正文翻譯

What is the strangest archaeological obxt ever found?

考古學(xué)都有哪些最奇怪的發(fā)現(xiàn)？(一)

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He found no trace of a lost city in the sands. Thomas later related the story to T.E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), who regarded Ubar as the "Atlantis of the Sands". Lawrence became fascinated with the lost city of the sands and kept looking for it, but he never found it either. Since then many other explorers attempted to locate the city buried beneath the sand.
In 1992 The New York Times published an article announcing the Atlantis of the Sands has been discovered by a Los Angeles-based team of amateur and professional archaeologists.
"Using a combination of high-tech satellite imagery and old-fashioned literary detective work, they discovered the fortress city buried under the shifting sands of a section of Oman so barren that it is known as the Rub''al Khali or Empty Quarter.
Built nearly 5,000 years ago, Ubar was a processing and shipping center for frankincense, an aromatic resin grown in the nearby Qara Mountains.

（T.E.Lawrence也即眾所周知的阿拉伯Lawrance，被稱為“沙漠亞特蘭蒂斯”，就像沉入海里了亞特蘭蒂斯一樣，許多學(xué)者質(zhì)疑其是否存在過。）
他在沙漠中沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)失落城市的痕跡。托馬斯后來把這個故事告訴了T.E.勞倫斯(“阿拉伯勞倫斯”)，他把Ubar看作是“沙漠中的亞特蘭蒂斯”。勞倫斯對這個遺失的沙漠之城非常著迷，他一直在尋找它，但也沒有找到。從那時起，許多探險者試圖找到埋藏在沙子下面的城市。
1992年，《紐約時報》發(fā)表了一篇文章，宣布洛杉磯一支由業(yè)余和專業(yè)考古學(xué)家組成的考古隊發(fā)現(xiàn)了沙漠亞特蘭蒂斯。他們利用高科技衛(wèi)星圖像和老式的文學(xué)偵探工作相結(jié)合的方法，發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個被埋在流沙下的要塞城市，這一地區(qū)非常貧瘠，被稱為魯卜哈里沙漠或空白之地。
Ubar建于近5000年前，曾是乳香的加工和運輸中心。乳香是一種生長在附近的卡拉山(Qara Mountains)的芳香樹脂。

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When they started digging at Shis''r, near an old Arab fort, they began to uncover a large ancient structure. No one was sure what it was... Some explorers believe the remains of the old fort at Shisr could be the rests of the Iram of the Pillars.
Used in cremations and religious ceremonies, as well as in perfumes and medicines, frankincense was as valuable as gold.
Ubar''s rulers became wealthy and powerful and its residents--according to Islamic legend--so wicked and debauched that eventually God destroyed the city, allowing it to be swallowed up by the restless desert.
E. Lawrence, better known as Lawrence of Arabia, called it "the Atlantis of the sands" and, like the undersea Atlantis, many scholars doubted that Ubar ever existed," Los Angeles Times reports.
Researchers said they "documented how the city fell, and that it did not appear to be by divine retribution for wickedness. In building his "imitation of paradise," the legendary King Shaddad ibn ''Ad unknowingly constructed it over a large limestone cavern. Ultimately, the weight of the city caused the cavern to collapse in a massive sinkhole, destroying much of the city and causing the rest to be abandoned.
The researchers also discovered the remains of a nearby neolithic village that may date to at least 6000 B. C."

當(dāng)他們開始在一個古老的阿拉伯堡壘附近的名叫Shis''r的地方挖掘時，他們開始發(fā)現(xiàn)了一座巨大的古代建筑。沒人知道那是什么……一些探險者認(rèn)為Shisr的古堡壘遺跡可能是伊拉姆（Iram）石柱的遺跡。用于火葬和宗教儀式，以及香水和藥品。乳香和金子一樣珍貴。
當(dāng)?shù)亟y(tǒng)治者因此變得富有而強(qiáng)大，而當(dāng)?shù)鼐用瘛鶕?jù)伊斯蘭傳說——非常的邪惡和墮落，最終上帝毀滅了這座城市，讓它被永不平靜的沙漠吞噬。
據(jù)《洛杉磯時報》報道，勞倫斯稱Ubar為“沙漠中的亞特蘭蒂斯”，和海底的亞特蘭蒂斯一樣，許多學(xué)者懷疑Ubar曾經(jīng)是否存在過。
研究人員表示，他們“記錄了這座城市是如何陷落的，這似乎不是上帝對邪惡的懲罰?！?br/>為了模仿建造他的天堂，傳奇國王沙達(dá)德·伊本（Shaddad ibn ''Ad）不知不覺地在一個巨大的石灰?guī)r洞穴之上建造了它。最終，城市的重量導(dǎo)致洞穴坍塌，形成一個巨大的天坑，摧毀了城市的大部分，導(dǎo)致剩下的被遺棄。
研究人員還在附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個新石器時代村莊的遺跡，其歷史至少可以追溯到公元前6000年。

