·單詞（單詞出現(xiàn)次數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)來源為【不背單詞】App，引用的時間是2023年10月）

desert island (title) n.????荒島【0】【0】

????·uninhabited island????無人島

? ? ·coral island????珊瑚島

? ? ·volcanic island????火山島

? ? ·archipelago n.????群島

????? ? ·the Indonesian archipelago????印度尼西亞群島

? ? ·peninsula n.? ? 半島

????? ? ·the Korean peninsula????朝鮮半島

unrealistic adj. ? ?不真實的【7】【13】

paradise n. ? ?天堂,樂土,伊甸園【9】【2】

????·heaven n.????天堂

????·the Garden of Eden????伊甸園

????·be a paradise for sb.????心目中理想的地方

????????·Hawaii?is a paradise for?surfers.????夏威夷是沖浪者的天堂

????????·California is a paradise for sun lovers.????加州是陽光愛好者的天堂

????????·可替換為?be a Mecca/mecca for ...

wretched adj. ? ?可憐的,艱苦的【0】【1】

????·lead a wretched life????過著悲慘的生活

????·可替換為 poor????pitiful????pathetic

????·wretch n.? ? 不幸的人，可憐的人

????????·The poor wretch begs in the street.????這個可憐蟲在街上乞討

????·wreck n.????健康（或精神）嚴重受損的人

????????·Poor man, mentally a wreck.????可憐的人，精神崩潰，腦殘

starve v. ?挨餓【8】【2】

????·He starved to death in the desert.????他在沙漠中餓死了

????·I'm starving.????我餓極了，餓的前胸貼后背了

????·hunger n.????饑餓感；饑餓 & v.????渴求，渴望；挨餓

????????·satisfy one's hunger????吃飽肚子

????·hunger for ...????對?... 如饑似渴(渴求，渴望得到)

????????·I hunger for your touch.????我渴望你的觸摸

????·thirst n.????渴，口渴 & v.????口渴；渴望，渴求

????????·satisfy/quench one's thirst????解渴

????·thirst for ...????渴望，渴求 ...

????????·The students thirst for knowledge.????學生們渴望知識

????·satisfy v.? ? 使?jié)M足

????????·Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.????讓我們不要為了滿足我們對自由的渴望而喝下苦澀和仇恨的苦酒

????????????·seek to do = try to do????試圖做某事

????·quench?v.????（喝水）止（渴）

????????·Susan awoke that night alone and parched, but as she gazed out her window, she saw the tall drink of water she needed to quench her thirst.????那天晚上，蘇珊獨自醒來，渾身干渴，但當她向窗外望去時，她看到了她需要喝的一大杯水

????????????·parched adj.????非?？诳实?比 thirst 更渴)

element n. ?成分；元素，要素【20】【21】

????·there is an element of truth in ...????某個東西 ... 有點道理

????????·There is an element of truth in his words.????他的話有點道理

????·chemical element????化學元素

????·earth, water, fire and air 叫 element

????·the elements????自然力(雷，電，風，雨)

