聲明：本專欄主要對(duì)生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一些期刊文章標(biāo)題進(jìn)行翻譯，所有內(nèi)容均由本人手工整理翻譯。由于本人專業(yè)為生物分析相關(guān)，其他領(lǐng)域如果出現(xiàn)翻譯錯(cuò)誤請(qǐng)諒解。

1.Exoplanet destruction. As stars evolve, they expand and so will engulf planets in close orbit around them. This planetary catastrophe is expected to generate powerful luminous ejections of mass from the star, although this has not been observed directly. In this week’s issue, Kishalay De and his colleagues present observations of a short-lived optical outburst in the Galactic disk accompanied by bright, long-lived infrared emission. The combination of low optical luminosity and radiated energy suggests that the source of the outburst was the engulfment of a planet by its Sun-like star — an event that awaits Earth and the other planets of the inner Solar System in about 5 billion years, and that is captured in the artist’s impression on the cover.

系外行星的毀滅。隨著恒星的演化，它們會(huì)膨脹，從而吞沒圍繞它們的近距離軌道上的行星。這場(chǎng)行星災(zāi)難預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)從恒星產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大的光亮質(zhì)量噴射，盡管這尚未被直接觀察到。在本周的期刊中，Kishalay De 和他的同事展示了對(duì)銀盤中短暫的光學(xué)爆發(fā)的觀測(cè)結(jié)果，并伴有明亮、長(zhǎng)壽命的紅外發(fā)射。低光度和輻射能量的結(jié)合表明，爆發(fā)的根源是一顆行星被其類太陽恒星吞沒——這一事件將在大約 50 億年后等待地球和內(nèi)太陽系的其他行星，并且這在封面上捕捉到了藝術(shù)家的印象。

2.Human pangenome. The human reference genome has been the backbone of human genomics since the release of the draft sequence in 2001. But it has its limitations: one genome cannot hope to capture the diversity of the human species. In this week’s issue, the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium presents the first draft human pangenome, which combines genetic material from 47 genetically diverse individuals to provide a more complete picture of the human genome. Two additional papers use this new resource to study regions of the genome that include repetitive DNA: one looking at segmental duplications, the other at the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes. These results come from an early stage in the pangenome project, which ultimately aims to capture the genetic diversity of at least 350 individuals. The cover shows the pangenome wrapping a globe and uses a sequence tube map rendering of a pangenome graph relating ten haplotypes within the highly variable HLA-A locus on chromosome 6 created by Adam Novak at the University of California, Santa Cruz.

人類泛基因組。自2001年發(fā)布序列草案以來，人類參考基因組一直是人類基因組學(xué)的支柱。但它也有其局限性：一個(gè)基因組無法指望捕獲人類物種的多樣性。在本周的期刊中，人類泛基因組參考聯(lián)盟提出了人類泛基因組的第一份草案，該草案結(jié)合了來自 47 個(gè)遺傳多樣性個(gè)體的遺傳物質(zhì)，以提供更完整的人類基因組圖景。另外兩篇論文利用這一新資源來研究包含重復(fù) DNA 的基因組區(qū)域：一篇研究片段重復(fù)，另一篇研究近端著絲粒染色體的短臂。這些結(jié)果來自泛基因組項(xiàng)目的早期階段，該項(xiàng)目的最終目標(biāo)是捕獲至少 350 個(gè)個(gè)體的遺傳多樣性。封面顯示了包裹地球的泛基因組，并使用序列管圖繪制了泛基因組圖，該圖與加州大學(xué)圣克魯斯分校的 Adam Novak 創(chuàng)建的 6 號(hào)染色體上高度可變的 HLA-A 基因座內(nèi)的 10 個(gè)單倍型相關(guān)。

3.Raging bulls. The cover shows an artist’s impression of two male mammoths fighting. During episodes of musth, adult male elephants undergo periods of elevated testosterone levels associated with aggression and competition for mating. In this week’s issue, Michael Cherney and his colleagues show that male woolly mammoths (Mammuthus primigenius) experienced similar episodes of musth. The researchers focused on tusks, which provide a record of growth in their layers of dentin. Using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, the team was able to reconstruct hormone records using dentin extracted from modern elephant and prehistoric mammoth tusks. The results revealed similar testosterone fluctuations in the male mammoth as those associated with musth in the record for the male African elephant.