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"The discoveries are expected to shed considerable light on the early history of the region, which has been shrouded in myth, said George Hedges, 39, a Los Angeles lawyer who with 53-year-old filmmaker Nicholas Clapp was one of the leaders of the expedition. Among the mysteries of the region the findings may help resolve, for example, is whether the Queen of Sheba, who would have been contemporaneous with Ubar, really existed.
The researchers have already found evidence that the climate was much different at that time. The neolithic village was apparently located on the banks of a river--long since dried up--and its residents farmed a substantial area.
Even in the time of Ubar, 3,000 years after the neolithic village, rainfall was more plentiful and the well supplied quite large quantities of water, enough to support not only the city itself but also the camel caravans that traversed the forbidding desert.
Clapp persuaded JPL scientists Charles Elachi and Ronald Blom to scan the region with a special shuttle radar system that was flown on the last successful mission of Challenger. The radar was able to "see" through the overlying sand and loose soil to pick out subsurface geological features.

“現(xiàn)年39歲的洛杉磯律師喬治·赫奇斯(George Hedges)說，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)有望為這個地區(qū)的早期歷史提供相當(dāng)多的線索，而這段歷史一直籠罩在神話之中。在該地區(qū)的眾多謎團(tuán)中，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能有助于解開謎團(tuán)，例如，與Ubar同時代的示巴女王（Sheba）是否真的存在?！?br/>研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時氣候與如今大不相同的證據(jù)。這個新石器時代的村莊顯然坐落在一條早已干涸的河邊，那里的居民在很大程度上都在耕種。在新石器時代村落之后的3000年的Ubar時代，降雨量更是充沛，水源充足，不僅足以供養(yǎng)城市本身，也足以供養(yǎng)穿越這片令人生畏的沙漠的駱駝商隊。

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A satellite photograph of southern Arabia showing suspected sites of a lost city. Credit: Wikipedia
Using the imagery, the team was able to pick out the ancient trade routes, which were packed down into hard surfaces by the passage of hundreds of thousands of camels. Junctions where the trade routes converged or branched seemed likely locations for the lost city.
Armed with this information, they enlisted archeologist Juris Zarins of Southwest Missouri State University and British explorer Sir Ranulf Fiennes, who has served with the British military in the deserts of Oman and fought with the sultan''s forces.
The team made a brief, preliminary expedition to Oman last summer, searching about 35 sites. They found shards of pottery and other evidence of the trade routes, but nothing to show they had definitively found the city."
Still, many feel this intriguing question still remains unanswered: "Is the city of Ubar identical to Iram of the Pillars or is the legendary lost city still buried somewhere beneath the sand?"

(一幅阿拉伯南部的衛(wèi)星照片顯示了一座失落城市的疑似遺址。)
利用這些圖像，研究小組能夠識別出古代的貿(mào)易路線，這些路線是由成千上萬的駱駝通過而形成的。貿(mào)易路線交匯或分叉的交匯處似乎很可能是失落之城的位置。
有了這些信息，他們招募了西南密蘇里州立大學(xué)的考古學(xué)家朱里斯·扎林斯和英國探險家拉努夫·費因斯爵士。費因斯曾在阿曼沙漠服役，并與蘇丹軍隊并肩作戰(zhàn)。去年夏天，探險隊對阿曼進(jìn)行了一次簡短的初步考察，搜索了大約35個地點。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了陶器碎片和其他貿(mào)易路線的證據(jù)，但沒有任何證據(jù)表明他們確實發(fā)現(xiàn)了這座城市?！?br/>然而，許多人仍然覺得這個有趣的問題沒有得到回答:“Ubar城和伊拉姆之柱是一樣的?還是傳說中的失落之城仍然埋在沙子下面的某個地方?”

