Reading a river is no different than reading a book, you just need to understand the language you need to have, the vocabulary we are going to introduce to you all the different types of features in a river once you know those features and known by name, you're then gonna be able to put the pieces together to come up with what the rapid is really doing.

What we are gonna teach you in reading a river is simply being able to identify the proper route through the river, and the proper way to get through a rapid is easily as possible with the skills that you have.

Reading a river as a Superfund part of whitewater kayaking because every rapid is a little bit different and everyone tells a little different story, some Rapids are long, long, they read like a long chapter, some of them are super short and they read like a sentence.

Those are the easiest ones, so let's first introduce to you each individual feature.

The first feature I want to introduce to you is the eddy, there are several parts of an ATA you want to be aware of, the anatomy of an eddy, the first is the top of an eddy, the top of an eddy is the very most upstream side of the eddy.

It's usually up against a rock or red against the shore around a corner, then you have the bottom of the eddy, the bottom is the most downstream side where the where the eddy or the slow water starts disappearing and turning back into current.

You also have the eddy line, and the eddy line separates the current from the Eddie.

Understanding the eddy line is key, which is a separate feature in itself, lastly, you need to know about the pocket of the ad, the pocket is the most stationary or upstream moving current and the eddy that's the place where if you can get your kayak to.

You're going to be able to sit there and hang out.

The next feature I want to introduce is the hole, the hole is probably the most misunderstood feature in all of river running, and the reason is because paul's take a little bit of skill to work with.

And what a hole is, is it simply where the water rushes over Iraq?

Creates a trough in the river and the downstream water fills in on itself fills the trough in creating a foam plough do you see a wave breaking and the ocean that foam pile is essentially a hole same thing out here on the river.

Now that anatomy of a whole a whole has several parts, you need to be aware of the foam pile that's the upstream rushing water, what we call the boil line that separates the water, kinda like the bottom of the hole separates where the water starts going down stream again.

And with the water still rushing upstream, you also have the corners of the hole, the corners of the hole where the foam pile disappears in her back into the current very similar to.

The corners of eddies.

Now the next thing you need to be aware of is the shape of a hole when we talked about the shape, the shape is if you had a bird's eye view looking facing downstream and looking at the foam file.

If the if the foam pile is straight across to it is called a straight hole the phone while it looks like a smiley face, where the corners are further downstream.

Then the center of the hole, we call it a smiley hall, if the corners are more upstream we call a pocket hole or a frown e hole, the last kind of hole is a diagonal hole one where the foam pile.

Runs diagonally across the river, meaning one end is further downstream and the other end is further upstream, each one of these holes, you'll deal with slightly differently, and we'll get into that in the techniques section of how to go through holes.

Another awesome feature and white water rivers are rocks, rocks are pretty much what makes the white water the rocks are the the bottom of the river, the rock sometimes are large boulders or just little rocks in the river you're gonna find all of these things.

And almost every white water river you run.

Well, you basically need to be able to identify with Iraq is whether that rock is friendly or whether the rock is not friendly.

Most rocks in a river are quite friendly, you'll find that they have pillows on them, they tend to be smooth enough that you can paddle around them, you can paddle over them, you can bump into them, there are a few rocks out there that you most definitely need to be aware of.

Those types of rocks are number one, fan rocks are very sharp rocks, or the water hit some in russia's past, some very fast.

Those were rocks are not friendly because they tend to get a kayak stuck or pinned on them, they can be sharp, but also that they do not create any kind of a pillow, so that water rushes by him very quickly.

You also have what's called undercut, rocks undercut rocks are simply rocks that are sitting on top of something, and what happens is that some of the water goes under them, creating what's called a sieve.

An undercut rock is dangerous because not only can the water go under under the rock, but also boats and bodies potentially can go under there, causing a pen and trap meant or even a death and worst case scenario.

Now the cool thing about rocks or most of them are extremely safe, but it is key as a river runner that you can identify dangerous rock from friendly rock and we'll go over those as well.

The next feature you're gonna find in a river as the eddy line, is what separates the current gone down river with the slack water, which is called the Eddie now in any line comes in a lot of different forms, you've got crisp.

Player any lines which are sharp line between the current and the eddy, those are the easiest to deal with, you also have wide ad lines, mushy any lines or otherwise known as boiling eddy lines.

Does any lines, if you look at it, you don't actually see a distinct line between the current and the eddy current almost fades out and then slowly turns into an eddy, so it's a little less distinct.

Another thing you're going to find with any lines is how strong the current differential is, some eddy lines are super strong, it's really a fast current, and then a really strong eddy, so the current differential is huge and the difference between the current and the eddy is extremely visible.

Then you've got slow or slack, moving water with a very much you're very slow, eddy current differential is much smaller.

The next feature I want to introduce you to his ways now waves are awesome part of river running waves are what makes your boat bounce up and down waves are things that you can surf in the river I mean, waves make kayaking unbelievably fun.

Awesome now what you're going to find in a way, the anatomy of a wave is the peak which is the very top of the wave, then you have the trough which is the very bottom of the deepest depression, you also have the shoulders of the waves and shoulders the most.

To the right or left of the wave is a wave starts to disappear as we discuss how to go through waves you're in, you need to know that that terminology because we are going to refer to it quite a bit.