憤怒的公牛。封面展示了兩只雄性猛犸象打斗的藝術(shù)印象。在發(fā)情期間，成年雄性大象會(huì)經(jīng)歷與攻擊性和交配競(jìng)爭(zhēng)相關(guān)的睪丸激素水平升高的時(shí)期。在本周的期刊中，邁克爾·切爾尼（Michael Cherney）和他的同事表明，雄性猛犸象（Mammuthus primigenius）也經(jīng)歷過類似的發(fā)情期。研究人員重點(diǎn)關(guān)注象牙，它提供了牙本質(zhì)層的生長(zhǎng)記錄。使用液相色譜法和串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法，研究小組能夠利用從現(xiàn)代大象和史前猛犸象牙中提取的牙本質(zhì)重建激素記錄。結(jié)果顯示，雄性猛犸象的睪丸激素波動(dòng)與雄性非洲象記錄中與發(fā)情期相關(guān)的波動(dòng)相似。

4.Bending the rules. Flexible solar cells have great potential for photovoltaics integrated into buildings or in wearable electronics. But silicon-based solar cells tend to be too brittle to offer sufficient flexibility. In this week’s issue, Wenzhu Liu and colleagues present a way to make foldable silicon wafers that can be used in flexible solar cells. The secret to success was to blunt the edges of the silicon wafers, thereby stopping them from undergoing brittle fracturing. As a result, the researchers were able to make 15-centimetre solar cells with a bending angle of more than 360°. The team suggests that this process could be used in the large-scale manufacture of flexible cells that could have a wide range of uses, such as powering street lights as shown in the artist’s impression on the cover.

打破規(guī)則。柔性太陽能電池在將光伏發(fā)電集成到建筑物或可穿戴電子產(chǎn)品中具有巨大潛力。但硅基太陽能電池往往太脆，無法提供足夠的靈活性。在本周的期刊中，Wenzhu Liu 及其同事提出了一種制造可用于柔性太陽能電池的可折疊硅晶圓的方法。成功的秘訣是鈍化硅片的邊緣，從而阻止它們發(fā)生脆性斷裂。結(jié)果，研究人員能夠制造出彎曲角度超過360°的15厘米太陽能電池。該團(tuán)隊(duì)建議，這一工藝可用于大規(guī)模制造柔性電池，這些電池具有廣泛的用途，例如為路燈供電，如封面上藝術(shù)家的印象所示。

5.Africa-led group generates lablab crop genome.

非洲領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的小組生成了lablab作物基因組。

6.Planet swallowed after venturing too close to its star.

行星因過于靠近恒星而被吞噬。

7.An unexpected timer for cell division.

意想不到的細(xì)胞分裂定時(shí)器。

8.Bright light coaxed from electrically driven quantum dots.

電力驅(qū)動(dòng)的量子點(diǎn)發(fā)出明亮的光。

9.Enzyme lights dual fires to promote cancer.

酶點(diǎn)燃雙火促進(jìn)癌癥。

10.Reappraising the palaeobiology of Australopithecus.

重新評(píng)估南方古猿的古生物學(xué)。

11.An infrared transient from a star engulfing a planet.

恒星吞噬行星時(shí)產(chǎn)生的紅外瞬變。

12.Quantum critical dynamics in a 5,000-qubit programmable spin glass.

5,000 量子位可編程自旋玻璃中的量子臨界動(dòng)力學(xué)。

13.Two-dimensional ferroelectricity in a single-element bismuth monolayer.

單元素鉍單層中的二維鐵電性。

14.Photo-induced high-temperature ferromagnetism in YTiO3.

YTiO3 中光致高溫鐵磁性。

15.Electrically driven amplified spontaneous emission from colloidal quantum dots.

