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極大為負(fù),極小為正(2022全國(guó)乙(文)導(dǎo)數(shù))

2022-09-25 22:44 作者:數(shù)學(xué)老頑童  | 我要投稿


解:(1)當(dāng)a%3D0時(shí),

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D-%5Cln%20%20x

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%5E2%7D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1-x%7D%7Bx%5E2%7D,

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D0,解得x%3D1,

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%200%2C1%20%5Cright)%20,f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cnearrow%20;

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%201%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Csearrow%20,

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20_%7B%5Cmax%7D%3Df%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%3D-1%7D.

(2)求導(dǎo),得

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%09f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%26%3Da%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%5E2%7D-%5Cfrac%7Ba%2B1%7D%7Bx%7D%5C%5C%0A%09%26%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(%20x-1%20%5Cright)%20%5Cleft(%20ax-1%20%5Cright)%7D%7Bx%5E2%7D%5C%5C%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

1.%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cleqslant%200%7D

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D0,解得x%3D1,

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%200%2C1%20%5Cright)%20f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cnearrow%20;

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%201%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Csearrow%20,

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20_%7B%5Cmax%7D%7D%3Df%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%3Da-1%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3C0%7D,

無(wú)零點(diǎn),不合題意.

2.%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%3E0%7D,

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D0,解得x%3D1x%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D.

2.1.%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%3D1,即%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%3D1%7D,

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cgeqslant%200,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cnearrow%20,

又因?yàn)?img type="latex" class="latex" src="http://api.bilibili.com/x/web-frontend/mathjax/tex?formula=f%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B1%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3Da-1%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%7D" alt="f%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B1%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3Da-1%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%7D">,符合題意.

2.2.%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%3E1,即%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%3Ca%3C1%7D

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%200%2C1%20%5Cright)%20,f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cnearrow%20;

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%201%2C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%20%5Cright)%20,f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Csearrow%20;

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20,f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cnearrow%20,

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20x%3D1處取得極大值,

x%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D處取得極小值,

并且此時(shí)%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%7D%20%3Da-1%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3C0%7D,

自然也有f%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3Cf%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%3C0,

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%200%2C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%20%5Cright)%20無(wú)零點(diǎn);

又因?yàn)?img type="latex" class="latex" src="http://api.bilibili.com/x/web-frontend/mathjax/tex?formula=f%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B9%7D%7Ba%5E2%7D%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3E0" alt="f%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B9%7D%7Ba%5E2%7D%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3E0">,

存在唯一%20x_0%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%2C%5Cfrac%7B9%7D%7Ba%5E2%7D%20%5Cright)%20,

使得f%5Cleft(%20x_0%20%5Cright)%20%3D0,符合題意.

2.3.0%3C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%3C1,即%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%3E1%7D,

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%200%2C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%20%5Cright)%20,f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cnearrow%20;

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%2C1%20%5Cright)%20,f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Csearrow%20;

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%201%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20,f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cnearrow%20

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20x%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D處取得極大值,

x%3D1處取得極小值,

并且此時(shí)%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%7D%3Da-1%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3E0%7D,

自然也有f%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3Ef%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%3E0

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20x%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%2C%2B%5Cinfty%5Cright)%20無(wú)零點(diǎn);

又因?yàn)?img type="latex" class="latex" src="http://api.bilibili.com/x/web-frontend/mathjax/tex?formula=f%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B9a%5E2%7D%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3C0" alt="f%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B9a%5E2%7D%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3C0">,

存在唯一x_0%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B9a%5E2%7D%2C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%20%5Cright)%20,

使得f%5Cleft(%20x_0%20%5Cright)%20%3D0符合題意.

綜上所述,%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%200%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7D.

命題背景:

%5Cbbox%5B%23def%2C5px%2Cborder%3A1px%20solid%5D%7B%0A%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%09%5Cforall%20x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%200%2C1%20%5Cright)%7D%20%2C%5Cln%20x%26%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3E%7D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%5Cleft(%20x-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%20%5Cright)%20%2C%5C%5C%0A%09%5Cforall%20x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%201%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%7D%20%2C%5Cln%20x%26%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3C%7D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%5Cleft(%20x-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%20%5Cright)%20.%5C%5C%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D%7D


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