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There are other ten strange archaeological discoveries t be briefed below:
1.The City of Troy
Troy is a well-known city in the world of history, legends and monuments, located in the northwest of Anatolia. In 1865, the English archaeologist Frank Calvert dug a trench in a field he bought from farms in "Hisarlik" and in 1868, Heinrich Schliemann , a German businessman and archaeologist, began excavating in the same place after accidentally gathered him in Calvert and what they found was Priam''s Treasure: a cache of gold and several other obxts such as jewels that his wife used to wear and the golden mask of Agamemnon, included in the Shaft Graves with their skeletons and more regal gold.

還有其他10大奇怪的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)，簡要介紹如下:
1.特洛伊城
特洛伊是世界上著名的歷史、傳說城市，位于安納托利亞的西北部。1865年，英國考古學(xué)家弗蘭克·卡爾弗特(Frank Calvert)在他從“Hisarlik”的農(nóng)場買來的一塊地里挖了一條溝渠。1868年，德國商人兼考古學(xué)家海因里?！ぶx里曼(Heinrich Schliemann)在卡爾弗特偶然找到了他，并開始在同一個地方挖掘，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了普里阿姆的寶藏：地窖里藏著黃金和其他一些物品，比如他妻子曾經(jīng)戴過的珠寶和阿伽門農(nóng)的黃金面具，還有他們的骷髏和大量的帝王的黃金。

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2. The Easter Island
“Easter Island” is one of the most isolated places in the world located thousands of miles from the Chilean coast in the South Pacific. The most confusing thing about this island is that people can live in this place and build huge heads of stone around the island.
There are statues only partially carved out of the slopes of this volcanic crater, and others fully complete ready for transport to their final destinations. All but 53 of the 887 Moai statues were carved from this material (compressed volcanic ash).
3. Acomparo fingers
Although the scientific community agreed that these figures were part of an elaborate hoax, they caused great fanfare when they were announced. Hundreds of these human-like figures and dinosaurs were found in Mexico, which made some people think that the ancient people were better archaeologists than they thought.

2. 復(fù)活節(jié)島
復(fù)活節(jié)島是世界上最偏僻的地方之一，距離南太平洋智利海岸數(shù)千英里。關(guān)于這個島最令人困惑的事情是，人們居然可以在這里生活，并在島周圍建造巨大的石質(zhì)頭像。
在這個火山坑的斜坡上，只有部分的雕像是被當(dāng)?shù)氐幕鹕綆r雕刻出來的，其他的則完全是被運送到這里的。887座摩埃石像中只有53座是用這種材料(壓縮的火山灰)雕刻而成的。
3. Acomparo手指
盡管科學(xué)界一致認(rèn)為這些數(shù)據(jù)是一個精心設(shè)計的騙局的一部分，但當(dāng)它們被宣布時，卻引起了軒然大波。在墨西哥發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)百個人型生物和恐龍，這使得一些人認(rèn)為，這些古人比他們想象的更像考古學(xué)家。

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4. The Antikythera
Antikythera is the first scientific astronomical instrument invented by the Greeks for astronomical calculation and was discovered 2000 years ago in a sunken ship on a Greek island called "Antikthera". With dozens of gears, this watch can only measure the position of the sun, moon, and other planets by entering simple data into it. Although there is controversy about its specific uses, it indicates that ancient civilizations have made impressive and impressive achievements in the field of mechanical engineering.
5. Groupy Man
Stuffed bodies were repeatedly found, but the strange thing about this corpse, nicknamed "Grubali Man", is its structure, which is still protected despite the passage of hundreds of years on it, to the extent that the dead body of the dead body and nails of her hands remained as it was embalmed. Through the information available on the body, it is easy to know the cause of the death of the owner, which may be the result of a deep wound around his neck extending to his ears. This man is likely to die, aiming to sacrifice himself to go to a better destiny.