????????·struggle/fight/battle against the elements????與大自然做斗爭

????·elementary adj.????簡單的，基本的；基礎的，初級的

????????·elementary school????小學

????????·primary school????小學

opportunity n. ? ?機會【128】【123】

????·a golden opportunity????難得的機會

????·a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity????一生一次的機會

????·miss the opportunity????錯失機會

? ? ·seize the opportunity????抓住機會

????·Opportunity seldom knocks twice.????機不可失

????·take the opportunity to do ...????趁此機會做

????????·Let me take the opportunity to introduce myself.????讓我借此機會自我介紹一下

????????·Let me take the opportunity to thank you.????請允許我借此機會向你們表示感謝

coral n. ? ?珊瑚【2】【13】

Virgin Islands n. ? ?維爾京群島【0】【0】

Miami n. ? ?邁阿密(美國最南的城市)【12】【2】

dinghy n. ? ?救生筏,小船【0】【0】

Caribbean n. ? ?加勒比?！?】【11】

spear gun n.?? ?捕魚槍【0】【0】

lobster n. ? ?龍蝦【0】【0】

tanker n. ? ?油輪【0】【0】

genuinely adv. ? ?由衷地，真誠地【7】【2】

????·同義詞，可替換 genuinely????sincerely(在信中常見)????真誠的，發(fā)自肺腑的，發(fā)自內心的

????·He was genuinely glad to see Mary.????他見到瑪麗由衷地高興

????·genuine adj.????真誠的，真心的；真的

????????·He has a genuine love for his family.????他對他的家庭有一種真誠的愛

????????????·對某人的感情一定要用 for，不要用 to

????????·It certainly looked genuine.????看起來確實是真的

????·反義詞

????·hypocritical adj.????虛偽的，偽善的

????·artificial adj.????人造的，人工的

????????·artificial hair/tooth/limb????假發(fā)/假牙/假肢

????·fake adj.????偽造的，冒充的

????·counterfeit adj.????偽造的，假冒的?

????????·fake/counterfeit?money????假幣

????·pirated adj.????盜版的；非法復制的

????????·pirated CDs/books????盜版光碟/盜版書

Robinson Crusoe n. ? ?魯濱孫·克魯索(小說《魯濱孫漂流記》主人公)【0】【0】

·課文

Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.

Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer. They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired. During the journey, their boat began to sink. They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem. The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy. As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat. They caught lobster and fish every day, and, as one of them put it ‘a(chǎn)te like kings’. When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.

·課文講解

life on a desert island????荒島生活

? ? ·生活，不能用 of，因為并不是屬于荒島的東西。而是在荒島上的生活

????·life at the monastery????修道院里的生活

????·life in the army????軍隊生活

????·life on campus????校園生活。固定搭配，校園用 on，不用 in。校園附近的 off campus

Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island.

????·關于大多數(shù)類似的表達

????????·a/the majority of ...????大多數(shù) ...

????????????·majority n.????大多數(shù)

????????·a high percentage/proportion of ...????很高的 百分比/比例 …

????????????·A high proportion of the coffee they produce goes to the US.????他們生產(chǎn)的咖啡有很大一部分銷往美國

????·少數(shù)

????????·a/the minority of ...????少數(shù) …

????????????·minority n.????少數(shù)

????????·a small percentage/proportion of ...

????????????·Only a small percentage of African American employees were considered for promotion.????只有一小部分非裔美國員工被考慮晉升

????·picture n.????腦海中的情景，形象

????????·form a picture of ... = imagine ...

????????·Can you form a picture of what I described to you?????你能把我向你描述的東西想象出來嗎?

????·unrealistic adj.????不切實際的，脫離現(xiàn)實的

????·unreal adj.????不真實的；假的；幻想的；虛構的

????·練習造句：他們之中的大多數(shù)人對于西方世界有一種不切實際的想象。

????????·Must of them have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a the western?world.

????·辨析

????????·take a picture of ...????給 ... 照張相

????????????·Excuse me. My name is Richard Stewart I'm a photographer. May I take a picture of you and your little boy?????原諒我。我叫 Richard Stewart，我是一名攝影師。我可以給你和你的小男孩照張相嗎?

????????·與拍照相關的

????????????·Look in the camera.????看鏡頭

????????????·Hold that pose.????保持這個姿勢別動

????????????·Say cheese.????笑一笑，說茄子

????????????·You are photogenic.????你挺上相的

????????????·The picture does not do your justice.????這張照片不像你，你本人比照片更好看

We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines.

????·imagine A to be B????把 A 想象成 B

????·picture A as B????把 A 想象成 B

????·conceive of A as B????把?A?設想成?B

????·regard A as B????把 A 看作 B

????????·When I returned from aboard recently, a particulary officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.????最近我從國外回來時，一個特別愛管閑事的年輕海關官員顯然把我當成了走私犯

????·consider A (to be) B????認為 A 是 B

????????·If you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus a great delicacy.????例如，如果你住在地中海，你會認為章魚是一種美味佳肴。

????·see A as B????把A看作B

????????·I see his words as a joke.????我認為他的話是在開玩笑

????·count ... as ...????把 ... 算作 ...

