Transcript

Note: This is not a word for word transcript??

Sam

Hello. This is 6 Minute English, I'm Sam.?

Neil

And I'm Neil.?

Sam

Do you like sad music, Neil??

Neil

Well, when I was younger and if I had a break-up with a girlfriend I would listen to sad songs, songs which reflected my mood.?

Sam

And do you still listen to those songs now??

Neil

Not so much, but I do still like them.?

Sam

Well, it seems as if there might be a biological reason why some of us do like sad songs. We’ll look at this topic a little more after this week’s quiz question, which is about music videos. The music video has been around for a while, but in what year was MTV, the first dedicated music video channel, launched in the US? Was it…?

A: 1981,

B: 1982, or

C: 1983??

Neil

Well…?

Sam

What do you think, Neil??

Neil

I’m going to guess. Is it the early 1980s??

Sam

Well, yes. Care to be more specific??

Neil

Well… Well, it was a long time ago – I was just a small boy. I'm going to go for 1982.?

Sam

OK, I’ll have answer later in the programme. But first, more about sad songs. Professor David Huron from Ohio State University has conducted research in this area and he discussed it recently on a BBC World Service radio programme - The Why Factor. He was looking at why some people like sad music and other people really don’t like it all, as he says they just?can’t stand?it. He believes it’s to do with a?hormone. A?hormone?is a natural chemical in our bodies which can have an effect on various systems and also emotions. Listen out for the name of the?hormone?he mentions.?

Professor Huron

One of the things that we were interested in was ‘what’s the difference between people who listen to sad music and who love it, and people who listen to sad music and who just?can’t stand?it'. In our research, it started pointing towards a?hormone?called prolactin. Now, prolactin, as you might have guessed from the name, is associated with ‘lactation’from breast-feeding. When people cry, they also release prolactin. And, there are circumstances in which prolactin seems to have this?comforting?effect.?

Sam

So which?hormone?did he mention??

Neil

He talked about the?hormone?called prolactin which he said was connected to?lactation. This is the production of milk by mammals to feed their young.?

Sam

What he noted was that this?hormone?can be released when people cry and in some cases this?hormone?has a?comforting?effect. When something is?comforting, it makes you feel better, it calms your emotions. Let’s listen again.?

Professor Huron

One of the things that we were interested in was ‘what’s the difference between people who listen to sad music and who love it, and people who listen to sad music and who just?can’t stand?it. In our research, it started pointing towards a?hormone?called prolactin. Now, prolactin, as you might have guessed from the name, is associated with ‘lactation’from breast-feeding. When people cry, they also release prolactin. And, there are circumstances in which prolactin seems to have this?comforting?effect.?

Sam

So, what conclusions did he make about this?hormone?and how it might be working? Professor Huron explains.?

Professor Huron

So the thought was that, perhaps?what’s going on?is that the people who are enjoying listening to sad music are receiving some sort of?excess?of prolactin, and people who are listening to sad music and they just find it incredibly sad and unhelpful and they just don’t want to listen to it, maybe they’re not getting enough prolactin when they listen to the music.?

Sam

So what is happening? Or as Professor Huron said,?what’s?going on??

Neil

Well, it seems quite simple, though I’m sure it’s very complicated. People who like sad music are maybe getting too much prolactin or more than is normal – he describes this as an?excess of?prolactin. And maybe people who don’t like sad music aren’t getting enough.?

Sam

So, the idea is that prolactin is a?hormone?which we find?comforting. If our bodies release it when we hear sad music, it gives us a good feeling – but if prolactin isn’t released or there isn’t enough of it, we just find the sad music sad and it doesn’t help to cheer us up.?

Neil

I guess so, but you know emotions are funny things - it’s weird to think that our feelings are caused by different natural chemicals that run around the body. Absolutely! OK, we’re going to take another look at today’s vocabulary but first, the answer to this week’s quiz. The music video has been around for a while, but in what year was MTV, the first dedicated music video channel, launched in the US? Was it…?

