You are minding your own business, buying a newspaper at your local convenience store, when a belligerent drunk decides to throw a punch at you simply because you met his stare for a second too long. What the drunk doesn't know is that you are trained in the Indonesian martial art of?silat,?and you are therefore able to move easily into close range where your big guns — the knees, elbows and head — can be brought into play. This range is referred to as the “battleground" by Indonesians.

文章開始于一個(gè)虛擬的場(chǎng)景，有壞人襲擊有功夫的平民，然后被反殺。引申出所練的功夫是silat這種特別的近戰(zhàn)武術(shù)。擅長(zhǎng)在近距離戰(zhàn)斗，七拳齊打。印尼稱為“戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)”。原文有點(diǎn)尬，我就不展開了。

Now that you've entered the battleground and are literally in the drunk's face, you can begin the “tranquilizing process" — a vicious combination of elbows, knees, finger jabs, head butts and kicks to his groin, shins, thighs, eyes or any other vulnerable target.

If he is still a threat after your initial salvo of blows, your combinations must continue. Can you sweep him to the ground? Can you elbow his spine? Can you stomp on one of his feet and force him off-balance? These are just a few of the possibilities available to an accomplished silat stylist.

吹逼一下silat大師豐富的殺人技，也大致的表明了silat武術(shù)的價(jià)值觀，是戰(zhàn)斗技術(shù)，不是競(jìng)技技術(shù)。

Silat's Many Styles silat的不同風(fēng)格

Roughly speaking, silat means “skill for fighting." There are hundreds of different styles of silat, most of which are found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, southern Thailand and the southern Philippines. Common to all of these styles is a combat-oriented ideology and the use of weaponry.

粗略地說(shuō)，silat的意思是“戰(zhàn)斗的技巧”。有數(shù)百種不同風(fēng)格的silat，其中主要分布在印度尼西亞、馬來(lái)西亞、新加坡、泰國(guó)南部和菲律賓南部。所有這些風(fēng)格的共同點(diǎn)是以戰(zhàn)斗為導(dǎo)向的意識(shí)形態(tài)和武器的使用。

In Indonesia, there exist hundreds of styles of?pentjak silat?(also spelled?pencak silat),?as well as many systems of?kuntao,?a form of Chinese boxing that bears many similarities to silat and is found primarily within the Chinese communities in Indonesia. There are also many systems that blend pentjak silat and kuntao. “Chinese fighting tactics have had positive influences on the development of pentjak silat," says noted martial arts historian and author Donn Draeger.

在印度尼西亞，有數(shù)百種風(fēng)格的pentjak silat(也拼寫為pencak silat)，以及許多風(fēng)格的kuntao，一種與silat有許多相似之處的中國(guó)拳法形式，常見于印度尼西亞的華人社區(qū)中。也有許多系統(tǒng)混合了pentjak silat和kuntao。著名武術(shù)歷史學(xué)家、作家唐·德爾格說(shuō):“中國(guó)的格斗戰(zhàn)術(shù)對(duì)pentjak silat的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了積極的影響?！?/p>

Malaysia is home to a style known as?bersilat,?which can be divided into two forms:?putat,?a dancelike series of movements intended for public display, and?buah,?a realistic combat method never publicly displayed.

Bersilat is also found in the southern Philippines, as well as?langkah silat, kuntao silat?and?kali silat.

馬來(lái)西亞是一種被稱為bersilat的風(fēng)格的故鄉(xiāng)，它可以分為兩種形式:putat，一種類似舞蹈的一系列動(dòng)作，旨在公開展示;buah，一種從未公開展示的現(xiàn)實(shí)戰(zhàn)斗方法。

在菲律賓南部也有Bersilat，還有l(wèi)angkah silat, kuntao silat和kali silat。

Silat techniques vary greatly, from the low ground-fighting postures of?harimau?(tiger)?silat?to the high-flying throws of?madi silat.?One particularly vicious madi throw involves controlling your opponent's head, leaping through the air, and using your body weight to yank him off his feet as your knee slams into his spinal column. A typical harimau takedown involves coming in low against an opponent's punch, capturing his foot with your foot, and forcing his knee outward with a strike or grab to the inside knee to effect the takedown.