????????·I don't count him as a friend any more.????我不再把他當朋友了

????·look on ... as ...????把 ... 視為 ...

????????·They look on her as a daughter.????他們把她當作女兒看待

????·think of ... as ...????把 ... 看作 ...

????????·Learning a lunguage should be thought of as a natural process.????學習一門語言應該被認為是一個自然的過程

????·a sort of = a kind of ...????有些像 ... 的； ... 般的

????????·In spite of this, the ltalians regarded him as a sort of hero.????盡管如此，意大利人還是視他為英雄般的人物

????????·Since its discovery, it has become a sort of potholers' Everest.????自從它被發(fā)現(xiàn)以來，它就變成了好像是洞穴探險者的珠穆朗瑪峰

????????·They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them.????一大群螞蟻來拜訪它們，從它們身上獲取了一種類似于蜂蜜的物質

????????·An atom is a kind of solar system.????原子是類似于太陽系的物質

????????·Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.????圖書館使教育成為可能，而教育反過來又使圖書館得以發(fā)展:知識的增長遵循一種復利規(guī)律，印刷術的發(fā)明大大促進了這一規(guī)律

????·kind of = sort of = somewhat?????adv.????有點 ...（口語化）

????????·I'm kind of hungry.????我有點餓了

????????·He felt sort of embarrassed.????他感到有點尷尬

Life there is simple and good.

????·Life on campus is simple and good.????校園生活簡單而美好

Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work.

????·ripe?adj.????（水果、谷物等）成熟的

????????·Soon ripe, soon rotten.????成熟的快，腐爛的就快。小時了了，大未必佳

????????·The time is ripe.????時機成熟了

????????·I'm waiting till the time is ripe before I tell my parents that I failed my exams.????我要等到時機成熟,然后再告訴父母我考試不及格

????????·adult?n.????成年人；成年動物 & adj.????成年的，發(fā)育成熟的/full-grown adj.????生長完全的；發(fā)育完全的

????????????·an adult cat????一只成年貓

????????????·A full-grown giraffe is 5.5 m tall.????一只成年長頸鹿有5.5米高

????????·mature adj.????成熟的，理智的

????????????·He is very mature for his age.????就他的年齡而言，他很成熟

????????·well-done????全熟

????????·medium well????七八分熟的

????????·medium????五分熟

????????·medium rare????四分熟的

????????·rare????三分熟的

????????·How would you like your steak cooked?

????????·I'd like my steak well-done/medium well/medium/medium rare/rare.

????????????·Monica: Okay, now this one is rare, this one is medium well! Now go-go-go! Hey Phoebe!

????????????·Phoebe: Hey!

????????????·Monica: Hey how was dinner?!

????????????·Phoebe: Dinner was good!

????????·raw adj.????全生的

????????????·I like to eat fish raw.????raw 不能放在 fish 前，放在 fish 前指未刮魚鱗的魚

????·fruit 表示數(shù)量是不可數(shù)的，表示種類是可數(shù)的

????· ... you needn't work.

????· ... you don't need to work.

The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.

????·The other side????另一方面：除了已經(jīng)提到的事物或人物之外的另一方面。

????·quite adv.???? 相當；徹底地，截然

????????·In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.

????·the opposite????相反的，對立的

????????·The opposite of love is hatred.????愛的反面是恨

????????·The opposite bank????對岸：指河流、湖泊等水域的另一邊

????????·The opposite sex????異性

????????·be quite the opposite????截然相反

????·練習造句：我得父親是個性格平和的人，但是我得母親卻截然相反。

????????·My father is a very?calm person, but my mother is quite the opposite.

????·vice versa????反之亦然

????????·Boys can date girls, and vice versa.????男孩可以和女孩約會，反之亦然

Life on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes.

????·either ... or ...????要么 ... 要么 ...