A: 1981,

B: 1982, or

C: 1983??

And Neil, you said…?

Neil

I said it was definitely the early 80s.?

Sam

Well, you’re not wrong there, but which year exactly??

Neil

‘82??

Sam

Ah well, you’ll need to dig out a sad song to make you feel better now because the answer was 1981.?

Neil

Oh dear, I can feel my prolactin levels dropping already!?

Sam

I’m sure you can’t! But let’s move on to vocabulary. If you?can’t stand?something, it means you really don’t like it.?

Neil

A?hormone?is one of the body’s natural chemicals.?

Sam

And the hormone prolactin is connected with?lactation, which is the production of milk by mammals.?

Neil

Something that is?comforting?makes you feel better emotionally.?

Sam

The phrase?what’s going on?has a very similar meaning to 'what’s happening'.?

Neil

And an?excess?of something is 'too much or a more than normal amount of that thing'.?

Sam

Well, before you have an?excess?of our company, we should wrap up. Thanks for listening and we hope you’ll join us again soon. As ever, don’t forget that you can find more from the BBC Learning English team online, across social media and on our very own app! Bye for now!?

Neil

Goodbye!

Vocabulary

can’t stand

have a strong dislike of?

hormone

a natural chemical produced in the body?

lactation

the process in mammals of producing milk

comforting

calming and soothing, making you feel better emotionally?

what’s going on

what’s happening?

an excess of

too much or a more than normal amount of something

=========================================================

雙語版Transcript

Hello. This is 6 Minute English, I'm Sam.

大家好，這里是六分鐘英語，我是薩姆。

And I'm Neil.

我是尼爾。

Do you like sad music, Neil?

你喜歡傷感音樂嗎，尼爾？

Well, when I was younger and if I had a break-up with a girlfriend I would listen to sad songs, songs which reflected my mood.

嗯，我年輕的時候，如果我和女朋友分手了，我會聽傷感歌曲，那些體現(xiàn)我情緒的歌曲。

And do you still listen to those songs now?

你現(xiàn)在還聽那些歌嗎？

Not so much, but I do still like them.

不太聽，但我還是挺喜歡的。

Well, it seems as if there might be a biological reason why some of us do like sad songs.

嗯，看起來我們中的一些人喜歡傷感歌曲可能是生物學(xué)上的原因。

We’ll look at this topic a little more after this week’s quiz question, which is about music videos.

在本周測試問題之后，我們將進(jìn)一步討論這個話題，測試問題是關(guān)于音樂視頻的。

The music video has been around for a while, but in what year was MTV, the first dedicated music video channel, launched in the US?

音樂視頻已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)有一段時間了，但是第一個專門的音樂視頻頻道MTV是哪一年在美國推出的呢？

Was it…?

A: 1981

B: 1982

C: 1983

是

A: 1981年

B: 1982年

C: 1983年

Well…

好吧……

What do you think, Neil?

你覺得呢，尼爾？

I’m going to have a guess. Is it the early 1980s?

我猜一下。是20世紀(jì)80年代初嗎？

Well, yes. Care to be more specific?

好吧，是的?？梢哉f得更具體些嗎？

Well… Well, it was a long time ago – I was just a small boy. I'm going to go for 1982.

好吧……嗯，那是很久以前的事了——我當(dāng)時還是個小男孩。我選1982年。

OK, I’ll have answer later in the programme. But first, more about sad songs.

好的，稍后我會在節(jié)目中揭曉答案。但首先，是更多關(guān)于傷感歌曲的內(nèi)容。

Professor David Huron from Ohio State University has conducted research in this area and he discussed it recently on a BBC World Service radio programme - The Why Factor.

俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的大衛(wèi)·休倫教授在這一領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了研究，他最近在BBC全球服務(wù)節(jié)目The Why Factor中討論了這一問題。

He was looking at why some people like sad music and other people really don’t like it all, as he says they just can’t stand it.

