原文標(biāo)題：
Mental health
Talk talk
The market for private therapy is booming and largely unregulated
心理健康
聊聊
私人治療市場正在蓬勃發(fā)展且基本不受監(jiān)管

Would tighter rules make sense?

更嚴格的監(jiān)管是否有意義？

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IF A QUACK sets up shop in Britain, calls himself a doctor of medicine and is reported, he is likely to end up regretting it.

如果一個江湖郎中在英國開店，自稱醫(yī)學(xué)博士如果被舉報了，他最終會后悔。

“Doctor”, along with other professional health titles from “art therapist” to “hearing-aid dispenser”, is protected in law. Pretenders face unlimited fines.

?“醫(yī)生、藝術(shù)治療師、助聽器調(diào)節(jié)員”等專業(yè)健康職場都受到法律保護。冒充者將面臨無上限罰款。

Yet “therapist” (including the “psycho-” sort) is not. Anyone can do a weekend counselling course—or not bother with one at all—and take paying patients.
然而“治療師”（包括“心理治療師”））卻未受保護。任何人都可以開一個周末的咨詢課程——或者根本不用開課——就能接受付費患者。

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Regulating this field is difficult since therapy covers so many practices, from crystal healing to psychoanalysis.

監(jiān)管這一領(lǐng)域很困難，因為治療涵蓋了從水晶治療到精神分析等諸多實操過程。

But calls for the government to try are growing, because private therapy is booming.

但是由于私人治療正在蓬勃發(fā)展，呼吁政府監(jiān)管的聲音越來越高。

It is tricky to quantify the size of the market but two things indicate speedy growth.
市場規(guī)模很難量化，但有兩件事表明了快速增長。

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One is the long queue for treatment on the National Health Service (NHS).

一個跡象是國家醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系 (NHS) 的治療排起了長隊。

Mind, a charity, says 1.6m people are on waiting lists for mental-health treatment (and 8m with lesser problems would benefit from treatment).

慈善機構(gòu) Mind 表示，有 160 萬人在心理健康治療的等候名單上（還有800萬人有輕微問題需要治療）。

Many who can afford it instead go private. Glenys Parry, a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist and an emeritus professor at the University of Sheffield, says it is likely that “more people with significant depression, anxiety and distress in personal relationships are now seeking private therapists”.
許多有能力支付的人選擇私人治療。臨床心理學(xué)家兼心理治療師、謝菲爾德大學(xué)名譽教授格倫尼斯·帕里說，“現(xiàn)在越來越多患有重度抑郁癥、焦慮癥及受個人關(guān)系困擾的人正在尋求私人治療”。

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Another sign is growing demand for therapy for personal development—to help people become happier or more successful—which is wholly met by private supply.

另一個跡象是對個人發(fā)展治療的需求不斷增長——幫助人們變得更快樂或更成功——這完全由私人治療來滿足。

More companies are offering access to therapists as a perk to employees.

越來越多的公司為員工提供咨詢治療師的福利。

The jargon of therapy (“boundaries”, “triggers”, “trauma”) has entered everyday language.

治療術(shù)語（“界限”、“觸發(fā)因素”、“創(chuàng)傷”）已進入日常用語。

The increased use of online meeting platforms during the pandemic made talking therapies more accessible.
疫情期間線上會議平臺的使用增加了對談話療法的可訪問性。

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Many private therapists are registered with respected bodies like the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy, which has training requirements for its members and a complaints procedure.

許多私人治療師都在英國咨詢和心理治療協(xié)會等受人尊敬的機構(gòu)注冊登記，該協(xié)會對其成員有培訓(xùn)要求且設(shè)有投訴程序。

But the onus to check that a therapist is on such a list is on the patient—who may be too upset or trusting to think of it.

但是檢查治療師是否在機構(gòu)名單上的責(zé)任落到了患者身上——他們可能因為太沮喪或太信任而沒有考慮到這一點。

The lack of regulation anyway limits the protection such associations can provide.

無論如何，缺乏監(jiān)管限制了此類協(xié)會可提供的保護力度。

If someone is ejected from a register, there is nothing to stop them continuing to practise and rake it in.
就算有人被逐出協(xié)會，也沒有什么措施會阻止他們繼續(xù)拉活賺錢。

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Helen Ritzema, a child and adolescent psychotherapist, says it is difficult even for some professionals to decipher what training someone has had.

兒童和青少年心理治療師海倫·里茨瑪表示，即使是一些專業(yè)人士也很難辨認某人接受過哪些培訓(xùn)。

She is concerned that some schools and NHS trusts have employed therapists to work with children though they have been trained only for adults.

她擔(dān)心一些學(xué)校和 NHS 信托會聘請只接受過成人培訓(xùn)的治療師來解決兒童心理問題。

There is a danger this may lead them to misinterpret children’s behaviours, confusing them with those of adults with personality disorders.
這可能導(dǎo)致他們誤解兒童的行為，將兒童行為與患有人格障礙的成年人行為混為一談。

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What might regulation entail?

