這是復(fù)旦附中高三新近開學(xué)就做的一套100題的語法單選練習(xí)"Grammar Ninjia Contest"。本文選擇了前22道。題目涵蓋了高中的核心主干語法，即圍繞著非謂語動詞而展開的時態(tài)，語態(tài)，還有從句等等句法的考察。按理說，語法這般嚴苛的考察，應(yīng)該是高一高二的事情了，但四校就是四校，高三開學(xué)伊始，就要給大家一個下馬威，用有相當難度的語法選擇題來重溫最基礎(chǔ)也最重要的的語法。

同學(xué)們可以挑戰(zhàn)一下，不管高一，高二還是高三。保證酸爽。

參考答案：BACCB/CABBB/BCBDD/AABDC/AA

22道語法選擇題

1.They quarreled over the question _______had the biggest contribution to the football team.

A.as to whom

B.who

C. that who

D.which

2. Travelers to that area can carry diseases to their own countries that have never experienced

A.them B.it

C.themselves

D.itself

3.________, I strongly believe, and you will find Jimmy, our military trainer who is fresh fromuniversity, very outgoing.

A.Having a talk with himB. Given a talk with him

C. One talk with himD. If you have a talk with him

4. Folded in the envelope was a card,______with a message under the printed Happy Birthday.

A.what B.which C.one D.that

5.Seldom are the books written_______present practical information_______relates directly todaily classroom instruction.

A././ B.which..that C.what..which D.that…what

6.The company wanted to know if the places he had written about, and in particular his native village, where most of his novels took place ______the only topics he could deal with.

A.in which B. was C. were D.where

7. Under the pressure of inflation, many families, nowadays in China, cry helplessly over _____ is left of their homes.

A.what

B.which

C. there

D.that

8. Smith is expecting a pay rise,______are several other salesmen in the team.

A.which

B.as

C.what

D. there

9.________halfway through our exercise, the teacher changed her mind and collected all ourpapers.

A. When being B. When we were C. Since we were D. Having been

10.Mothers can be seen leaving supermarkets with trolleys piled high with"junk food". Their families are eating far more calories than________good for them.

A. that is B.are

C./

D. those are

11.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the extent________they ean becontrolled on purpose.

A. with which B. to which

C.of which

D.in which

12.The connection between Paul of the New Orleans Hornets and James of the Miami Heat has strengthened during the past seven years, to the point________James thinks of Paul as his best friend in the NBA.

A. which B.what C.that D.where

13.Throughout the history of the Olympic Games ordinary men and women have shown extraordinary sportsmanship,___it is an athlete helping to fix the bicycle of his opponent or two athletes from warring nations walking arm-in-arm before the world.

A.no matter B.whether C. provided D.whatever

14.Constant positive remarks lead ___confidence quickly.

A. students to gaining B.to students to gain

C.students' to gain D.to students gaining

15. ______,the amount of money left in the bank was only 100 dollars.

A. Having paid his taxesB. Paying his taxes

C. Having been paid to taxes D. After his taxes had been paid

16.I have two job candidates, one of ______graduating from Harvard, and_______from Oxford.Which do you think is the better?

A. them, the other B.them, other

C.whom, the other

D.whom, another

17.All of a sudden, he paused, and looked forward as though_____his direction.

A. to check B. check

C.to checking D. to be checking

18.________about how to prevent the crisis, the boss glanced up, only to find all the employees' _______ gaze on him

A.Concerned..concerning B.Concerned...concerned

C. Concerning…concerning D.Concerning…concerned

19.San Diego's Zoo,Wild Animal Park, and Sea World are places where residents and visitors alike can enjoy rare animals and plants in shows and exhibitions, _______in part by San Diego's climate.

A.made it possible

B. making it possible C. making possible

D.made possible

20.No British Christmas dinner is complete without the iconic Christmas pudding, ______at the very end of the meal.

A.to serve

B. serving

C. served

D.being served

21._______, I demanded his telling me nothing but the truth.

A. Knowing Jack to be honestB. Having known Jack being honest

C. Having known Jack honestD. Knowing Jack being honest

22.Days shy of his 18th birthday, Su Yiming of China followed up last week's silver in slope style by earning another Olympic medal Tuesday,______a pair of 1800s on his first two runs to strike gold in men's snowboard big air.

