38 Smart Questions to Ask in a Job Interview

“你有什么問題要問我嗎？”

在求職面試中，當(dāng)走到這一步時(shí)，意味著面試官已經(jīng)問完了他們的問題，開始將提問的機(jī)會(huì)開放給你。你肯定不想被問個(gè)措手不及，所以，計(jì)劃好你的回應(yīng)，并抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)提出一系列問題，這一點(diǎn)很重要。那么你應(yīng)該提什么樣的問題呢？你需要避免哪些方面呢？ ?

“So, do you have any questions for me?”

When you reach this point in a job interview — where the interviewer is done with their questions and opens up the floor — you don’t want to be caught off guard. It’s important to have a plan for how you’ll respond, and a list of questions specific to that opportunity.?But what?types?of questions should you actually ask? And are there certain ones to avoid??

我向兩位工作面試專家尋求建議：德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的教授、《讓你的大腦投入工作》（Bring Your Brain to Work）一書的作者阿特?馬克曼，以及英國職業(yè)策略師、《如何找到你喜歡的工作》(How to Get a job You Love)一書的作者約翰?李斯。以下是他們關(guān)于如何處理面試結(jié)尾提問的建議，以及他們?cè)趯?shí)踐中看到的一些示例問題。

I turned to two job interview experts for advice: Art Markman, a professor at the University of Texas at Austin and author of?Bring?Your Brain to Work, and John Lees, a UK-based career strategist and author of?How to Get a Job You Love. Here are their recommendations for how to approach this part of the interview and sample questions they’ve seen work in practice.

專注于兩個(gè)目標(biāo)

Focus on two goals.

你可能會(huì)把面試的這一部分流程看作是你評(píng)估這個(gè)組織，以及評(píng)估自己是否真的想在這里工作的機(jī)會(huì)。事實(shí)的確如此。馬克曼認(rèn)為，你的目標(biāo)之一就是利用這些問題來幫助你確定這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)是否真的適合你。

You might think of this portion of the interview as your chance to assess the organization and whether you really want to work there, and that’s true. One of your goals is to use these questions to help you determine if this opportunity is right for you, says Markman.

然而，面試還沒有結(jié)束，你仍然需要繼續(xù)證明自己是這份工作的最佳人選，李斯說。所以，你的另一個(gè)目標(biāo)是繼續(xù)證明你適合這份工作。李斯建議我們可以這樣說：“我確實(shí)有幾個(gè)問題，但在我提問之前，我能說一件事嗎？”這樣說可以給你一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)來傳達(dá)一些關(guān)鍵信息，表明你的確能夠勝任這份工作。事實(shí)上，在面試之前，你應(yīng)該“提前決定你想要傳達(dá)的兩到三點(diǎn)信息，”李斯說，如果到提問環(huán)節(jié)，你還沒有在面試官先前所提的問題中傳達(dá)這些信息，你現(xiàn)在就應(yīng)該這么做。然后，你就可以開始提問了。?

However, the interview isn’t over yet, and you still want to demonstrate that you are the best person for the job, says Lees. So, your other goal is to continue to prove you’re a fit for the specific opportunity. Lees suggests saying something like, “I do have a few questions but before I ask, can I say one thing?” That will give you an opportunity to drive home any key messages about your suitability for the job. In fact, before the interview, you should “decide in advance on two or three messages that you want to get across,” says Lees, and if you haven’t been able to convey those points in response to the questions you’ve been asked so far, you should do so now. Then, you can move on to your questions.

提出個(gè)性化問題

Personalize your questions.

如何表達(dá)你的問題，這點(diǎn)很重要。不要使用泛泛的語言，你要問的問題應(yīng)該是專門與自己有關(guān)的。例如，不要問“（這份工作的）一天通常是怎么樣度過的？”，你應(yīng)該問：“我在這份工作上的一天會(huì)是怎樣的？”這樣可以讓招聘經(jīng)理看到你是否適合這個(gè)職位。根據(jù)李斯的說法，這是一種“心理技巧”，因?yàn)椤耙坏┧麄兿胂蟪瞿阍谧鲞@份工作，就很難忘記這個(gè)畫面。”

How you phrase your questions is important. Rather than using generic language, you want to ask the questions as if they pertain specifically to you. For example, instead of “What does a typical day look like?” you want to ask “What would a typical day for me in this role look like?” That will allow the hiring manager to begin seeing you in the role. According to Lees, this is a “great psychological trick” because “as soon as they visualize you doing the job, it’s hard to let go of that image.”

