it has occurred before the offside offence

• an offence is committed against a player in an offside position who is already playing or attempting to play the ball, or challenging an opponent for the ball, the offside offence is penalised as it has occurred before the foul challenge

*The first point of contact of the 'play' or 'touch' of the ball should be used

3. No offence

There is no offside offence if a player receives the ball directly from:

• a goal kick

• a throw-in

• a corner kick

4. Offences?and sanctions

If an offside offence occurs, the referee awards an indirect free kick where the offence occurred, including if it is in the player’s own half of the field of play.

A defending player who leaves the field of play without the referee’s permission shall be considered to be on the goal line or touchline for the purposes of offside until the next stoppage in play or until the defending team has played the ball towards the halfway line and it is outside its penalty area. If the player left the field of play deliberately, the player must be cautioned when the ball is next out of play.

An attacking player may step or stay off the field of play not to be involved in active play. If the player re-enters from the goal line and becomes involved in play before the next stoppage in play, or the defending team has played the ball towards the halfway line and it is outside its penalty area, the player shall be considered to be positioned on the goal line for the purposes of offside. A player who deliberately leaves the field of play and re-enters without the referee’s permission and is not penalised for offside and gains an advantage, must be cautioned.

If an attacking player remains stationary between the goalposts and inside the goal as the ball enters the goal, a goal must be awarded unless the player commits an offside offence or Law 12 offence in which case play is restarted with an indirect or direct free kick.