Section B( 20 minutes， 10 points)?

Directions：In each of the following passages， five sentences have been removed from the original tex. They are lite d from A to F and put below the passage. Choose the most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks (numbered 66 to 75) .For each passage， there is ore sentence that does not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.?

Passage One?

Europe's social services face a challenging time. Angela Merkel is fond of saying that Europe has 7%of the world's population， 25%of its wealth and 50%of its welfare spending.(66)?

The first challenge is to tap our collective intelligence. There are many tools available to involve more people in the design and implementation of social care policies， through platforms such as challenges. org. At their best these draw on the experiences and expertise of service users and frontline workers to help solve problems. They put people at the center of designing social services.?

The second challenge cis to commit to experimentation.(67) Some governments， with Finland and Canada a the vanguard， are exploring alternative to top-down national policies. They---along with Scotland and the Netherlands---are trialing innovative schemes such as universal basic income， in the hope that they will find simpler， fairer way of supporting citizens without discouraging them from paid employment or voluntary work?

Third， govemments need to make the most of digital technology.(68)?

Fourth， governments need to be smarter about data.(69) Some local authorities are showing what can be done Hackney council， for example， is working with Xanthuria develop an artificial intelligence model that can identify children at increased risk of ending up in statutory children's social care， so they can get better support--- improving lives and saving money.?

(70) India's biometric identity card Aadhaar has transformed access to financial services for poorer communities， but it has also made it possible for the govemment to offer loans direct to citizens that can be repaid through the tax system.?

A.We're used to the integration of technology with everyday activities such as shopping， travel and transport but similar platforms can also be used for public services?

B.No one knows what social care models wilworkbestin10or 20 years ‘time--the only way to find out is by experimenting?

C.Around the world there are many examples of even more radical change that prove the public sector can innovate where there's the will.?

D.If the continent is to avoid a continued period of stagnation and austerity， it will need to explore more radical options.?

E.Data is at the heart of private sector business models， but governments and NGOs have been much slower to realise how data can help them.?

F.These innovations all have a shared ethos：a spirit of learning by doing， testing ideas out on a small scale and then improving them.

Passage Two?

A debate has erupted within medicine over how to ensure that physicians maintain their clinical skills throughout their careers. The American Board of? Internal Medicine(ABIM) has long required internists to pass Maintenance of Certification exams every 10 years to keep their board-certified status.(71) In response， the ABIM announced it would offer a new assessment option starting in January 2018， allowing doctors to be recertified through shorter， but more frequent， assessments.(72) In fact， it raises a couple of important questions：Are assessment seven the most effective way to incentivize doctors to keep up with the latest medical knowledge and new technologies? Why don’t we directly measure physicians’ y of care and patient outcomes as they grow older??

While there is some evidence that physicians’ clinical knowledge， adherence with up-to-date standards of care and performance on process measures may wane as they get older， little is known about whether and how age impacts physicians ‘practice and their patient outcomes.(73) On the other hand， scientific knowledge， technology， and clinical guidelines change so regularly that keeping up with them and incorporating them into clinical practice c can be overwhelming.?

As the physician workforce in the U.S. ages(approximately one-fifth of U.S. physicians are over 65 years old and the size of the group has increase cd 27%since 2005) ， it becomes even more important to understand how physician age might relate to patient outcomes .( 74?

The relationship between physician age and patient cut comes has not been empirically studied at a largescale (75) In our study， which was recently published in The BMJ， we found that U.S. Medicare patients treated by older physicians were more likely to die within 30 days of hospitalization， compared with patients treated by younger physicians---unless the older physicians were used to treating large numbers of patients each year?

A.We found that patients treated by older physicians experienced statistically significantly higher mortality rates than patient scared for by younger physicians?

B.This would help inform new efforts to educate older physicians and improve clinical outcomes.?

C.However， this policy has recently come under scrutiny due to its high burden to doctors and the lack of sound evidence that recertification processes improve doctors ‘quality of care.?

D.On one hand， skills and knowledge arc accumulated through experience and can improve quality of care?

E.But it's not clear that this will make much difference?

F.Therefore， we decided to investigate this issue by analyzing the outcomes of hospitalized Medicare patients and the age of their treating physicians

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