????· ..., waiting for a boat but it never comes.

????????·it 指前面的 boat，所以可以把 but it 換成 which，更簡潔一點

Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.

????·there is an element of truth in????這里面有真實的成分

????????·there is an element of truth in what she said.????她的話中有幾分真實

????·there is a?food deal of truth in ...????在 … 中有許多真理

????????·Apparently, there is a good deal of truth in this idea.????顯然，這個想法有很多道理

????·there is no truth in ...????沒有道理 ...

????????·There is no truth in the rumor.? ? 這個謠言完全沒道理

????????·There is probably an element of truth in this argument, but they ignore a more basic fact that the freedom of the press is often abused.????這種說法可能有一定的道理，但他們忽視了一個更基本的事實，即新聞自由經(jīng)常被濫用

????????·Albert Einstein once attributed the creativity in a famous scientist to the fact that he never went to school. There is undoubtedly a truth in his observation, but such a truth is not criticism of schools.????阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦曾經(jīng)把一位著名科學家的創(chuàng)造力歸因于他從未上過學。他的觀察無疑是有道理的，但這種道理并不是對學校的批判

????·The former picture is unduly optimistic while the latter picture is unduly pessimistic.????前一種情況過于樂觀，而后一種情況過于悲觀

????????·相同的可以省略，簡化這個句子：The?former?picture?is?unduly?optimistic?while the?latter?unduly?pessimistic.

????·In what way are the pictures we form of life on a desert island unreal?????我們所描繪的荒島上生活的畫面在哪些方面是不真實的?

????????(a) They fail to present the wretchedness of such a situation.

????????(b) We forget that we would be too weak to work and only imagine the pleasure of idleness.

????????(c) They are either unduly optimistic or unduly pessimistic.

????????(d) They lack any truth at all as most of us have never visited one.

????????????·in what way????在什么方面

????????????·we?form?of?life?on a desert island?unreal.(作定語從句)

????????????????·we 主語

????????????????·form 賓語????(某關系、習慣、想法) 形成 vi.

????????????????·of? 牛津第10.used after some verbs before mentioning sb/sth involved in the action （用于某些動詞后，接動作所涉及的人或事）

????????????????·?life?on a desert island????荒島上的生活

????????????????·unreal adj.????不真實的；假的(形容詞作賓補，up自己認為的，如果有錯請和我探討一下，我想學)

Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer.

????·who 引導定語從句

????·they had stayed 在wished后使用了虛擬語氣

????????·"wish" 型的虛擬語氣

????????·1、S. + wish + (that) + S. +

????????????????|ˉ did/were (現(xiàn)在)?

????????????<|????had done (過去)

????????????????|_ would/should/could/might + do (將來)

????????????·I wish (that) I met my uncle now.????我真希望我現(xiàn)在能遇到我的叔叔（沒有實現(xiàn)，用虛擬語氣，而如果是 hope，那表明可能性較大，不使用虛擬語氣）

????????????·I wish (that) I had met my uncle yesterday.????我真希望我昨天能遇到我的叔叔

????????????·I wish (that) I could meet my uncle tomorrow.? ? 我真希望我明天能遇到我的叔叔

????????·2、would rather/sooner (that)?ˉ | S. +????真希望 ...

????????·3、if only???????????????????????????????? _ | S. +????要是 ...

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? |ˉ?did/were (現(xiàn)在)?

????????????<|????had done (過去)

????????????????|_ would/should/could/might + do (將來)

????????????·I'd rather you started off now.????我真希望你現(xiàn)在就出發(fā)

????????????·I'd rather you had been present yesterday.????我真希望你昨天在場

????????????·If only Tessa were here now!????要是苔莎現(xiàn)在在這里就好了!

????????????·If only I had listened to my parents at that time.????要是我當時聽父母的話就好了

????·spent v.????度過（一段時間)

????????·He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman.????然后他換上工裝褲，當了8個小時的清潔工

They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired.