Silat的技術(shù)差異很大，從harimau(虎)Silat的低地面格斗姿勢(shì)到madi Silat的高來(lái)高去。一種特別惡毒的madi Silat摔投技術(shù)包括控制對(duì)手的頭部，在空中跳躍，用你的體重把他從他的腳上拉下來(lái)，因?yàn)槟愕南ドw撞上了他的脊柱。一個(gè)典型的harimau技術(shù)包括低身對(duì)抗對(duì)手的出拳，用你的腳抓住他的腳，并迫使他的膝蓋向外打擊或抓住內(nèi)側(cè)膝蓋，以達(dá)到擊倒的效果。

Rikeson silat?focuses primarily on nerve strikes, while?cipecut silat?makes extensive use of the practitioner's sarong for throwing and controlling the opponent. A rikeson silat stylist might take an opponent down with a finger-thrust attack to the nerves situated in the crease between the upper leg and torso. Cipecut practitioners will deflect an attack with their sarong, then wrap it around the opponent's head, utilizing the significantly improved leverage to yank him to the ground.

Bukti negara pentjak silat,?as developed by Paul de Thouars, relies on a sophisticated leverage system to achieve almost effortless throws.

Rikeson silat主要側(cè)重于神經(jīng)打擊，而cipeccut silat則廣泛使用練習(xí)者的圍裙來(lái)摔人和控制對(duì)手。Rikeson?silat大師可能會(huì)用手指刺向位于上肢和軀干之間的皺褶中的神經(jīng)，將對(duì)手擊倒。砍刀的練習(xí)者會(huì)用他們的圍裙轉(zhuǎn)移攻擊，然后把它包裹在對(duì)手的頭上，利用顯著提高的杠桿把他拉到地上。

由Paul de Thouars開發(fā)的Bukti negara pentjak silat依靠復(fù)雜的杠桿系統(tǒng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)幾乎毫不費(fèi)力的投技。

In Philippine silat, it is common to trap your opponent's foot with your own foot while controlling his head and arm, then spin him in a circle. The opponent's body rotates 360 degrees, but his knee and foot remain in place, causing severe injury.

The sheer number of silat styles allows practitioners a tremendous amount of variety, as well as a certain amount of freedom and self-expression. By researching a number of silat systems, you can add tremendous diversity to your combat arsenal.

在菲律賓的silat中，通常是用自己的腳夾住對(duì)手的腳，同時(shí)控制他的頭和手臂，然后讓他轉(zhuǎn)一個(gè)圈。對(duì)手的身體旋轉(zhuǎn)了360度，但他的膝蓋和腳仍然在原地，造成了嚴(yán)重的傷害。

silat風(fēng)格的絕對(duì)數(shù)量允許從業(yè)者有大量的多樣性，以及一定程度的自由和自我表達(dá)。通過研究大量的silat系統(tǒng)，你可以為你的戰(zhàn)斗武器庫(kù)增加巨大的多樣性。

Silat's Indonesian Weapons silat的印尼武器

Virtually all silat styles, particularly Philippine silat, emphasize weapons training. In the areas where silat originated, carrying a weapon, usually one of the bladed variety, was for generations a fact of life for the general male populace. A silat practitioner will normally be skilled with a knife, stick, sword, staff, spear, rope, chain, whip, projectile weapons or a combination there of.

幾乎所有的silat風(fēng)格，都強(qiáng)調(diào)武器訓(xùn)練，幾乎所有的silat風(fēng)格，尤其是菲律賓的。在silat起源的地區(qū)，攜帶武器，通常是銳器，是一代又一代普通男性的日常。silat練習(xí)者通常會(huì)熟練使用刀、棍、劍、杖、矛、繩、鏈、鞭、拋射武器或其組合。。

The?kris?sword, with its wavy blade, is one of the most common weapons in Indonesia and Malaysia. Another wicked weapon found in Indonesia is the?karambit?(tiger's claw), a short, curved blade used to hook into an opponent's vital points. According to Donn Draeger, the karambit is used in an upward, ripping manner to tear into the bowels of the victim.