他在研究為什么有些人喜歡傷感音樂，而另一些人則真的一點(diǎn)兒都不喜歡，正如他所說的，他們那些人就是無法忍受傷感音樂。

He believes it’s to do with a hormone.

他認(rèn)為這與激素有關(guān)。

A hormone is a natural chemical in our bodies which can have an effect on various systems and also emotions.

激素是我們體內(nèi)的一種天然化學(xué)物質(zhì)，它可以影響各種系統(tǒng)和情緒。

Listen out for the name of the hormone he mentions.

仔細(xì)聽一聽他提到的激素的名字。

One of the things that we were interested in was ‘what’s the difference between people who listen to sad music and who love it, and people who listen to sad music and who just can’t stand it'.

我們感興趣的事情之一是“聽到傷感音樂就喜歡的人與聽到傷感音樂就無法容忍的人之間有什么不同”。

In our research, it started pointing towards a hormone called prolactin.

在我們的研究中，它開始指向一種叫做催乳激素的激素。

Now, prolactin, as you might have guessed from the name, is associated with ‘lactation’ from breast-feeding.

現(xiàn)在，從名字上你可能已經(jīng)猜到，催乳激素與母乳喂養(yǎng)中的“泌乳”有關(guān)。

When people cry, they also release prolactin.

當(dāng)人們哭泣時，他們也會釋放催乳激素。

And, there are circumstances in which prolactin seems to have this comforting effect.

而且在某些情況下，催乳激素似乎有這種安慰作用。

So which hormone did he mention?

所以他提到了哪種激素？

He talked about the hormone called prolactin which he said was connected to lactation.

他談到了一種叫做催乳激素的激素，他說這種激素與泌乳有關(guān)。

This is the production of milk by mammals to feed their young.

這是哺乳動物為了喂養(yǎng)幼崽而產(chǎn)奶的過程。

What he noted was this hormone can be released when people cry and in some cases this hormone has a comforting effect.

他指出，這種激素會在人們哭泣時被釋放出來，而且在某些情況下這種激素有安慰作用。

When something is comforting, it makes you feel better, it calms your emotions.

當(dāng)某事是令人感到安慰時，它會讓人感覺好一些，會讓人們的情緒平靜下來。

Let’s listen again.

讓我們再聽一遍。

One of the things that we were interested in was ‘what’s the difference between people who listen to sad music and who love it, and people who listen to sad music and who just can’t stand it.

我們感興趣的事情之一是“聽到傷感音樂就喜歡的人與聽到傷感音樂就無法容忍的人之間有什么不同”。

In our research, it started pointing towards a hormone called prolactin.

在我們的研究中，它開始指向一種叫做催乳激素的激素。

Now, prolactin, as you might have guessed from the name, is associated with ‘lactation’ from breast-feeding.

現(xiàn)在，從名字上你可能已經(jīng)猜到，催乳激素與母乳喂養(yǎng)中的“泌乳”有關(guān)。

When people cry, they also release prolactin.

當(dāng)人們哭泣時，他們也會釋放催乳激素。

And, there are circumstances in which prolactin seems to have this comforting effect.

而且在某些情況下，催乳激素似乎有這種安慰作用。

So, what conclusions did he make about this hormone and how it might be working?

那么，關(guān)于這種激素，他得出了什么結(jié)論？它是如何起作用的？

Professor Huron explains.

休倫教授進(jìn)行了解釋。

So the thought was that, perhaps what’s going on is that the people who are enjoying listening to sad music are receiving some sort of excess of prolactin,

因此，人們的觀點(diǎn)是，也許正在發(fā)生的事情是，那些享受聽傷感音樂的人催乳激素過多，

and people who are listening to sad music and they just find it incredibly sad and unhelpful and they just don’t want to listen to it,

而那些聽到傷感音樂卻只覺得非常悲傷和無助的人，他們并不想聽傷感音樂，

maybe they’re not getting enough prolactin when they listen to the music.

