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War and pissoirs: how the urinals of Paris helped beat the Nazis

戰(zhàn)爭與廁所:巴黎的小便亭如何幫助擊敗納粹

神秘深邃的亞文化……在巴黎中央市場的一個小便亭，1969年，興建于中央廣場。照片:巴黎警察檔案

Esoteric subcultures … a urinal at Les Halles, 1969, which appears in Les Tasses. Photograph: Archives of the Paris Police
At 11pm on 6 December 1876, policemen patrolling the Champs-élysées discovered a well-to-do bourgeois in a public toilet, engaged in what they described as “indecent exposure” with an 18-year-old labourer. The older man, it turned out, was the prominent Catholic politician Eugène de Germiny, a bastion of the reactionary right who railed against the government’s secular tendencies and advocated a society based on family, religion and a return to monarchy.

1876年12月6日晚上11點，一名在香榭麗舍大道巡邏的警察，在一間露天小便亭里發(fā)現(xiàn)，一名體面的中產(chǎn)階級人士正與一名18歲的工人發(fā)生著“不可描述的（身體）接觸”。后來查明，這名年紀較大的中產(chǎn)階級人士是著名的天主教政治家Eugène de Germiny，他是名死硬反動右派，懷有反對政府的世俗傾向，主張建立一個以家庭、宗教和回歸君主制為基礎的社會。

The press immediately called out Germiny’s double standards. Despite his protests – he claimed his adventure was merely “research” – he became a magnet for satire, his political opponents making much of his hypocrisy. The writer Gustav Flaubert described the scandal as a “comfort that encourages the will to live”. Germiny was sent to jail and went into exile on release.

新聞界隨即競相揭發(fā)Germiny的雙重標準。盡管他提出抗議，他聲稱自己的冒險只是為了“研究”，但他卻成了諷刺文學的磁石，他的政治對手充分利用了他的虛偽。作家古斯塔夫·福樓特(Gustav Flaubert)將這一丑聞描述為“一種鼓勵生存意志的安慰”。隨后Germiny被送進監(jiān)獄，之后釋放并流放。

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‘Ubiquitous sight’ … a urinal at Place de l’Ambigu, Paris, 1875. Photograph: The State Library of Victoria

1875年，巴黎，阿姆比古廣場的小便亭。照片:維多利亞國家圖書館

The police logbook detailing Germiny’s arrest is just one of dozens of exhibits that make up a small but fascinating exhibition exploring the secret history of Paris’s public urinals. Curated by photographer Marc Martin, it delivers an extraordinary account of sanitation, censure and sex that has remained largely untold until now. Visually, it’s gripping enough, from the image of Edgar Degas striding out of a pissotière to an overhead street shot by Brassai, and a picture by Henri Cartier-Bresson of US writer Charles Henri Ford zipping himself up. But more than anything, this show is remarkable for the story it tells.
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警方詳細記錄了Germiny被捕的全過程，這只是巴黎公共小便亭隱秘歷史的冰山一角。這本圖書是由攝影師馬克·馬丁策劃制作，講述了一段至今仍鮮為人知的關于衛(wèi)生、非難與性的奇妙故事。從封面上看，它足夠扣人心弦，從埃德加·德加(Edgar Degas)大步走出pissotiere的畫面，到布拉賽(Brassai)拍攝的高架街道，再到亨利·卡地亞(Henri Cartier)的照片

The primary function of the urinals, however, was soon subverted by other needs. The relative privacy accorded by the prefabricated confines of the pissotières provided a previously non-existent space for Paris’s marginalised population of homosexual men, presenting a haven in which they could engage in acts that would otherwise have seen them locked up. Indeed, as early as 1862, the city’s policemen were recording the existence of glory holes.

然而，小便亭的主要功能很快因其他需求而偏離了初衷。在巴黎，邊緣化的男同性戀原本沒有多少接觸空間，但小便亭四周圍繞的墻壁為他們提供了相對隱蔽的空間，給了他們一個避風港，他們可以在這里進行原本會被抓起來的活動。事實上，早在1862年，這座城市就有過警察記錄“榮耀之洞”的存在。

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60年代的男用尿壺。照片:馬克·馬丁提供

Men only … a vespasienne urinal in the 1960s. Photograph: Collection Marc Martin
A morality crusade against these “dens of vice” ensued. Surveillance – of the sort in Germiny’s story – was commonplace, and conservative commentators condemned public urinals as a stain on the city. “These Parisian vespasiennesare the exact equivalent of a chamber pot left uncovered in the sitting room,” thundered one newspaper, while another complained of the “debauchery that takes place in the capital’s urinals”.

