science上面的

What are the reasons for skepticism?

There are several, Norman says. First, the undoped material, lead apatite, isn’t a metal but rather a nonconducting mineral. And that’s an unpromising starting point for making a superconductor. What’s more, lead and copper atoms have similar electronic structures, so substituting copper atoms for some of the lead atoms shouldn’t greatly affect the electrical properties of the material, Norman says. “You have a rock, and you should still end up with a rock.” On top of that, lead atoms are very heavy, which should suppress the vibrations and make it harder for electrons to pair, Norman explains.

Do the authors have an explanation for what’s going on?

The papers don’t provide a solid explanation of the physics at play. But the researchers speculate that within their material, the doping slightly distorts long, naturally occurring chains of lead atoms. They say the superconductivity might occur along these 1D channels. But that would be surprising, Norman says, because 1D systems don’t generally produce superconductivity. What’s more, the disorder introduced by the doping ought to further suppress superconductivity. “You have one dimension, which is bad, and you have disorder, which is also bad,” Norman says. Mason isn’t so certain. She notes that Lee and Kim also suggest that a kind of undulation of charge might exist in the chains and that similar charge patterns have been seen in high-temperature superconductors. “Maybe this material really just hits the sweet spot of a strongly interacting unconventional superconductor,” she says.

懷疑的理由是什么?

諾曼說，有幾個。首先，未摻雜的材料鉛磷灰石不是金屬，而是一種不導(dǎo)電的礦物。這是制造超導(dǎo)體的一個沒有希望的起點。更重要的是，鉛和銅原子具有相似的電子結(jié)構(gòu)，所以用銅原子代替一些鉛原子不會對材料的電性能產(chǎn)生很大的影響，諾曼說?！澳阌幸粔K石頭，你最終還是應(yīng)該得到一塊石頭。”最重要的是，鉛原子非常重，這應(yīng)該會抑制振動，使電子更難配對，諾曼解釋說。

作者對發(fā)生的事情有解釋嗎?

這些論文并沒有對其中的物理原理給出可靠的解釋。但研究人員推測，在他們的材料中，摻雜略微扭曲了自然形成的鉛原子長鏈。他們說，超導(dǎo)性可能沿著這些一維通道發(fā)生。但諾曼說，這將是令人驚訝的，因為一維系統(tǒng)通常不會產(chǎn)生超導(dǎo)性。此外，摻雜引入的無序性應(yīng)該會進一步抑制超導(dǎo)性。“你有一個維度，這是不好的，你有無序，這也是不好的，”諾曼說。梅森不太確定。她指出，Lee和Kim還提出，鏈中可能存在一種電荷波動，并且在高溫超導(dǎo)體中也看到了類似的電荷模式。她說:“也許這種材料真的正好擊中了強相互作用的非常規(guī)超導(dǎo)體的最佳位置。