也許他們聽到那種音樂時沒有產(chǎn)生足夠的催乳激素。

So what is happening? Or as Professor Huron said, what’s going on?

發(fā)生什么事了？或者像休倫教授說的，怎么了？

Well, it seems quite simple, though I’m sure it’s very complicated.

嗯，看起來似乎很簡單，然而我確信它很復(fù)雜。

People who like sad music are maybe getting too much prolactin or more than is normal – he describes this as an excess of prolactin.

喜歡傷感音樂的人可能催乳激素分泌過多，或者超過正常水平——他將其形容為催乳激素過量。

And maybe people who don’t like sad music aren’t getting enough.

也許那些不喜歡傷感音樂的人沒有足夠的催乳激素。

So, the idea is that prolactin is a hormone which we find comforting.

所以人們認(rèn)為催乳激素是一種令人感到安慰的激素。

If our bodies release it when we hear sad music, it gives us a good feeling

當(dāng)我們聽到傷感音樂時，如果我們的身體釋放催乳激素，它會給我們一種舒服的感覺

– but if prolactin isn’t released or there isn’t enough of it, we just find the sad music sad and it doesn’t help to cheer us up.

——但是如果催乳激素沒有被釋放出來或者沒有足夠的催乳激素，我們就會發(fā)現(xiàn)傷感音樂很悲傷，它不會幫助我們振作起來。

I guess so, but you know emotions are funny things - it’s weird to think that our feelings are caused by different natural chemicals that run around the body.

我想是的，但是你知道情緒是很有趣的事情——認(rèn)為我們的情緒是由遍布全身的不同自然化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起的，這很奇怪。

Absolutely!

絕對！

OK, we’re going to take another look at today’s vocabulary but first, the answer to this week’s quiz.

好的，我們來看看今天的詞匯，但是首先，揭曉本周測驗(yàn)問題的答案。

The music video has been around for a while, but in what year was MTV, the first dedicated music video channel, launched in the US?

音樂視頻已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)有一段時間了，但是第一個專門的音樂視頻頻道MTV是哪一年在美國推出的呢？

Was it…?

A: 1981

B: 1982

C: 1983

是

A: 1981年

B: 1982年

C: 1983年

And Neil, you said…

尼爾，你說……

Only said it was definitely the early 80s.

我只說絕對是80年代初。

Well, you’re not wrong there, but which year exactly?

好吧，你那么說沒錯，但具體是哪一年呢？

‘82?

1982年？

Ah well, you’ll need to dig out a sad song to make you feel better now because the answer was 1981.

啊，你得找首傷感歌曲來安慰自己了，因?yàn)榇鸢甘?981年。

Oh dear, I can feel my prolactin levels dropping already!

哦，天哪，我感覺我的催乳激素水平已經(jīng)下降了！

I’m sure you can’t!

我確信你不會的！

But let’s move on to vocabulary.

但是讓我們繼續(xù)詞匯部分。

If you can’t stand something, it means you really don’t like it.

如果你不能忍受某事，那就意味著你真的不喜歡它。

A hormone is one of the body’s natural chemicals.

激素是體內(nèi)的天然化學(xué)物質(zhì)之一。

And the hormone prolactin is connected with lactation, which is the production of milk by mammals.

催乳激素與泌乳有關(guān)，它是哺乳動物分泌乳汁的過程。

Something that is comforting makes you feel better emotionally.

令人安慰的事物會讓你情緒上感覺好些。

The phrase what’s going on has a very similar meaning to 'what’s happening'.

詞組“怎么了”和“發(fā)生什么事了”有非常相似的意思。

And an excess of something is 'too much or a more than normal amount of that thing'.

某物過多是指“某物過量或超過正常量”。

Well, before you have an excess of our company, we should wrap up.

好吧，在超過公司節(jié)目正常時長之前，我們該結(jié)束了。

Thanks for listening and we hope you’ll join us again soon.

感謝你的收聽，希望你能很快再次參與我們的節(jié)目。

Bye for now!