散文網(wǎng) » 生活 »日常 » Renewal-Zone：從百余年前開始講述，低技法的適應(yīng)性減碳改造︱波伏瓦路98-100

Renewal-Zone：從百余年前開始講述，低技法的適應(yīng)性減碳改造︱波伏瓦路98-100

2023-09-06 15:58 作者:REARD銳地星設(shè)計(jì) 0人讀過 | 我要投稿

波伏瓦路98-100是Henley Halebrown在既有建筑的適應(yīng)性再利用方面的又一力作，項(xiàng)目平衡了保護(hù)、表現(xiàn)、重塑或激活的需求，詮釋出業(yè)已存在的建筑的歷史價(jià)值或年代品質(zhì)特性。

項(xiàng)目將一座19世紀(jì)中葉的工業(yè)排屋，打造成工作室辦公空間，服務(wù)于哈克尼保護(hù)區(qū)德波伏瓦鎮(zhèn)新興的創(chuàng)意行業(yè)。倫敦的這一區(qū)域多為與98-100項(xiàng)目同屬Benyon Estate的住宅區(qū)，附近的300處房產(chǎn)在過去200多年來歸屬于該發(fā)展商。因此，Henley Halebrown的設(shè)計(jì)側(cè)重于項(xiàng)目的社交屬性，保證建筑在改造后不僅作為工作空間使用，還是人們輕松相聚、了解彼此的地方。例如，公共區(qū)域和戶外共享空間方便人們聚集，豐富的戶外動(dòng)線也提升了空間的自然通風(fēng)和健康舒適度。

這一改造項(xiàng)目保留了磚砌、木材、鑄鐵和現(xiàn)澆混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中的大部分構(gòu)造，避免了新的隱含碳排放，體現(xiàn)出Henley Halebrown對(duì)基于工藝的低技法建筑技術(shù)的關(guān)注。如同原來的百年歷史結(jié)構(gòu)，所有新增部分都經(jīng)過精簡(jiǎn)且堅(jiān)固耐用，幾乎無需維護(hù)，是建筑傳統(tǒng)的持久品質(zhì)在當(dāng)代建筑中的傳承。項(xiàng)目與當(dāng)今市場(chǎng)中主流的商業(yè)辦公建筑形成了鮮明對(duì)比，后者往往封閉且外表光滑，運(yùn)營(yíng)成本更高且對(duì)環(huán)境有一定的挑戰(zhàn)。相反，98-100頌揚(yáng)了建筑的持久和可持續(xù)的品質(zhì)。

由于一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來不斷的擴(kuò)建和改建，直到近期波伏瓦路98-100號(hào)安靜的磚質(zhì)外墻下還隱藏著雜亂的建筑。在這種背景下，項(xiàng)目對(duì)空間進(jìn)行重塑并重新梳理內(nèi)外動(dòng)線，打造了一個(gè)由工作室空間構(gòu)成的小型辦公園區(qū)。設(shè)計(jì)營(yíng)造出兩排連鎖庭院：前院、頂蓋通道、庭院與街道區(qū)別開來，逐步將使用者重新引至由原有的粉紅色弗萊頓磚砌成的墻壁和粉紅色啞光混凝土地面組成的更安靜的戶外“房間”中。

兩棟建筑中都植入了新的樓梯，一座是 “建造”，位于100 號(hào)的另一座則是一次精心的“破壞”，靈感源于藝術(shù)家戈登·馬塔-克拉克 (Gordon Matta-Clark) 的“無政府主義建筑”和早期對(duì)環(huán)境的關(guān)注。原有的木質(zhì)樓層被一系列切口貫穿，鋼制樓梯懸掛于在方向各異的凹凸空間弧線之中。每條弧線均與曲線切線上的鋼梁交錯(cuò)。當(dāng)人們的視線轉(zhuǎn)向上方，每根托梁、地板和木梁以及每一階樓梯踏板的負(fù)空間均清晰可見。所有飾面均為淺色調(diào)，以烘托自然光線滲透至此營(yíng)造出的明暗光影。與這個(gè)“被破壞”但具有繪畫風(fēng)格的樓梯相比，98號(hào)建筑的混凝土樓梯則“建造”于一座小型的新磚木結(jié)構(gòu)中。在被保留的立面后方，新的樓梯、電梯、廚房和衛(wèi)生間為修復(fù)后的前后方建筑提供服務(wù)。翼板被鑄成半拱形，嫁接提供支撐。新的落地點(diǎn)仍位于原處。在樓梯后方，工作室由頂部點(diǎn)亮的三層體量所連接，每一層都設(shè)有混凝土的懸挑空間，頂部由輕型木構(gòu)架所圍合。