膠體量子點(diǎn)的電驅(qū)動(dòng)放大自發(fā)發(fā)射。

16.Tracking cubic ice at molecular resolution.

以分子分辨率追蹤立方冰。

17.Helical polymers for dissymmetric circularly polarized light imaging.

用于不對(duì)稱圓偏振光成像的螺旋聚合物。

18.Bipolar impact and phasing of Heinrich-type climate variability.

海因里希型氣候變率的兩極影響和階段性。

19.Rapid, buoyancy-driven ice-sheet retreat of hundreds of metres per day.

在浮力驅(qū)動(dòng)下，冰蓋每天快速后退數(shù)百米。

20.Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests.

流域范圍內(nèi)樹木水力安全裕度的變化預(yù)測(cè)了亞馬遜森林的碳平衡。

21.Reducing brassinosteroid signalling enhances grain yield in semi-dwarf wheat.

減少油菜素類固醇信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)可提高半矮化小麥的籽粒產(chǎn)量。

22.Dynamic synchronization between hippocampal representations and stepping.

海馬表征和步進(jìn)之間的動(dòng)態(tài)同步。

23.Export of defensive glucosinolates is key for their accumulation in seeds.

防御性芥子油苷的出口是其在種子中積累的關(guān)鍵。

24.PI3Kβ controls immune evasion in PTEN-deficient breast tumours.

PI3Kβ 控制 PTEN 缺陷型乳腺腫瘤的免疫逃避。

25.RBFOX2 modulates a metastatic signature of alternative splicing in pancreatic cancer.

RBFOX2 調(diào)節(jié)胰腺癌選擇性剪接的轉(zhuǎn)移特征。

26.Alternative CDC20 translational isoforms tune mitotic arrest duration.

替代的 CDC20 翻譯亞型可調(diào)節(jié)有絲分裂停滯持續(xù)時(shí)間。

27.Visualizing the disordered nuclear transport machinery in situ.

原位可視化無序的核運(yùn)輸機(jī)制。

28.Lesion recognition by XPC, TFIIH and XPA in DNA excision repair.

DNA 切除修復(fù)中 XPC、TFIIH 和 XPA 的病變識(shí)別。

29.De novo design of protein interactions with learned surface fingerprints.

蛋白質(zhì)與學(xué)習(xí)的表面指紋相互作用的從頭設(shè)計(jì)。

30.Structural basis of BAM-mediated outer membrane β-barrel protein assembly.

BAM 介導(dǎo)的外膜 β-桶蛋白組裝的結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)。

31.Cryptochrome–Timeless structure reveals circadian clock timing mechanisms.

隱花色素——永恒的結(jié)構(gòu)揭示了生物鐘計(jì)時(shí)機(jī)制。

32.mRNA decoding in human is kinetically and structurally distinct from bacteria.

人類的 mRNA 解碼在動(dòng)力學(xué)和結(jié)構(gòu)上與細(xì)菌不同。

33.A redrawn map for the human motor cortex.

重新繪制的人類運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層圖。

34.Superconducting qubits cover new distances.

超導(dǎo)量子位覆蓋了新的距離。

35.Human pangenome supports analysis of complex genomic regions.

人類泛基因組支持復(fù)雜基因組區(qū)域的分析。

36.Salty seas sway global glacial cycles.

咸海影響著全球冰川周期。

37.COVID pandemic increased racial disparities in US prison populations.

新冠疫情大流行加劇了美國(guó)監(jiān)獄人口的種族差異。

38.Compact [C II] emitters around a C IV absorption complex at redshift 5.7.

C IV 吸收復(fù)合物周圍的緊湊型 [C II] 發(fā)射器，紅移為 5.7。

39.Loophole-free Bell inequality violation with superconducting circuits.

超導(dǎo)電路無漏洞貝爾不等式違規(guī)。

40.Many-body cavity quantum electrodynamics with driven inhomogeneous emitters.

具有驅(qū)動(dòng)非均勻發(fā)射器的多體腔量子電動(dòng)力學(xué)。

41.Partitioning of diluted anyons reveals their braiding statistics.

