TED演講者：Bree Jones / 布里·瓊斯

演講標題：How to revitalize a neighborhood -- without gentrification / 如何在不造成紳士化的前提下復興一個社區(qū)？

內(nèi)容概要：The housing market can be vexing: while some neighborhoods get ridiculously expensive and price out longtime residents, others have historic homes sitting vacant without demand. Equitable housing developer and TED Fellow Bree Jones shares how she found a way to revitalize neighborhoods experiencing hyper-vacancy while preventing gentrification -- supporting home buyers and transforming communities along the way.

住房市場可以令人煩惱：當一些社區(qū)的房價高到離譜，使長期居住的人們被趕走時，另一些歷史悠久的房屋卻因無購房需求而被空置。公平住房開發(fā)者和TED伙伴布里·瓊斯（Bree Jones）分享了她是如何找到一種既能復興被過度空置的社區(qū)，又能防止紳士化的方法——在支持購房者的過程中改變社區(qū)。

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【1】Picture this.

想象一下。

【2】You have the opportunity to own a beautiful home in a historic neighborhood with deep cultural roots designed by some of the best urban planners in the world.

你有機會在一個歷史悠久、 文化底蘊深厚的社區(qū), 擁有一棟美麗的房子, 由全世界最好的城市規(guī)劃師設(shè)計。

【3】all in a charming waterfront city.

坐落在一座迷人的濱水城市。

【4】You'd want to live here, right?

你會想住在這里的,對吧？

【5】But what if I told you that this home was in an area of Baltimore called the Black Butterfly, where block after block of these beautiful historic row homes sit vacant and are negatively valued, meaning that the cost to repair each home is actually more than what the market says it's worth.

但如果我告訴你 這棟房子位于巴爾的摩 一個被稱為“黑蝴蝶”的地區(qū)。 成片的排屋美麗又富有歷史氣息, 但是都空置著, 而且估價為負值, 這意味著修復每棟房屋的成本 實際上超過了它的市場價值。

【6】Somehow the market must be broken. Right?

市場一定是出了什么問題,對吧？

【7】What's going on here?

這到底是怎么回事？

【8】I’ve been studying the way housing markets work -- or don’t work -- for the last decade.

過去十年,我一直在研究 住房市場的功過。

【9】I started my career in investment finance on Wall Street, but when my hometown on the outskirts of New York City began to be gentrified, it pushed me into becoming a housing advocate.

我的職業(yè)生涯始于 在華爾街從事投資金融。 但當我位于紐約郊區(qū)的家鄉(xiāng) 開始“紳士化” （或“中產(chǎn)階層化”）時, 它促使我成為了住房倡導者。

【10】I learned more about the racist policies mandated by federal and local governments like redlining and urban renewal that gutted once thriving Black communities across the country and prevented Black citizens from building wealth through homeownership.

我對聯(lián)邦和地方政府強制執(zhí)行的 種族主義政策有了更多的了解, 如拒絕貸款和城市重建, 破壞了全國各地 曾經(jīng)繁榮的黑人社區(qū), 并阻止黑人公民 通過擁有住房來創(chuàng)造財富。

【11】These communities typically face two trajectories.

這些社區(qū)通常面臨兩條發(fā)展軌跡。

【12】The first is a downward spiral, where political and financial disinvestment causes hypervacancy and decay that pushes people out of a neighborhood.

第一條是惡性循環(huán)。 政治和金融撤資 導致的過度空缺和衰敗 迫使人們離開社區(qū)。

【13】Big banks see this exodus as confirmation that these neighborhoods are risky, defeated, unredeemable.

大銀行認為居民大批離去的情況 證明了這些社區(qū)是有風險的、 失敗的、無藥可救的。

【14】And so without investment, the cycle of distress continues.

因此,如果沒有投資, 這個困境循環(huán)就會繼續(xù)。

【15】The second trajectory is gentrification, where developers are able to capitalize off of this distress by buying undervalued properties, pumping money into them

第二條軌跡是紳士化。 開發(fā)商可以利用這種困境 通過購買估值偏低的房產(chǎn), 向其注入資金

【16】without considering the needs or wants of legacy residents, and then renting or reselling them at much, much higher costs, causing displacement.

而不考慮原住民的需求或愿望。 然后以高得多的價格 出租或轉(zhuǎn)售這些房產(chǎn), 造成居民被迫遷離。

【17】So my question became: Can we do development without displacement?

因此,我的問題變成了: 我們能否在不造成被迫遷離的情況下 對社區(qū)進行開發(fā)？

【18】Is there another way?

有沒有別的方式？

【19】I quit my job on Wall Street and moved to Baltimore, the city that birthed redlining, with a single suitcase to find out.

我從華爾街辭職并搬去了巴爾的摩, 那個誕生了“拒絕貸款”政策的城市, 我?guī)е粋€行李箱去尋找答案。

【20】My first inclination was to meet with investors and, you know, to raise funds for my idea.

我第一個意愿是與投資者見面, 為我的想法籌集資金。

【21】And I was literally laughed out of the room.

我被人嘲笑著拒絕了。

【22】They said that my idea was impossible and that we would build homes that would sit empty for lack of demand.

