在我的個人投稿中，標題含有【史料】的專欄為歷史研究的第一手史料，僅供學習使用，不代表本人任何立場。雙語的內(nèi)容，漢語部分為個人自行翻譯，僅供參考。

【背景】上世紀60年代，戰(zhàn)后成長起來的美國人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們國家的實際情況與美國的基本信條不符，因此對“美國夢”在一定程度上產(chǎn)生懷疑；同時又正值冷戰(zhàn)，美蘇雙方都將意識形態(tài)作為武器，兩大要素結(jié)合的結(jié)果導(dǎo)致美國群眾在思想上發(fā)生一次大左轉(zhuǎn)，發(fā)起了聲勢浩大的進步運動。黑人運動是當時美國三大進步運動之一，而馬丁·路德·金于1963年在林肯紀念柱前作的演講《我有一個夢》堪稱黑人運動中的代表性發(fā)聲。

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of bad captivity.

100年前，一個偉大的美國人簽署了《解放宣言》，今天我們就是在他的雕像前集會的。這項重要的法令成為了數(shù)百萬遭到非公正對待的黑奴的希望燈塔。它猶如喜慶的拂曉，結(jié)束了束縛黑人的漫漫長夜。

But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.

但百年之后，黑人依然不自由。百年之后，黑人的生命依然遭到種族隔離主義手銬和歧視鐵鏈的束縛。百年之后，黑人生活在物質(zhì)繁榮的海洋中的貧窮的孤島上。百年之后，黑人仍舊被限制在美國社會底層，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在自己的土地上被流放。所以我們今天來到這里舉行集會，來把糟糕的現(xiàn)狀公之于眾。

In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."

在某種意義上，我們來到我國首都是為了兌現(xiàn)一張支票。我們國家的創(chuàng)立者在憲法和獨立宣言中寫下宏偉的文字時，他們簽署的是所有美國人后裔都將繼承的期票。這張票是所有人——是的，不只是白人，還有黑人——都將被擔保對“生命、自由和追求幸?！庇兄安豢汕址傅臋?quán)利”的承諾。顯然當下的美國對她的有色人種公民放棄兌現(xiàn)了這張本該兌現(xiàn)的支票。美國沒有履行這一神圣的義務(wù)，而是給黑人開了一張空頭支票，它被蓋上了“資金不足”的戳子后就退了回來。

But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.

但是我們不相信正義的銀行已經(jīng)破產(chǎn)。我們不相信這個國家巨大的機會寶庫中沒有足夠的資金。因此，我們要兌現(xiàn)這張可以根據(jù)需求給予我們自由和捍衛(wèi)正義的支票。

We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.

我來到這個神圣的地點，也是為了提醒美國目前面臨的嚴峻緊急情況?，F(xiàn)在不是奢談冷靜或服用“漸進主義鎮(zhèn)靜藥”的時候?，F(xiàn)在是時候兌現(xiàn)民主的承諾了?，F(xiàn)在是時候離開黑暗荒涼的種族隔離山谷，上升到陽光燦爛的種族正義大道了?，F(xiàn)在是時候把我們的國家從種族不平等的流沙上挪開，置于不同種族情同手足的堅固基石上了?，F(xiàn)在是時候為所有上帝子民實現(xiàn)正義了。

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. 1963?is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.

忽視目前的緊急狀況將對國家造成毀滅性的影響。這個合法歧視黑人的悶熱夏日要到自由平等的涼爽秋天到來才能過去。1963年不是結(jié)束，而是開始。如果國家還像往常一樣運轉(zhuǎn)，那些指望黑人只要發(fā)泄就能滿足的人將猛然醒悟。在黑人得到公民權(quán)之前，這個國家將沒有一刻安寧。起義的旋風將持續(xù)震撼我們國家的根基，直到正義的光明之日出現(xiàn)。

But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.

但我必須對那些站在通往正義宮殿的入口的人們說：在獲取正當?shù)匚坏倪^程中，我們不能有不法的行為。對自由的渴望不是通過飲下愁苦之酒來滿足的。我們要一直在尊嚴和紀律的高地上進行斗爭。我們不能讓我們富有創(chuàng)造性的抗議活動墮落成肢體暴力。我們必須一次又一次地把斗爭上升到物質(zhì)力量與精神力量相遇的宏偉高度。

The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.

包圍黑人社區(qū)的新戰(zhàn)斗形式不能讓我們對所有白人不信任，因為我們有許多白人同志，他們今天來到現(xiàn)場，就表明了他們意識到他們的命運和我們是緊密相連的。他們意識到他們的自由和我們的自由密不可分。

We cannot walk alone.?And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead.?We cannot turn back.

我們不能獨自前進。我們前進時，我們必須保證一直向前。我們沒有回頭路可走。

There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating "for whites only." We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream."