進(jìn)入較大的庭院，平衡在單行鋼柱上的涼廊新增了法式窗戶，擴(kuò)展了上方樓層的水平動(dòng)線，并為室內(nèi)外空間打造了一個(gè)宜人的門廳，提供了一條往返屋頂?shù)奶娲肪€。在其下方，另一個(gè)混凝土拱門由一根圓形混凝土柱抬升，隱藏起一段較低的樓梯。涼廊的平面布局如同競(jìng)技場(chǎng)，半圓形尾端伸入上方的空間，兩個(gè)庭院在此交匯。

兩座建筑都增加了新的樓層。位于98號(hào)的是一座新的玻璃鋼木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑，預(yù)制的白色混凝土涼廊為其阻擋西曬的影響。后方，原有的現(xiàn)澆混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)和鋼桁架得到了保留和翻新，并對(duì)采光和保溫性能進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。在100號(hào)建筑的屋頂上，一座新的廊架構(gòu)成了細(xì)長(zhǎng)的南向城市庭院。木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)是內(nèi)庭周圍相對(duì)排列的空間的特色，而在戶外這些重復(fù)的體量則覆蓋著黑色的 EPDM橡膠材料。

98-100 De Beauvoir Road continues the practice's work in the adaptive reuse of existing buildings, likening the historic or age-value qualities of pre-existing structures to "objets trouvés" by balancing the need to conserve, express, reinvent or revive what is already there.

At 98-100 this entailed the remodelling of a mid-Nineteenth Century industrial terrace into studio workspaces for emerging creative industries working from De Beauvoir Town, a Conservation Area in Hackney.? This part of London is a predominantly residential area and part of the Benyon Estate which - in addition to 98-100 - has over 200 years owned some 300 properties in the neighbourhood.? For this very reason, Henley Halebrown has emphasised the sociality of the architecture at 98-100 ensuring that the remodelled buildings are more than just a space to work but also one where people can readily meet and get to know one another.? For example, the communal areas and the shared external spaces are conducive to bringing people together.? This also applies to the generous external circulation of the scheme promoting wellbeing and natural ventilation.

This retrofit project also exemplifies Henley Halebrown's interest in craft-based, low-tech building techniques. It retains much of the fabric and embodied energy in the brickwork, timber, cast iron and in-situ concrete frame.? Like the original 100-year-old fabric, everything new is pared down and robust, so it may endure with little maintenance while illustrating how the lasting qualities of building traditions can be transferred to contemporary architecture.? 98–100 is in deliberate contrast to the hermetic and slick commercial office architecture that dominates the market and is often costly and environmentally challenging to operate. In its place 98–100 celebrates the timeless and sustainable qualities of architecture.

Until recently the calm brick facades of 98-100 De Beauvoir Road concealed a morass of building, the result of more than a century of accretions and alterations. In this context our project reshapes space and rewires the circulation both inside and out to create a small campus of studio workspaces. The design establishes a pair of interlocking courtyards removed from the street by a sequence – forecourt, covered passage, courtyard – that reorientates occupants to these quieter outdoor "rooms" lined by walls of original pink fletton brickwork, and floors laid with a matt of brushed pink concrete.

In each of the two buildings a new staircase has been made, one a construction, the other in 100, a careful destruction that takes its cue from the "Anarchitecture" of the artist Gordon Matta-Clark and an early concern for the environment. A series of cuts were made through the original timber floors. Into these variously orientated concave and convex arcs of space, steel staircases have been suspended. Each arc is trimmed by a steel beam on the tangent to the curve. Looking up, every joist, floorboard and nogging is visible, as is the negative space of each stair tread. Every surface is a pale hue emphasising the chiaroscuro effect of skylight permeating down through the section. By contrast to this "destructed" but painterly stair, the one in 98 is concrete and "constructed"?within a small new brick and timber structure. Behind a retained fa?ade the new stair, lift, kitchens and WCs serve the restored front and rear buildings. Flights are cast as half-arches, bearing one upon another. New landings are in-situ. Behind the staircase, the studios are linked by a top-lit 3-storey volume and, at each level, a cantilevered concrete gallery, with, overhead, a balloon frame of timber, enclosing these spaces.

Into the larger court, a loggia balanced on a single line of steel columns coupled with new French windows extending the horizontal circulation on the upper floors, establishes a habitable threshold between inside and out and an alternative route to and from the roof. Hovering beneath this, raised on a single circular concrete column, is another concrete arch concealing one of the lower stair flights. The plan of the loggia is like that of a hippodrome, the semi-circular ends of which project into the void above, where the two courts meet.??

Finally, a new storey has been added to both. At 98, a new glazed steel and timber structure is protected from the low sun to the west by a precast white concrete loggia. To the rear, the existing in-situ concrete structure and steel trusses were preserved and refurbished and glazing optimised for daylight and thermal performance. ?On the roof of 100, a new pavilion frames a narrow court facing south and the city. Inside, the enfilade of spaces around the court are characterised by their expressed timber structure and, outside, these repeating volumes are wrapped in black EPDM rubber.