你的問題應(yīng)該以你們的談話為基礎(chǔ)

Build off of your conversation.

你肯定想要了解目前為止在面試中過程發(fā)生了什么事情。你可以問一些之前和面試官已經(jīng)討論過的問題。進(jìn)一步闡釋之前的面試環(huán)節(jié)提到的、自己正在從事的項(xiàng)目，也可以補(bǔ)充在先前的工作描述中沒有提到的職責(zé)。關(guān)鍵是要讓這部分的面試感覺像是先前對(duì)話的延續(xù)。

You also want to pick up on what’s happened in the interview so far. Ask questions that build off of what you and the interviewer have discussed. You might want to follow up on a project they mentioned you’d be working on, or a responsibility that you didn’t see in the job description. The key is to make this portion of the interview feel like a continuation of the conversation.

面試結(jié)束時(shí)的問題范例

Sample Questions to Ask at the End of a Job Interview

以下是幾類你可能需要考慮的問題，每個(gè)類別之下都有一些個(gè)性化的問題樣本：

Here are categories of questions you’ll want to consider in an organized list, along with samples of each that you can personalize.

◆?關(guān)于具體工作的問題

◆?Questions about the specific job

1.你對(duì)我這個(gè)職位有什么期望嗎？

2.在最初的90天里，我應(yīng)該完成的最重要的事情是什么？

3.我們的績效評(píng)估流程是怎樣的？我過多久會(huì)被正式評(píng)估一次？

4.我的績效將根據(jù)什么指標(biāo)或目標(biāo)進(jìn)行評(píng)估？

5.我最迫切需要承擔(dān)的項(xiàng)目是什么？

6.要過多久我才能……(會(huì)見客戶，負(fù)責(zé)自己的賬戶，與其他部門互動(dòng)，等等)?

1.What are your expectations for me in this role?

2.What’s the most important thing I should accomplish in the?first 90 days?

3.What’s the performance review process like here? How often would I be formally reviewed?

4.What metrics or goals will my performance be evaluated against?

5.What are the most immediate projects that I would take on?

6.How long before I will be… [meeting with clients, have responsibility for my own accounts, interacting with other departments, etc.]?

◆?關(guān)于團(tuán)隊(duì)的問題

◆?Questions about the team

7.你希望新員工能夠填補(bǔ)團(tuán)隊(duì)缺少的哪些技能？

8.我在這個(gè)職位上可能面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)是什么？

9.你認(rèn)為我在這個(gè)職位上的主要職責(zé)，會(huì)在未來六個(gè)月到一年內(nèi)改變嗎？

10.你能告訴我將要和我一起工作的團(tuán)隊(duì)情況嗎？

11.我和誰的合作最密切？我需要與哪些部門或單位進(jìn)行互動(dòng)？

12.你能給我講講我的直接下屬嗎？他們的優(yōu)勢和團(tuán)隊(duì)面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)是什么？

7.What types of skills is the team missing that you’re looking to fill with a new hire?

8.What are the biggest challenges that I might face in this position?

9.Do you expect my main responsibilities in this position to change in the next six months to a year?

10.Can you tell me about the team I’ll be working with?

11.Who will I work with most closely? What other departments or units will I interact with?

12.Can you tell me about my direct reports? What are their strengths and the team’s biggest challenges?

◆?關(guān)于你未來老板的問題

如果面試官是你的老板，你也可以問這些問題。

◆?Questions for your potential boss

If the?interviewer is your boss, you want to ask questions along these lines as well.

13.您在這家公司工作多久了？

14.您當(dāng)經(jīng)理多久了？

15.在這里工作，您最喜歡的內(nèi)容是什么？

13.How long have you been at the company?

14.How long have you been a manager?

15.What’s your favorite part of working here?

◆?關(guān)于公司的問題

這里有一個(gè)重要的注意事項(xiàng)：不要問那些你可以通過谷歌快速搜索很容易就能搜到的問題（更多關(guān)于這方面的問題，請(qǐng)參閱“需要避免的問題”部分）。

◆?Questions about the company

One important note here: Don’t ask things that you can easily find with a quick Google search (more on this in the “Questions to Avoid” section).