他們說我的想法是不可能實現(xiàn)的。 我們建造的房屋 會因為缺乏需求而被空置。

【23】But I knew in my heart of hearts that that wasn't true.

但我心里明白 那不是真的。

【24】Unexpectedly in that moment, being rejected by investors was the most important moment in my journey, because I realized that we didn't need big institutions to affirm the value of our communities.

那時候沒想到, 被投資者拒絕 是我旅程中最重要的時刻。 因為我意識到我們不需要大機構(gòu) 來證實我們社區(qū)的價值。

【25】We’d affirm our own value through social capital.

我們會通過社會資本 來證明自己的價值。

【26】And so I started my non-profit, Parity, which creates upfront demand for homeownership opportunities in neighborhoods experiencing hypervacancy simply by tapping into existing social networks.

因此,我創(chuàng)辦了 自己的非盈利組織Parity, 在過度空置的社區(qū)創(chuàng)造 對購房機會的前期需求, 只需要通過挖掘現(xiàn)有的社交網(wǎng)絡 便可達成。

【27】What started as an idea from just one has grown into a collective movement of eight, then 19 and now 44 future homeowners.

一開始僅是一個人的想法, 后來發(fā)展成了一個 由八人組成的集體活動, 然后是十九人, 現(xiàn)在是四十四位未來房主。

【28】All through word of mouth.

全部通過口口相傳。

【29】And we have a waitlist of over --

我們有一個等待名單……

【30】(Applause) Thank you.

（掌聲） 謝謝。

【31】Thank you.

謝謝。

【32】And we now have a waitlist of over 100 people wanting to join our intentional community.

我們的等待名單上現(xiàn)在有超過一百人 希望能加入我們這個理念社區(qū)。

【33】Like Yolanda, who's ready to buy a home to leave a legacy for her daughters.

如尤蘭達（Yolanda）, 準備買房子 以給女兒們留下一份遺產(chǎn)。

【34】Or Jenee, a fourth-generation Baltimorean whose father vividly remembers the demolition of black homes to make way for a highway to nowhere.

或者詹妮（Jenee）, 第四代巴爾的摩居民, 其父親清楚地記得 黑人居民住宅被拆毀, 以便為一條不通往任何地方的 高速公路讓路。

【35】Ako, whose family left West Baltimore when he was just a baby but now is coming back home to his origins to be part of the revitalization.

阿科（Ako）,他的家人在他 還是個嬰兒時就離開了西巴爾的摩, 但現(xiàn)在回到了他的家鄉(xiāng), 加入復興行動。

【36】And Modinat, who like me, came to Baltimore from New York to settle down and build a future.

還有莫迪納（Modinat）, 和我一樣從紐約來到巴爾的摩, 定居下來,創(chuàng)造未來。

【37】There are three key reasons why our work is transformational.

有三個關(guān)鍵原因說明 我們的工作是變革性的。

【38】The first is that we are leading the purchase and renovation of dozens of decades-long abandoned buildings and reselling them at deeply affordable price points.

第一個是我們正在領(lǐng)導 數(shù)十棟廢棄長達數(shù)十年的 建筑的購買和翻新, 并將其以非常實惠的價格進行轉(zhuǎn)售。

【39】The second is that we not only support our homebuyers to become credit-qualified and mortgage-approved, but we're creating the opportunity for folks to build deep social bonds and friendships with their future neighbors.

第二個是我們不僅支持我們的購房者 獲得信貸資格和抵押貸款許可, 同時也在為人們創(chuàng)造與他們未來鄰居 建立深厚的社交聯(lián)系和友誼的機會。

【40】And three, we're preventing the displacement of legacy residents by ensuring that they have the resources that they need to stay in their homes and transfer their wealth to the next generation.

第三,我們正在防止 原住民被迫遷移, 確保他們擁有能夠 讓他們繼續(xù)住在自己家中的資源 并將他們的財富傳給下一代。

【41】We're healing the social fabric of the neighborhood as we're rebuilding the built environment.

在我們重建建筑環(huán)境的同時, 我們正在修復社區(qū)中的社會結(jié)構(gòu)。

【42】Contrary to the dominant narrative, there absolutely is demand for housing in historically Black neighborhoods devastated by racist policy.

與主流說法相反的是, 被種族主義政策摧毀的、 歷史悠久的黑人社區(qū)里, 絕對存在住房需求。

【43】We've tapped into a hunger and appetite hiding in the blind spots of the traditional capital markets.

我們已經(jīng)挖掘出隱藏在 傳統(tǒng)資本市場盲區(qū)中的 饑渴和欲望。

【44】Remember those folks that laughed me out of the room?

還記得那些嘲笑著拒絕我的人嗎？

【45】Well, we have more -- Within just two years' time, we now have more demand for our homes than we have homes.

我們有更多—— 在短短兩年的時間內(nèi), 如今我們的住房供不應求。

【46】We're sold out.

我們的住房已經(jīng)售罄。

【47】And so can we do development without displacement?

所以我們能否在不造成 被迫遷離的情況下進行開發(fā)？

【48】We absolutely can.

我們當然可以。

【49】Thank you.

謝謝。

【50】(Applause)