A.landing B.to land C.landed D. having landed

詳細解答：

1. 顯然question后是一個從句。

首先判明the question與后面從句在意義和語法上的關(guān)系。易知，the question 與 誰 had the biggest contribution to the football team，是同義的(后者是前者的具體解釋)。吻合同位語從句“前抽象+后解釋”的結(jié)構(gòu)，故此處為同位語從句。那么直接用疑問代詞who引導(dǎo)即可。

注：who的關(guān)系從句中與who的名詞從句中的的最顯著區(qū)別，就是后者是從who的特殊疑問句而來，依然帶有疑問之意。而前者則無，who單純是引導(dǎo)詞，指代前面的某人。

2. 這個句子，為了考察前后的指代關(guān)系，出得有些刻意，現(xiàn)實中一般不會這樣容易引起歧義地表達。

首先，弄清楚這里的定語從句that指代的是their own countries，而非 diseases。

那么句意較為自然地解讀為：他們的自己的國家沒有罹患過這些疾病。注意前述的疾病為復(fù)數(shù)，所以，用 them指代。

不過，如果此處把experience視為不及物或者說刻意省略掉其后的物，那么此處可以解讀為their own countries have never experienced(diseases)(by)themselves. 句意基本不變，只是themselves 作為反身代詞，指代這些國家了。帶有一絲強調(diào)之意。

所以，這個題目按照單純語法角度，A是自然的答案，但按照出題人的“別有用心”，有可能指向答案C

3. 這個題目，其實是考察一個交際用語中的習(xí)慣句式。即：祈使句，and you will...?？梢哉f從初中開始，就做過類似的題目。只不過置于高中語法的語境中，就刻意代入了非謂語動詞的復(fù)雜背景來做干擾。

同學(xué)們需要有一雙慧眼，看破這種迷霧，還原出根本的語法。容易排除掉ABD, 選C. 因為僅有C是一個祈使句(雖然是不常見的名詞型祈使句)

注：祈使句常見的動詞型的，像Come on!, 但也有名詞型(例如 silence!)和副詞型(Quickly!)

4. 這是one做同位語的一個典型場景。至于其他選項，在看清楚“with....birthday”的部分并非句子之后，可馬上排除從句的可能(因為缺少謂語動詞)。

簡化一下原句：there is a card，one with...(with...短語，做后置定語修飾one)

5. 又是倒裝句開頭來提升拆解難度，此句的題眼是written，可以判斷written僅能視作修飾the books的后置定語(沒有在從句中起作用的可能),雖然這樣使用有一點少見(多做前置定語)。

所以本句簡化為：the written books are seldom _______ present practical information _______ relates directly todaily classroom instruction.

易判斷兩處皆為定語從句，第一空引導(dǎo)詞做主語(先行詞books)，第二空引導(dǎo)詞同樣做主語(先行詞為information)，因為有present和relates兩個謂語動詞來判斷。

所以，that, which 都可以用在這里，答案選B

多說一點，that, which最好各用一次，這樣句子表達更舒服(無重復(fù)感)。

6. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，因為有and...和where...部分的干擾。但如果能化繁為簡，這個題目答案卻又呼之欲出。

The company wanted to know if sth _____ the only topics. 顯然答案為were(復(fù)數(shù)topics可輔助判斷)

7. 此題較容易 many families cry over _____ is left of their homes. 顯然為賓語從句，用what

cry over sth 為...而哭泣。

8. 此句考察連詞as的一種獨特用法，就是類似so用法的省略句(也是倒裝句)?？聪掳裺o代入，是不是就很自然了。

9. CD的非謂語用法都是錯誤的，因為本句的主語為the teacher, 而前面的非謂語的邏輯主語應(yīng)該是we((句子主語應(yīng)該與充當狀語作用的非謂語的邏輯主語統(tǒng)一). 顯然，B更吻合句意。

10. 此題較難，考察than在做比較的特殊用法，建議同學(xué)們直接這樣記：than+ (情態(tài)動詞)be 動詞 / 助動詞，這就是慣常結(jié)構(gòu)，不能多，也不能少。原句顯然是省略句，大致可以還原為：Their families are eating far more calories than calories that are good for them。也就是說還原后的句子，than前后對比的東西，是對等的。是一種calories與另一種calories的對比。

calories是復(fù)數(shù)，后用are.