克里斯劍，它的波浪刃，是印尼和馬來(lái)西亞最常見的武器之一。在印度尼西亞發(fā)現(xiàn)的另一種邪惡的武器是karambit(虎爪)，一種短而彎曲的刀刃，用來(lái)鉤住對(duì)手的要害。根據(jù)唐·德爾格的說(shuō)法，爪刀是用向上撕裂的方式傷害對(duì)手的內(nèi)臟。

Most silat systems emphasize low, quick kicks, primarily because of the likelihood the practitioner will be confronting an opponent armed with a bladed weapon. A good rule of thumb is to never try a kick against a knife-wielding opponent, unless the kick is delivered at close range and is used as a support technique.

大多數(shù)silat系統(tǒng)強(qiáng)調(diào)低，快速踢腿，主要是因?yàn)榫毩?xí)者可能會(huì)面對(duì)一個(gè)裝備有刃武器的對(duì)手。一個(gè)好的經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則是，永遠(yuǎn)不要嘗試對(duì)持刀的對(duì)手踢腳，除非踢是在近距離內(nèi)進(jìn)行的，并且是作為一種輔助技術(shù)。

Silat's Key Components silat的關(guān)鍵元素

• Silat Component #1: Efficient entry system.?The style must have techniques that allow you to move quickly and efficiently into close range of your opponent. It must also include training methods that will hone your timing, precision and accuracy when employing those techniques.

• Silat Component #2: Effective follow-up techniques.?The system must have effective punching and kicking techniques. Heavy-duty techniques such as head butts, knee smashes and elbow strikes must be highly developed. “Finishing" techniques are more effective if your opponent is properly “tranquilized."

• Silat Component #3: Devastating finishing techniques.?After you have entered into close range and applied a “tranquilizing" technique to your opponent, the next step is to apply a “finishing" technique, such as a throw, sweep, takedown, lock or choke, to end the confrontation. Locking maneuvers will break or render ineffective an opponent's joint. Choking techniques will produce unconsciousness. Takedowns, throws or sweeps will slam the opponent into the ground or other objects with enough force to end a confrontation.

• Silat Component #4: Realistic weapons training.?Most silat systems emphasize weapons training at some point. This training will include realistic contact-oriented drills rather than forms practice and will greatly improve your reflexes, timing, accuracy, rhythm and precision. It's amazing how quickly practitioners improve when facing a bladed weapon traveling at a high rate of speed.

• Silat theory, then, is simple: Enter into close range of the opponent, apply a “tranquilizing" technique such as a punch or kick, and then “finish" the opponent off with a heavy-duty technique such as a lock, sweep, choke or throw.

要素1:高效的切入。讓你快速安全的貼近你的目標(biāo)。它還必須包括訓(xùn)練方法，將磨練你的時(shí)機(jī)，距離，方位。

要素2:有效的連接。七拳并用，開門入戶。如果你的對(duì)手被控制，那么“終結(jié)”技術(shù)會(huì)更有效。

要素3:毀滅性的終結(jié)技術(shù)。當(dāng)你進(jìn)入近距離并對(duì)對(duì)手使用“鎮(zhèn)靜”技術(shù)后，下一步是使用“終結(jié)”技術(shù)，如投擲、橫掃、擊倒、鎖定或扼死，以結(jié)束對(duì)抗。鎖定動(dòng)作會(huì)破壞或使對(duì)手的關(guān)節(jié)失效。窒息技術(shù)會(huì)使人失去意識(shí)。擊倒、投擲或橫掃動(dòng)作會(huì)將對(duì)手摔在地上或其他物體上，其力量足以結(jié)束對(duì)抗。

要素4:現(xiàn)實(shí)武器訓(xùn)練。大多數(shù)silat系統(tǒng)在某種程度上強(qiáng)調(diào)武器訓(xùn)練。這種訓(xùn)練將包括現(xiàn)實(shí)的以接觸為導(dǎo)向的練習(xí)，而不是形式練習(xí)，這將大大提高你的反應(yīng)能力、時(shí)間、準(zhǔn)確性、節(jié)奏和精度。當(dāng)面對(duì)高速行進(jìn)的帶刃武器時(shí)，練習(xí)者的進(jìn)步速度之快令人驚嘆。

因此，Silat理論很簡(jiǎn)單:進(jìn)入對(duì)手的近距離，應(yīng)用一種“鎮(zhèn)靜”技術(shù)，如一拳或一腳，然后用一種重型技術(shù)，如鎖住、橫掃、扼死或投擲，“結(jié)束”對(duì)手。

by Terry H. Gibson