????·用進行時讓讀者有身臨其境的感覺

????·from 引導地點狀語

????·地點表達：從A到B

????????·from A to B

????????·out of A towards B

? ? ????·for B from A

????·時間表達：從A到B

? ? ????·from A to B

????????·from A until/till?B

? ??????·A through B

????????·這家商店從星期一開到星期六

????????????·The store is open from Monday to Saturday.

????????? ? ·The store is open from Monday untill/till?Saturday.

????????? ? ·The store is open Monday through?Saturday.

During the journey, their boat began to sink.?

????·begin?doing????人主動的動作

????·begin?to do????客觀的行為，現(xiàn)象

They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island.

????·load sth. with sth.????把某物裝在什么運輸工具上

????????·load A into B????把?A 裝進?B?

????????????·He is loading groceries into his car.????他正在把雜貨裝進他的汽車

????????????·He is loading his car with groceries.????他正在往車上裝雜貨?

????????·be loaded with ...????滿載 ...

????????????·Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour.????當那艘大客輪進港時，小船載滿貨物迅速向它駛來

????????????????·loaded 后置定語修飾小船

????·and 引出并列舉

????·across 引導地點狀語

????·until 引導時間狀語從句

????·rowed v.????劃船，劃槳

????????·Learning is like rowing upstream: not to? advance is to drop back.????學習如逆水行舟，不進則退

????·tiny adj.????極小的，微小的

????????·Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village of Perachora in southern Greece.????瑪麗和她的丈夫迪米特里住在希臘南部一個叫波拉喬拉的小村莊里

There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem.

????·prove (to?be)?+ adj./n.????被證明是

????????·The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.????事實證明，搜尋工作是很困難的，因為人們常常是早上在一個地方看到那只美洲獅，晚上卻在20英里外的另一個地方看到它

????????·He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village.????他知道在這樣一個小村莊里不會有什么困難

????????·The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin.????手術持續(xù)了四個多小時，由于皮膚上覆蓋著堅硬的樹脂，手術非常困難

The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy. As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat.

????·These two pieces of equipment proved (to be) essential to their survival.????這兩件裝備被證明對他們的生存是必不可少的

????????·equipment n.????設備(不可數(shù))

They caught lobster and fish every day, and, as one of them put it ‘a(chǎn)te like kings’.

????·put it = express it????措辭說

????????·I don't know how to put it.????我不知道該怎么說

????·to put it another way????換句話說：用于表達同一件事情的不同方式或用語

????????·It's fairly risky. Or to put it another way, don't try this at home.????這相當危險。或者換句話說，不要在家里嘗試

????·let me put it this way????讓我這樣說：用于表達重新組織或重新表達某個觀點或想法的意愿

????????·-W: You had Professor Johnson before, right? How would you describe his lectures?

????????·-M: Well, let me put it this way: I could never stay awake in one of his classes without first drinking at least two cups of coffee.

????????????·Professor Johnson's lectures?were boring.

When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.

????·when 引導時間狀語從句

????·thay 引導形容詞補足語從句

????·genuinely?adv.????真誠地，由衷的

????????·可替換為：

????????????·sincerely adv.????由衷地，真誠地

????????????·from the bottom of theitr hearts????發(fā)自內心的，發(fā)自肺腑的

????·sorry?adj.????遺憾的

????????·可替換為：

????????????·regretful adj.????后悔的，遺憾的

????????????·regret?v.????遺憾

????????????????·Both men genuinely regretted?

????????????????????·|ˉ that they had to leave.????(regret?后接?that 引導的?賓語從句)

????????????????????·|_ having to leave.????(regret doing sth 對做某事很遺憾)

????????????????????·而 regret to do sth. 是遺憾的去做某事，還沒發(fā)生，regret doing sth. 是已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事

????????????????????·regret to

????????????????????? ? ·|ˉ say?...????我很遺憾的說

? ??????????????????? ? ·-|????tell you?...????我很遺憾的告訴你

? ??????????????????? ? ·|_ inform you ...????我很遺憾的通知你