一場反對“罪惡巢穴”的道德運動紛至沓來。類似像Germiny的事情到處都有發(fā)生，保守的評論家指責公共小便亭是城市的污點。一份報紙怒斥道:“這些巴黎的晚便池簡直就像擺在客廳里的尿壺?！倍硪环輬蠹垊t抱怨“首都的小便亭里充滿了墮落”。

The vespasiennes’ finest hour came during the German occupation of 1940-44, when the assault on freedom suddenly made the illicit encounters in public toilets seem relatively innocuous. “Under the Occupation, the streets were empty, but the pissotières were full,” recounted Roger Peyrefitte. Indeed, French, German and American soldiers would flock to the urinals to satisfy their needs. And, quite apart from sexuality, they served as important meeting places for résistants to exchange information on enemy troop movements.

小便亭最輝煌的時刻是在1940年至1944年的德國占領時期，當時對自由的侵犯突然讓在公共廁里發(fā)生的邪惡勾當顯得相對無害。Roger Peyrefitte說:“占領時期，街道上空無一人，但小便亭卻人滿為患?！笔聦嵣希▏?、德國和美國士兵會涌向小便亭以滿足他們的需要。除了性之外，它們還是抵抗者交流敵軍動向的重要場所。

‘Phallic’ … plan for an original pissoir. Photograph: Collection Marc Martin

**狀的小便亭

Despite their Nazi-fighting credentials, the postwar era saw the vespasiennescondemned to history. From 1960 onwards, they were gradually dismantled on the dubious pretext of low public usage. Only one – outside La Santé prison – remains. An afterlife of sorts existed in their terminal years: one vitrine here recounts the story of a madame pipi, or lavatory attendant, who rented out cubicles for rencontres homosexuels in 1988. But the glory days were over, and with them went an entire subculture.
It’s a sad ending to a show that demonstrates how these most humble, yet crucial, facets of urban infrastructure have had lasting effects on history. Even the grottiest of stories, it seems, can be epic in scale.

盡管他們是納粹士兵，但在戰(zhàn)后時代見證了被載入史冊的小便亭。但自1960年起，這些小便亭便以公眾使用率低為借口被逐漸拆除。只有在拉桑特監(jiān)獄外，僥幸留存一個。在它們生命的最后幾年，似乎存在著某種形式的來生，這里的一個展柜講述了一個名叫皮皮夫人(madame pipi)的廁所清潔工的故事，她在1988年向偶遇的同性戀者出租了廁所隔間。但小便亭輝煌時期已經(jīng)過去，隨之而來的是一種全新的亞文化。

評論翻譯
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：bluebit 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

Mujokan?
First you have to get up the guts to use it, then you have not to enjoy it. Quite a challenge.
"(or tasse, in the era’s argot, meaning “cup”)" -- I''''ve been thinking about how to punctuate that for about five minutes.

首先你必須鼓起勇氣去使用它，但你又無法接受。這是一個相當大的挑戰(zhàn)
“（或是tasse，在那個時代的黑話種代表的是”洞口“的含義）”這個詞讓我猶豫了快5分鐘。

SafePairOfHands Mujokan?
I’m sure there’s an outstanding pun someone could make for this story but I’m not going there.

我相信有人會為這個段子想出一個絕妙的隱喻，但我絕對想不出是這個

pithyblogname
WHO wouldn''''t claim research when getting caught engaging in nefarious activities?

當發(fā)現(xiàn)見不得人的活動時，睡不回去一探究竟呢？

Bebo21?
That was interesting and disturbing.

這東西讓人感到既有趣又讓人感到惶恐。

nickyscutt
Urinals defeated the nazis? Don’t take the piss.

難道小便亭是用來打納粹，而不是用來撒尿的？

billhargreaves nickyscutt?
You might have missed that Monty Python sketch.

你可能錯過了巨根劇團的演出.....

MsSnoopier?
Perhaps they should have installed a few along he French \\\\ Belguim border then.Would have stopped the Wehrmacht in its tracks

或許他們應該在法國比利時邊境裝上一些這個，阻止德軍進入。

RedStarTrout MsSnoopier
Do you think that would have saved the French army the 50-90,000 dead they suffered in 1940?

你認為這東西能救回來1940年那些慘死的5到9萬人嗎？