監(jiān)管可能包括什么？

There is a limit to how many hoops, if any, a lifestyle therapist should have to jump through.

生活方式治療師需要通過多少個關(guān)卡（如果有的話）。

But Dr Ritzema believes the titles “psychotherapist” and “child psychotherapist” should be protected in law (as titles used by psychologists, including “clinical” and “educational”, already are).

但里茨瑪認為，“心理治療師”和“兒童心理治療師”這些職稱應(yīng)該受到法律保護（包括已經(jīng)使用的心理學(xué)家職稱，如“臨床治療師”和“教育治療師”）

The Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland insist on six years of training before someone can call themselves a psychotherapist. The title is also protected in Finland and France.
荷蘭、瑞典和瑞士堅持要求經(jīng)過6年的培訓(xùn)才能稱自己為心理治療師。這個職稱在芬蘭和法國也受到保護。

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Tighter regulation would not guarantee better outcomes, however. Some forms of treatment do not work for everyone.

然而，更嚴格的監(jiān)管并不能保證更好的效果。某些形式的治療并不適用于所有人。

Miguel Farias, a psychologist at Coventry University who has researched the adverse effects of mindfulness meditation, says about 8% of those who undergo it end up in worse mental shape.

考文垂大學(xué)心理學(xué)家米格爾·法里亞斯研究過正念冥想的不良影響，他說大約 8% 的人在接受正念冥想治療后，精神狀態(tài)變得更糟糕了。

He describes mindfulness groups (one of the practices that are provided by the NHS) as being like “a mental-health assembly line”.

他將正念小組（NHS 提供的一種治療項目）描述為“一條心理健康流水線”。

People with mental-health issues often need one-to-one care, he says.

他說，有心理健康問題的人通常需要一對一的關(guān)懷。

Bad experiences can also stem from simple mismatches between therapist and patient.

僅僅是治療師和患者不匹配問題就會導(dǎo)致糟糕的治療體驗。

A business owner describes going for therapy after a startup failed. The therapist was recommended by a friend.

一位企業(yè)主描述了他在創(chuàng)業(yè)失敗后接受心理治療的經(jīng)歷。治療師是朋友推薦的。

“I was in a terrible, anxious state, with insomnia and panic attacks that were getting worse,” he says.

他說：“我處于一種可怕、焦慮的狀態(tài)，失眠和驚恐發(fā)作越來越嚴重?！?/span>

“I described all this to the therapist, who said: ‘Tell me about your relationship with your father.’ I told her it was great, thanks, and never went back.”

“我向治療師描述了所有這些情況，她說：‘告訴我你與你父親的關(guān)系。’我告訴她很好，謝謝，之后就再也沒去過治療師那里?！?br>
（恭喜讀完，本篇英語詞匯量721左右）
原文出自：2023年4月15日《The Economist》Britain版塊。

精讀筆記來源于：自由英語之路

本文翻譯整理: Irene本文編輯校對: Irene
僅供個人英語學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補充資料】（來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
Crystal Healing水晶療法是一種替代性或非傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)形式，用于治療個體并恢復(fù)其生活的平衡感。西方也有一種從遠古時代流傳下來的水晶療法，跟磁療法的道理一樣：按照需要的能量，把水晶排列在身體上，利用水晶調(diào)整身體的磁場進行療愈。水晶可以將更多的生命力傳導(dǎo)入身體中，并將負面能量排放出去。

Mindfulness Groups正念小組是一種心理服務(wù)形式，因其簡單易學(xué)且效果顯著而備受推崇。正念是“以一種特定的方式去關(guān)注，是一種非評判的、有目的的、無思慮的覺醒狀態(tài)”。它起源于東方，后傳入西方被美國的卡巴金博士吸納創(chuàng)立為正念減壓療法（Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction,MBSR）。以正念減壓療法為核心的一系列正念技術(shù)和訓(xùn)練方法被證明對疼痛、抑郁、焦慮、恐懼、壓力等問題有很好的緩解作用。

【重點句子】（3個）
“Doctor”, along with other professional health titles from “art therapist” to “hearing-aid dispenser”, is protected in law. Pretenders face unlimited fines.
?“醫(yī)生、藝術(shù)治療師、助聽器調(diào)節(jié)員”等專業(yè)健康職場都受到法律保護。冒充者將面臨無上限罰款。

Another sign is growing demand for therapy for personal development—to help people become happier or more successful—which is wholly met by private supply.
另一個跡象是對個人發(fā)展治療的需求不斷增長——幫助人們變得更快樂或更成功——這完全由私人治療來滿足。

Bad experiences can also stem from simple mismatches between therapist and patient.
僅僅是治療師和患者不匹配問題就會導(dǎo)致糟糕的治療體驗。