11. 此題定語從句，考察介詞+引導(dǎo)詞的使用。，關(guān)鍵還是讀懂extent在此句中的作用和它自身的慣常用法“to the extent of / to some extent”

句子意思：人類的面部表情與動物的面部表情不同點是在 程度上。(是在什么程度上呢?)是面部表情能夠被刻意控制到哪一程度上。

12. 此句出得不妥，因為that, where均可。where比that稍微正式點，且where用得更多些(我查了一下詞頻)。另外，此從句既可視作定語從句，也可以同位語從句來對待。

大家記?。簍o a/the point where/that...這種較為高級的表達。

13. no matter+how/when/where/what/who...后面的疑問詞不可省。

Provided 倘若，表示假設(shè)某種情形，此處語境不夠吻合

whatever引導(dǎo)名詞從句，且在從句中本身要充當成分，whatever happens, we will fight until the end.

此句考察的就是whether引導(dǎo)的表條件的從句的一種少見用法，即就是在我們慣常的“非此即彼”的二元選擇之外，還可以是多種可能里的兩種或多種選擇。

例如：Whether the thing is red, yellow or white, i will choose it.

所以顯然，原句就是舉了奧林匹克運動中無處不在的體育家精神中的2種案例。

翻譯的話就是：不管是...亦或是...

14. 考察lead動詞用法：lead to sth, lead sb to sth, lead sb to do sth

結(jié)合語境，理論上可以有這樣3種表達：lead to students’/students gaining confidence, lead students to gaining confidence， lead students to gain confidence. 均可。對照選項，有AD.但A極不常見，所以選D。當然，最好最自然的表達是lead students to gain confidence

注意：動名詞前的邏輯主語，一般是用名詞所有格，不過，在動名詞充當主語之外的結(jié)構(gòu)時，也可以用普通格。此處即是一例。

15. 與第9題類似，考察了“非謂語動詞的邏輯主語應(yīng)該與謂語動詞的主語一致”的語法，可迅速排除ABD，選擇D，從句的表達。

16. 題眼是graduating，此處顯然是非謂語動詞，故排除從句的可能?？膳懦鼵D。再看下句子，在明確的2人中，表達另一個，用the other. 選A.

17. 考察 as if/though的一種特殊用法，即“省略式地表達”，一般會省略掉主語和助動詞，而是直接接現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞，形容詞/副詞，介詞短語。當然，還可以接不定式(此時相當于省略了主語+want)。

此題中，還原完整句子：

as though checking his direction = as though he was checking his direction 好像他正在檢查方位

as though to check his direction = as though he wanted to check his direction.好像他想檢查一下方位。

兩種句意都可。

不過，對照選項，僅能選A

18. 主要考察concern的用法。抓住一點 concern表“影響”“牽涉”“使...擔心”，受影響/被牽涉到的、擔心的，那就是動作的 承受者，就要用被動，此句中，the boss 是受...影響(一般就意譯為擔心...), 所以用concerned 過去分詞;employees gaze, 是“體現(xiàn)出擔心的眼神注目，同樣用concerned，這里，可以用worried等價來理解, worried looks and concerned gaze. 選B

19. 這個是考察非謂語動詞的短語，做表結(jié)果的狀語，最好的解法，就是將這種省略式的表達，還原為從句的完整表達，結(jié)合語境，顯然用which引導(dǎo),關(guān)系從句，先行詞是前面的整個狀況(居民和游客可以欣賞到稀有的動植物展覽) ...which is made possible in part by...。根據(jù)非謂語與從句的變換原則，顯然選D.

因為：由從句簡化為非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，通常就是省掉該引導(dǎo)用的連詞+be動詞或have助動詞

20. 在單純地非謂語動詞的選擇中，有一條基本的原則，就是”從簡“，此題，結(jié)合句意，需表達被動，所以用served.

21. 考察know的用法 know sb to do sth習(xí)慣搭配(即動詞不定式). 僅A正確。不過，一般這個表達，know多用完成式,I have know her to be a spy.(沒這個選項)

22 因為涉及到一點東奧比賽項目的專業(yè)名詞，所以，并不能讀懂全部細節(jié)。不過，可以判斷l(xiāng)and是主動，不涉及到被動語態(tài)。且在此句中______ a pair of .....應(yīng)該整體是解釋他周四奪得第二枚獎牌的具體過程/原因。landing與having landed在語法上皆可。前者一般式，后者完成式。在前2跳中的land與奪得(strike)金牌，這2個動詞確實是有時間上的先后之分，不過因為時間與因果的邏輯關(guān)系清晰，不可能產(chǎn)生誤解，且兩個動作是緊挨地發(fā)生的，所以，還是推薦遵照”從簡“原則，用一般式landing即可。