總有人問公民權(quán)利的支持者：“你們什么時候才滿足呢？”只要黑人是警察難以形容的暴行的受害者，我們就不滿足。只要我們旅途后的疲憊身軀不能在高速路邊的汽車旅館和城市里的賓館住宿，我們就不滿足。只要黑人的移動空間只能是從小的貧民區(qū)到大些的貧民區(qū)，我們就不滿足。只要我們的孩子被剝奪了自我，被“僅限白人入內(nèi)”的標牌剝奪了尊嚴，我們就永遠不會滿足。只要還有一個密西西比州的黑人不能投票、一個紐約的黑人認為他的投票不起作用，我們就不滿足。不，不，我們不滿足，直到“正義如水一般奔涌，匯成湍急的溪流”之前我們都不會滿足。

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.

Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends.

我注意到了你們中的一些人經(jīng)歷了巨大的考驗和磨難才來到了這里。你們中的一些人剛剛從狹窄的牢房中被釋放。你們中的一些人來自那些對自由的追求讓你們飽受迫害和警察暴行的摧殘的地區(qū)。你們在這種“創(chuàng)新”的苦難上已經(jīng)是老兵了。繼續(xù)帶著無辜的受苦難者終究會得到救贖的信念奮斗吧?；氐矫芪魑鞅?、阿拉巴馬、南卡羅來納、佐治亞、路易斯安那，回到北方城市的貧民區(qū)，要知道這種情況在某種程度上可以被改變，也將會被改變。朋友們，我們不要沉浸在絕望之谷中。

And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

因此，盡管我們面臨當下和未來的難題，我仍舊有一個夢。這個夢深深根植于美國夢中。

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."

我夢見有一天，這個國家會站起來，真正實現(xiàn)其信條的含義：“我們認為下列真理是不言而喻的：人人生來平等?！?/p>

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

我夢見有一天，在佐治亞州的紅山上，昔日奴隸的后代和昔日奴隸主的后代比肩而坐，形如兄弟。

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

我夢見有一天，即使是密西西比這個深陷種族歧視的州也能變成自由和正義的樂土。

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

我夢見有一天，我的四個孩子會生活在一個不以他們的膚色，而是人格品質(zhì)來評判他們的國家。

I have a dream today.

我今天有一個夢。

I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.

我夢見有一天，在充滿邪惡種族主義者的阿拉巴馬——該州州長仍滿口“反對”和“無效”——那里的黑人孩童將能夠與白人孩童攜手結(jié)尾兄弟姐妹。

I have a dream today!

我今天有一個夢！

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together."

我夢見有一天，山谷被填平，高山被鏟除，崎嶇之地都變得平坦，蜿蜒的道路都變得筆直，“耶和華的榮耀將會顯明，凡是有血肉的都能目睹”。

This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.?With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.

這就是我們的希望，也是我將帶回南方的信念。有了這種信念，我們就能從絕望之山上找到希望之石。有了這種信念，我們就能把我們國家刺耳的異調(diào)調(diào)節(jié)成和諧的兄弟情誼的交響樂。有了這種信念，我們就能共同工作、共同祈禱、共同拼搏，共同進監(jiān)獄、共同捍衛(wèi)自由，并明白有一天我們將自由。

And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning:

這將成為所有上帝的子民能夠共同以新的含義歌唱的一天：

My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.

你是我的祖國，甜蜜的自由之地，我為你歌唱。

Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride,

這是我先祖?zhèn)內(nèi)ナ赖牡胤?，這是朝圣者為之驕傲的地方，

From every mountainside, let freedom ring!

讓自由從每一座山旁回響！

And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.

如果美國要變得偉大，這就必須成真。

And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.

因此，讓自由在新罕布什爾的高聳山巔上回響。

Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.

讓自由在紐約雄偉的高山上回響。

Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of?Pennsylvania.

讓自由在賓夕法尼亞的阿列根尼山最高處回響。

Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.

讓自由在科羅拉多覆雪的洛基山上回響。

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.

讓自由在加利福尼亞優(yōu)美的山坡上回響。

But not only that:

但不僅如此：

Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.

讓自由在佐治亞的石山回響。

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.

讓自由在田納西的瞭望山上回響。

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.

讓自由在密西西比的每一座山和土坡上回響。

From every mountainside, let freedom ring.

從每一座山旁，讓自由回響。

And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:

當這一切發(fā)生，當我們讓自由之聲響起，當我們讓自由在每一個村莊、每一個村莊、每一個州、每一個城市回響，我們將能夠讓那一天加速到來，那時所有上帝的子民、黑人和白人、猶太人和異教徒、新教徒和天主教徒，將能夠攜起手來，用古老的黑人精神領(lǐng)袖的話歌唱：

Free at last! Free at last!

終于自由了！終于自由了！

Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!

感謝全能的上帝，我們終于自由了！