稀釋任意子的劃分揭示了它們的編織統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。

42.Tunable electron–flexural phonon interaction in graphene heterostructures.

石墨烯異質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)中可調(diào)諧電子-彎曲聲子相互作用。

43.Concurrent self-assembly of RGB microLEDs for next-generation displays.

用于下一代顯示器的 RGB microLED 的并行自組裝。

44.High-throughput printing of combinatorial materials from aerosols.

從氣溶膠中高通量打印組合材料。

45.Near-frictionless ion transport within triazine framework membranes.

三嗪骨架膜內(nèi)近乎無摩擦的離子傳輸。

46.Indian Ocean salinity build-up primes deglacial ocean circulation recovery.

印度洋鹽度的增加引發(fā)了冰消洋環(huán)流的恢復(fù)。

47.A draft human pangenome reference.

人類泛基因組參考草案。

48.Increased mutation and gene conversion within human segmental duplications.

人類片段重復(fù)中突變和基因轉(zhuǎn)換增加。

49.Recombination between heterologous human acrocentric chromosomes.

異源人類近端著絲粒染色體之間的重組。

50.COVID-19 amplified racial disparities in the US criminal legal system.

COVID-19 加劇了美國(guó)刑事法律體系中的種族差異。

51.A somato-cognitive action network alternates with effector regions in motor cortex.

軀體認(rèn)知?jiǎng)幼骶W(wǎng)絡(luò)與運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層中的效應(yīng)器區(qū)域交替。

52.Learnable latent embeddings for joint behavioural and neural analysis.

用于聯(lián)合行為和神經(jīng)分析的可學(xué)習(xí)潛在嵌入。

53.Inhibitory input directs astrocyte morphogenesis through glial GABABR.

抑制輸入通過神經(jīng)膠質(zhì) GABABR 指導(dǎo)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞形態(tài)發(fā)生。

54.Targeting PD-L2–RGMb overcomes microbiome-related immunotherapy resistance.

靶向 PD-L2–RGMb 克服了微生物組相關(guān)的免疫治療耐藥性。

55.A druggable copper-signalling pathway that drives inflammation.

一種可驅(qū)動(dòng)炎癥的可藥物銅信號(hào)通路。

56.Noncoding translation mitigation.

非編碼翻譯緩解。

57.Complete integration of carbene-transfer chemistry into biosynthesis.

將卡賓轉(zhuǎn)移化學(xué)完全整合到生物合成中。

58.Structural atlas of a human gut crassvirus.

人類腸道粗病毒的結(jié)構(gòu)圖譜。

59.Ligand and G-protein selectivity in the κ-opioid receptor.

κ-阿片受體中的配體和 G 蛋白選擇性。

60.Quantifying the carbon benefits of ending bottom trawling.

量化結(jié)束底拖網(wǎng)捕撈的碳效益。

61.Reply to: Quantifying the carbon benefits of ending bottom trawling.

回復(fù)：量化結(jié)束底拖網(wǎng)捕撈的碳效益。

62.Ink that mimics the colour of incoming light.

模仿入射光顏色的墨水。

63.Clues to how water splits during photosynthesis.

關(guān)于水在光合作用過程中如何分裂的線索。

64.How thought itself can drive tumour growth.

思想本身如何驅(qū)動(dòng)腫瘤生長(zhǎng)。

65.Severe hepatitis outbreak in children linked to AAV2 virus.

與 AAV2 病毒相關(guān)的兒童嚴(yán)重肝炎爆發(fā)。

66.Organic catalyst opens way to energy-efficient chlorine production.

有機(jī)催化劑為節(jié)能氯生產(chǎn)開辟了道路。

67.5G networks enable automated control of train traffic.

5G 網(wǎng)絡(luò)可實(shí)現(xiàn)列車交通的自動(dòng)控制。

68.A radio-detected type Ia supernova with helium-rich circumstellar material.

一顆無線電探測(cè)到的 Ia 型超新星，具有富含氦的星周物質(zhì)。

69.Photochemically produced SO2 in the atmosphere of WASP-39b.