16.公司目前關(guān)注的目標(biāo)是什么？這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)如何努力來支持這些目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)？

17.公司未來最讓你興奮的點(diǎn)是什么？

18.你如何描述公司的價(jià)值觀？

19.在過去的幾年中，公司發(fā)生了怎樣的變化？

20.公司的增長和發(fā)展計(jì)劃是什么？

16.What are the current goals that the company is focused on, and how does this team work to support hitting those goals?

17.What gets you most excited about the company’s future?

18.How would you describe the company’s values?

19.How has the company changed over the last few years?

20.What are the company’s plans for growth and development?

◆?關(guān)于公司文化的問題

李斯警告說，在有關(guān)公司文化的問題上，你應(yīng)該持保留態(tài)度。面試官不太可能站出來，告訴你說這里的文化不受歡迎，甚至是有害的。這就是為什么像下面的第22個(gè)問題這類的問題會(huì)很有幫助。你不需要明確詢問，就能了解公司文化，并且可以“幫助你發(fā)現(xiàn)隱藏于新工作場所中的任何意想不到的因素?！瘪R克曼說。

◆?Questions about the culture

Lees warns that you should take answers to?questions about the company culture?with a grain of salt. It’s highly unlikely that the interviewer is going to come out and tell you that the culture is unwelcoming, or even toxic. That’s why questions like #22 below can be helpful. They get at company culture without explicitly asking about it and can “help you uncover any unexpected elements about your potential new workplace,” Markman says.

21.你們通常是如何培養(yǎng)員工的？

（馬克曼建議道，如果這個(gè)職位需要遠(yuǎn)程辦公，可以具體詢問遠(yuǎn)程辦公的員工如何融入公司文化。）

22.新員工在開始工作后通常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)什么令人驚訝的事情？

23.在開始工作之前，我應(yīng)該讀些什么材料來幫助我和同事們達(dá)成共識(shí)？

(問這個(gè)問題不僅表明你對(duì)這個(gè)職位感興趣，也表明你渴望“與你將要共事的人分享文化背景，”馬克曼說。）

24.你最喜歡的辦公室傳統(tǒng)是什么？

25.你和團(tuán)隊(duì)在午餐時(shí)通常做些什么？

26.你曾經(jīng)和其他部門或團(tuán)隊(duì)合作過嗎？

27.在這里工作和你以前工作過的其他地方有什么不同？

28.自從你加入公司以來，公司發(fā)生了什么變化？

21.How do you typically onboard employees?

• If the position will be remote, ask specifically about how remote employees are integrated into the company culture, Markman advises.

22.What do new employees typically find surprising after they start?

23.Is there anything that I should read before starting that would help me have a shared understanding with my colleagues?

• Asking this question not only signals your interest in the position but also shows that you’re eager to have “shared cultural references with the people you’ll be working with,” Markman says.

24.What’s your favorite office tradition?

25.What do you and the team usually do for lunch?

26.Do you ever do joint events with other departments or teams?

27.What’s different about working here than anywhere else you’ve worked?

28.How has the company changed since you joined?

◆?關(guān)于專業(yè)發(fā)展、職業(yè)道路和未來機(jī)會(huì)的問題

馬克曼說，了解工作中的成長和職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)是至關(guān)重要的。你要確保自己不僅能在目前的工作崗位上有所建樹，還能看到公司里有一條讓你感到興奮的職業(yè)發(fā)展道路。

◆?Questions about professional development, career paths, and future opportunities

Markman says it’s critical to understand what growth and career development will look like in the job. You want to be sure that you can see yourself not just in the role you’re currently applying for but that there is a?career path?at the organization that you’re excited about.

29.在這個(gè)職位上我有什么學(xué)習(xí)和進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)？

30.我所在的團(tuán)隊(duì)如何持續(xù)在專業(yè)上成長？

31.有沒有從這個(gè)職位開始的職業(yè)生涯（成功的）案例？

32.本部門常見的職業(yè)發(fā)展道路是什么？

33.我們通常是如何晉升的？

34.成功的員工都去了哪里?

29.What learning and development opportunities will I have in this role?

30.How does the team I’ll be part of continue to grow professionally?

31.Are there examples of a career path beginning with this position?

32.What are the common career paths in this department?