閱讀河流和閱讀一本書沒有什么不同，你只需要理解你需要掌握的語(yǔ)言，我們將向你介紹河流中所有不同類型特征的詞匯，一旦你知道這些特征的名字，你就能夠把這些碎片拼湊起來，想出激流真正在做什么。

我們要教你讀懂河流的方法，就是用你所掌握的技能，找出穿過河流的正確路線，以及盡可能輕松地通過急流的正確方法。

閱讀一條河流作為激流皮劃艇的超級(jí)基金，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)激流都有一點(diǎn)不同，每個(gè)人講述的故事都有一點(diǎn)不同，有些激流很長(zhǎng)，讀起來像一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的章節(jié)，有些非常短，讀起來像一個(gè)句子。

這些都是最簡(jiǎn)單的，所以讓我們首先向你介紹每個(gè)單獨(dú)的功能。

我想給大家介紹的第一個(gè)特征是渦流，你要知道洄水的幾個(gè)部分，渦流的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)，第一個(gè)是渦流的頂部，渦流的頂部是D的最上游。

它通?？吭趲r石上，或者紅色靠在拐角處的岸邊，然后是渦流的底部，底部是渦流或慢水開始消失并重新變成水流的最下游的一側(cè)。

你還有渦流線，渦流線將主流和渦流分開。

了解渦流線是關(guān)鍵，這本身就是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的功能，最后，你需要知道水袋，口袋是最多的文具或上游流動(dòng)的主流，渦流是如果你能讓你的皮艇到達(dá)的地方。

你就可以坐在那里閑逛了。

我想介紹的下一個(gè)功能是水洞，洞可能是所有河流中最容易被誤解的功能，原因是需要一點(diǎn)技巧。

洞是什么洞，就是水流沖過巖石的地方。

在河里形成一個(gè)槽，下游的水自己填滿這個(gè)槽。在形成泡沫沖擊的過程中，你會(huì)看到海浪在海洋中破碎，泡沫堆積在河上，這基本上是一回事。

水就像洞的底部分開，水又開始順流而下，隨著水繼續(xù)逆流而上，你也會(huì)看到洞的角落，洞的角落，或者泡沫堆消失在她的背后，進(jìn)入水流中。

與渦流的角非常相似，接下來你需要注意的是整體的形狀，當(dāng)我們談?wù)撨@個(gè)形狀時(shí)，如果你鳥瞰朝向下游。

看泡沫銼，如果泡沫堆是直的，我們就把它叫做泡沫直孔，而在角落更下游的地方，它看起來像一個(gè)笑臉。

然后在洞的中心，我們稱之為笑臉堂，如果角落更上游，我們稱之為口袋洞或皺眉邪惡，最后一種洞是對(duì)角線洞，泡沫堆對(duì)角線穿過河流的意思。

兩條河流都是巖石，巖石幾乎是造成白水的原因巖石是河底，巖石有時(shí)是大圓石，有時(shí)只是河里的小石頭。你會(huì)在幾乎每一條白水河流中發(fā)現(xiàn)所有這些東西。

你基本上需要能夠認(rèn)同，不管那塊石頭是友好的還是不友好的，河里的大多數(shù)石頭都很友好，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們上面有枕頭，它們往往足夠光滑，你可以在它們周圍劃水，你可以在它們上面劃水。

你可能會(huì)碰到它們，有一些巖石你肯定需要注意，這些類型的巖石不是第一位的，薄巖石是非常鋒利的巖石，會(huì)被水擊中，有些是的巖石，有些是非?？斓膸r石。

這些巖石不友好，因?yàn)樗鼈內(nèi)菀卓ㄗ』騽e在上面的皮劃艇，它們可能很鋒利，而且它們不能形成任何枕頭，所以水很快就從他身邊流過。

也有所謂的下切，巖石下切巖石只是位于某物之上的巖石，發(fā)生的情況是一些水進(jìn)入它們下面，形成所謂的篩子，下切巖石是危險(xiǎn)的，因?yàn)樗粌H可以沉入巖石下面。

但船只和尸體也可能沉入水下，導(dǎo)致圍欄和治療，甚至在最壞的情況下導(dǎo)致死亡。

現(xiàn)在，巖石或大多數(shù)巖石都非常安全，但作為一名河流賽跑者，關(guān)鍵是你能區(qū)分危險(xiǎn)巖石和友好巖石，我們也會(huì)仔細(xì)研究這些巖石。

你將在河流中發(fā)現(xiàn)渦流線的下一個(gè)特征是將順流而下的水流與松弛的水分開，這被稱為渦流?，F(xiàn)在許多渦流線有許多不同的形式，你有槳。

主流和渦流之間的任何線條都是最容易處理的，你也有寬的線，任何線條都是糊狀的，或者被稱為沸騰的渦流線。

有沒有哪條線，如果你觀察它，你實(shí)際上并沒有看到主流和渦流之間明顯的線，主流幾乎逐漸消失，然后慢慢變成渦流，所以它有點(diǎn)不太明顯。

你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)任何線路的另一件事是主流差分有多強(qiáng)，一些金屬線路是超強(qiáng)的，是非?？斓闹髁?，然后是非常強(qiáng)的渦流，所以電流差分。

水流和渦流之間的差異非常明顯，水流緩慢或松弛，水流非常緩慢，渦流差要小得多。

下一個(gè)特點(diǎn)我想向你介紹他的方式現(xiàn)在海浪是河流運(yùn)行的一部分海浪是什么讓你的船在波浪上上下跳動(dòng)的東西是你可以在河里沖浪的東西我的意思是，海浪讓皮劃艇變得難以置信的有趣。

現(xiàn)在你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在波浪中，波浪的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)是波峰，也就是波浪的最頂端，然后你有波谷，也就是最深的凹陷的最底部，你也有波浪的肩膀和最多的肩膀。

在波浪的右邊或左邊，有一個(gè)波浪開始消失。

當(dāng)我們討論如何經(jīng)歷波浪時(shí)，你需要知道這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，因?yàn)槲覀儠?huì)經(jīng)常提到它。