WASP-39b 大氣中光化學(xué)產(chǎn)生 SO2。

70.Nodeless electron pairing in CsV3Sb5-derived kagome superconductors.

CsV3Sb5 衍生的 kagome 超導(dǎo)體中的無節(jié)點(diǎn)電子配對(duì)。

71.Anomalous intense coherent secondary photoemission from a perovskite oxide.

鈣鈦礦氧化物的異常強(qiáng)相干二次光電子發(fā)射。

72.Photochromism from wavelength-selective colloidal phase segregation.

波長(zhǎng)選擇性膠體相分離產(chǎn)生的光致變色。

73.Mapping internal temperatures during high-rate battery applications.

繪制高倍率電池應(yīng)用期間的內(nèi)部溫度圖。

74.A 3D printable alloy designed for extreme environments.

專為極端環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)的 3D 打印合金。

75.CO2-mediated organocatalytic chlorine evolution under industrial conditions.

工業(yè)條件下二氧化碳介導(dǎo)的有機(jī)催化氯析出。

76.Promoting active site renewal in heterogeneous olefin metathesis catalysts.

促進(jìn)非均相烯烴復(fù)分解催化劑的活性位點(diǎn)更新。

77.Human-induced weakening of the Northern Hemisphere tropical circulation.

人為引起的北半球熱帶環(huán)流減弱。

78.Testosterone histories from tusks reveal woolly mammoth musth episodes.

象牙中的睪丸激素歷史揭示了猛犸象的發(fā)情現(xiàn)象。

79.Widespread somatic L1 retrotransposition in normal colorectal epithelium.

正常結(jié)直腸上皮中廣泛存在的體細(xì)胞 L1 逆轉(zhuǎn)座。

80.Long-range inhibition synchronizes and updates prefrontal task activity.

長(zhǎng)程抑制同步并更新前額葉任務(wù)活動(dòng)。

81.Adeno-associated virus 2 infection in children with non-A–E hepatitis.

患有非甲-戊型肝炎的兒童中腺相關(guān)病毒 2 感染。

82.Genomic investigations of unexplained acute hepatitis in children.

兒童不明原因急性肝炎的基因組研究。

83.Adeno-associated virus type 2 in US children with acute severe hepatitis.

美國(guó)急性重型肝炎兒童中的 2 型腺相關(guān)病毒。

84.Profiling the human intestinal environment under physiological conditions.

分析生理?xiàng)l件下的人體腸道環(huán)境。

85.SARS-CoV-2 Omicron boosting induces de novo B cell response in humans.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 增強(qiáng)劑可誘導(dǎo)人類從頭 B 細(xì)胞反應(yīng)。

86.Glioblastoma remodelling of human neural circuits decreases survival.

膠質(zhì)母細(xì)胞瘤對(duì)人類神經(jīng)回路的重塑會(huì)降低存活率。

87.Peroxisome biogenesis initiated by protein phase separation.

由蛋白質(zhì)相分離啟動(dòng)的過氧化物酶體生物發(fā)生。

88.Formin-mediated nuclear actin at androgen receptors promotes transcription.

雄激素受體上福爾明介導(dǎo)的核肌動(dòng)蛋白促進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)錄。

89.The electron–proton bottleneck of photosynthetic oxygen evolution.

光合作用析氧的電子-質(zhì)子瓶頸。

90.Structural evidence for intermediates during O2 formation in photosystem II.

光系統(tǒng) II 中 O2 形成過程中中間體的結(jié)構(gòu)證據(jù)。

91.Phosphate-storing organelle discovered in fruit flies.

在果蠅中發(fā)現(xiàn)儲(chǔ)存磷酸鹽的細(xì)胞器。

92.Photon lights a path towards a nuclear clock.

光子照亮了通往核鐘的道路。

93.A clue to the catalytic activation of splicing.

剪接催化激活的線索。

94.Cocktails of tags enhance resolution of microscopy technique.

標(biāo)簽混合物提高了顯微鏡技術(shù)的分辨率。

95.A step closer to making the mother of stem cells.