4. 安提凱希拉
安提凱希拉是希臘人發(fā)明的第一臺用于天文計算的科學(xué)天文儀器，2000年前在希臘一個叫安提凱希拉的島上的一艘沉船中被發(fā)現(xiàn)。其擁有數(shù)十個齒輪，這塊表一樣的儀器能通過輸入簡單的數(shù)據(jù)來測量太陽、月亮和其他行星的位置。雖然它的具體用途存在爭議，但它表明古代文明在機(jī)械工程領(lǐng)域取得了令人印象深刻的成就。
5.Groupy人
尸體被多次發(fā)現(xiàn)，但令人奇怪的是，盡管經(jīng)過了幾百年的時間，她的尸體和她的指甲仍然被保存下來，就像被防腐處理過一樣，他被命名為“Grubali人”。根據(jù)有關(guān)尸體的資料，很容易知道主人的死因，死因可能是脖子上有一個很深的傷口，一直延伸到耳朵。這個人當(dāng)時很可能就死了，目的是犧牲自己去獲得更好的命運。

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6. The Shouting Mummy
Unlike modern burial methods, the ancient Egyptians did not take into account the fact that if the neck of the corpse was not attached to the skull, the second one would fall and the corpse would appear to be screaming permanently. Although there are mummies in the same situation, this mummy is more fearful than others and scientists suggest that torture against the deceased will be used as part of the burial rites. The mummy in this photo is called "The Unknown Man E" and was found by Gaston Masparo in 1886.
7. Terra Cotta Army
Dozens of men surround this place, which is like a grave, but what is their story? This photo shows a strange archaeological discovery of the soldiers of the "Terra Cotta" who were buried with the first Emperor of China "Kun Shi Hyung" to protect the emperor after death.

6.尖叫的媽咪
與現(xiàn)代的埋葬方法不同，古埃及人沒有考慮到這樣一個事實:如果尸體的頸部沒有與頭骨相連，尸體就會看起來永遠(yuǎn)在尖叫。雖然也有木乃伊處于同樣的情況，但這具木乃伊比其他的更可怕，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，對死者的折磨有被用作葬禮儀式的一部分。該木乃伊叫“未知的人E”，是1886年由Gaston Masparo發(fā)現(xiàn)的。
7.兵馬俑
數(shù)十個人圍著這座像墳?zāi)挂粯拥牡胤剑麄兊墓适率鞘裁?這展示了一個奇怪的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)，“兵馬俑”士兵與中國第一個皇帝“秦始皇”埋葬在一起，以保護(hù)死后的皇帝。

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8. Moa obxt
In 1986, after deep excavations in Mount Owen Caves in New Zealand, this massive and frightening claw was found. And whoever looks at it will think that the creature with the claw has died recently because it is amazingly preserved. After excavation and inspection, the scientists made it clear that this claw belongs to a large Maw, unable to fly from prehistoric times, which has a group of dangerous claws.
9. Baghdad Battery
In 1930, a number of pottery was discovered near Baghdad in the village of Khojot Rabeh. No one had been interested in these jars for a long time until a German museum curator published a report explaining the use of these pottery as galvanic cells or batteries for the purposes of painting and electrolysis.

8.恐鳥（已滅絕生物）
1986年，在對新西蘭的歐文山洞穴進(jìn)行深入挖掘后，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了巨大而可怕的爪子。無論誰看到它，都會認(rèn)為這個長爪的生物是最近才死掉的，它保存得很好。經(jīng)過挖掘和檢查，科學(xué)家們明確指出，這只爪子屬于一個巨大的恐鳥，從史前時代開始就無法飛行，有一對危險的爪子。
9.巴格達(dá)電池
1930年，在巴格達(dá)附近的Khojot Rabeh村發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些陶器。在很長一段時間里，沒有人對這些罐子感興趣，直到一位德國博物館館長發(fā)表了一篇報告，這些陶器用繪畫來解釋了電池的原理。

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10. The Aztec Sacrifice
The ancient Aztec Empire that inhabited the valley of Mexico hosted many bloody festivals festivals, offering sacrifices as an offering to please the gods. In 2004, another horrific type of ritual killing and torture of human beings and animals was discovered on the nights of festivals, which included bloodshed for the victims. Types of torture include the cutting of their heads and the representation of their bodies. And this night of terror continues until the next day''s sun rises, which means that the gods are satisfied with human blood.

10. 阿茲特克的祭祀
居住在墨西哥山谷的古阿茲特克帝國舉辦了許多血腥節(jié)日，提供祭品以取悅神。2004年，在節(jié)日的夜晚，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了另一種對人和動物的可怕的殺戮和折磨，其中包括讓受害者流血。酷刑的種類包括砍掉他們的頭和用他們的身體來做祭禮。這恐怖的夜晚將持續(xù)到第二天的太陽升起，屆時神才會對人類的血感到滿意。