33.How are promotions typically handled?

34.Where have successful employees moved on to?

◆?結(jié)束性問題

Closing questions

35.我還有什么應(yīng)該提問但尚未提問的問題嗎？

36.我還能提供什么有用的東西嗎？

37.關(guān)于我的資質(zhì)問題，還有什么需要我進(jìn)一步澄清的嗎？

38.招聘流程的下一步是什么？

35.What am I not asking you that I should?

36.Is there anything else I can provide you with that would be helpful?

37.Is there anything I clarify for you about my qualifications?

38.What are the next steps in the hiring process?

◆?需要避免的問題

以下是一些面試結(jié)束時(shí)不該問的問題：

Questions to Avoid

Here are a few examples of what?not?to ask at the end of your interview:

· 起薪是多少？

· 你能告訴我你的健康保險(xiǎn)情況嗎？

· 你們的帶薪休假政策是什么？

· What’s the starting salary?

· Can you tell me about your health insurance?

· What are your paid leave policies?

李斯建議說，不要在面試過程中過早地詢問薪資和福利待遇的問題?！埃ù藭r(shí)）你無法有效地談判，因?yàn)槟闳蕴幱谖粗I(lǐng)域。在他們鐘情于你之后，才是討論薪水的時(shí)候，”他解釋道。但是如果面試官問你對(duì)薪水的要求呢？你可以利用一些有用的技巧，來解決這個(gè)復(fù)雜的問題。

You want to avoid asking about salary and benefits too early in the process, Lees advises. “You’re not in a position to negotiate well because you’re still in unknown territory. The time to discuss salary is after they’ve fallen in love with you,” he explains. But what if the interviewer asks?you?about your salary requirements? This video offers helpful tips for how to navigate that complicated question:

你也應(yīng)該避免問那些看起來像是要達(dá)成交易的問題。(“那么，我得到這份工作了嗎？”)因?yàn)檫@樣讓人聽起來很冒昧，或者讓人覺得你不尊重公司的面試流程。

You should also avoid asking questions that try to close the deal. (“So, do I have the job?”) You don’t want to sound presumptuous or like you don’t respect the company’s interview process.

此外，不要問一些你在之前的調(diào)查中就已經(jīng)知道的問題——你絕對(duì)應(yīng)該提前對(duì)這份工作和這家公司進(jìn)行調(diào)查。

Also refrain from asking something that you could’ve found out in your research ahead of time — and you should definitely?do research?about the job and the company ahead of time!

你不能浪費(fèi)這個(gè)提問的機(jī)會(huì)。這既是一個(gè)繼續(xù)證明自己的機(jī)會(huì)，也是一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)這份工作是否適合你的機(jī)會(huì)。

This opportunity to ask questions is one you don’t want to waste. It’s both a chance to continue to prove yourself and to find out whether this job is the right fit for you.

當(dāng)然，你不可能問完上述38個(gè)問題。你可以提前選擇那些與你、你的興趣和具體工作更相關(guān)的問題。然后把它們寫下來——要么寫在紙上，要么寫在手機(jī)上——然后提前看一眼，這樣它們就會(huì)在你的腦海中清晰地浮現(xiàn)出來。當(dāng)然，也要注意面試官的時(shí)間。如果你被安排了一個(gè)小時(shí)的面試，而他們只剩下五分鐘時(shí)間關(guān)注你的問題，那你可以選擇兩到三個(gè)對(duì)你來說最重要的內(nèi)容。一旦你拿到了這份工作機(jī)會(huì)，你總是會(huì)有更多的時(shí)機(jī)來提出問題。

Of course, you aren’t going to ask all 38 of these questions. Choose the ones that are more relevant to you, your interests, and the specific job ahead of time. Then write them down — either on a piece of paper or on your phone — and glance at them ahead of time so that they’re fresh in your mind. And, of course, be mindful of the interviewer’s time. If you were scheduled to talk for an hour and they turn to you with five minutes left, choose two or three questions that are most important to you. You will always have more time to ask questions once you have the job offer in hand.

關(guān)鍵詞：求職

艾米·加洛是《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》的特約編輯，也是“職場女性”播客的聯(lián)合主持人之一，她著有兩本書：《相處:如何與任何人共事》和《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論處理沖突指南》。

張振濤|譯? ? 周強(qiáng)|編校