距離制造干細(xì)胞之母又近了一步。

96.From the archive: aggressive anemones, and Louis Pasteur’s birthday.

檔案中的內(nèi)容：攻擊性的?？吐芬姿埂ぐ退沟碌纳?。

97.Molecular basis for muscle loss that causes cachexia.

導(dǎo)致惡病質(zhì)的肌肉損失的分子基礎(chǔ)。

98.Lead immobilization for environmentally sustainable perovskite solar cells.

用于環(huán)境可持續(xù)的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的鉛固定。

99.Atmospheric molecular blobs shape up circumstellar envelopes of AGB stars.

大氣分子團(tuán)形成了 AGB 恒星的星周包膜。

100.A temperate Earth-sized planet with tidal heating transiting an M6 star.

一顆地球大小的溫帶行星，具有潮汐加熱，凌日于 M6 恒星。

101.Observation of the radiative decay of the 229Th nuclear clock isomer.

第229號(hào)核鐘異構(gòu)體輻射衰變的觀察。

102.?ngstr?m-resolution fluorescence microscopy.

埃分辨率熒光顯微鏡。

103.Flexible solar cells based on foldable silicon wafers with blunted edges.

基于具有鈍邊的可折疊硅片的柔性太陽能電池。

104.Constrained C2 adsorbate orientation enables CO-to-acetate electroreduction.

受約束的 C2 吸附物方向可實(shí)現(xiàn) CO 電還原為乙酸鹽。

105.Catalytic disconnection of C–O bonds in epoxy resins and composites.

環(huán)氧樹脂和復(fù)合材料中 C-O 鍵的催化斷裂。

106.Increased heat risk in wet climate induced by urban humid heat.

城市濕熱導(dǎo)致潮濕氣候中的高溫風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。

107.The lunar solid inner core and the mantle overturn.

月球固體內(nèi)核和地幔翻轉(zhuǎn)。

108.De novo evolution of macroscopic multicellularity.

宏觀多細(xì)胞生物的從頭進(jìn)化。

109.A weakly structured stem for human origins in Africa.

人類起源于非洲的弱結(jié)構(gòu)詞干。

110.GWAS and meta-analysis identifies 49 genetic variants underlying critical COVID-19.

GWAS 和薈萃分析確定了關(guān)鍵性 COVID-19 背后的 49 種基因變異。

111.Cortico-cortical feedback engages active dendrites in visual cortex.

皮質(zhì)-皮質(zhì)反饋參與視覺皮層中的活躍樹突。

112.Multisensory learning binds neurons into a cross-modal memory engram.

多感官學(xué)習(xí)將神經(jīng)元綁定到跨模式記憶印跡中。

113.A pan-grass transcriptome reveals patterns of cellular divergence in crops.

全草轉(zhuǎn)錄組揭示了作物細(xì)胞分化的模式。

114.Induction of mouse totipotent stem cells by a defined chemical cocktail.

通過確定的化學(xué)混合物誘導(dǎo)小鼠全能干細(xì)胞。

115.A phosphate-sensing organelle regulates phosphate and tissue homeostasis.

磷酸鹽感應(yīng)細(xì)胞器調(diào)節(jié)磷酸鹽和組織穩(wěn)態(tài)。

116.Microbial peptides activate tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in glioblastoma.

微生物肽激活膠質(zhì)母細(xì)胞瘤中的腫瘤浸潤(rùn)淋巴細(xì)胞。

117.Lysine catabolism reprograms tumour immunity through histone crotonylation.

賴氨酸分解代謝通過組蛋白巴豆?；匦戮幊棠[瘤免疫。

118.EDA2R–NIK signalling promotes muscle atrophy linked to cancer cachexia.

EDA2R-NIK 信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)促進(jìn)與癌癥惡病質(zhì)相關(guān)的肌肉萎縮。

119.RNA conformational propensities determine cellular activity.

RNA 構(gòu)象傾向決定細(xì)胞活性。

120.Structural basis of catalytic activation in human splicing.

人體剪接催化激活的結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)。