22考研模擬&精講(三)|翻譯基礎(chǔ):制止暴力侵害婦女行為國(guó)際日致辭
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Preface丨寫在前面
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本期主題為翻譯基礎(chǔ)英譯漢,文章節(jié)選自聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書長(zhǎng)古特雷斯2021年制止暴力侵害婦女行為國(guó)際日致辭。
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Translation丨動(dòng)筆翻譯
原文:
Violence against women and girls continues to be the most pervasive and pressing human rights issue in the world today. It is both an abhorrent crime and a public health emergency, with far-reaching consequences for millions of women and girls in every corner of the globe.
The latest figures from UN Women confirm that during the COVID-19 pandemic, levels of violence against women and girls have increased. Across 13 countries, almost half of all women reported that they or a woman they know began to experience gender-based violence during the pandemic. Almost a quarter of women reported that household conflicts had become more frequent. A similar proportion said they felt less safe at home.
Violence in any part of society affects us all. From the scars on the next generation to the weakening of the social fabric.
譯文:
暴力侵害婦女和女童行為仍然是當(dāng)今世界最普遍、最緊迫的人權(quán)問題。這既是一種令人憎惡的犯罪行為,也是一個(gè)公共衛(wèi)生緊急情況,給全球各地?cái)?shù)以百萬計(jì)的婦女和女童造成了深遠(yuǎn)的后果。
聯(lián)合國(guó)婦女署的最新數(shù)據(jù)證實(shí),在COVID-19大流行期間,暴力侵害婦女和女童行為有所增多。在13個(gè)國(guó)家,幾乎一半的女性報(bào)告說其本人或其認(rèn)識(shí)的女性在疫情期間開始遭受性別暴力。近四分之一的女性報(bào)告說家庭沖突變得更加頻繁。類似比例的女性表示在家中的安全感有所下降。
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Summary丨知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
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Violence against women and girls continues to be the most pervasive and pressing human rights issue in the world today.
暴力侵害婦女和女童行為仍然是當(dāng)今世界最普遍、最緊迫的人權(quán)問題。
本句主語(yǔ)為「violence against women and girls」,against在在此處意為“對(duì)...不利“,girl根據(jù)語(yǔ)境處理得更正式和鄭重,未翻譯成“女孩”,而是“女童”,原文結(jié)構(gòu)“對(duì)婦女和女童不利的暴力”進(jìn)行了成分上的轉(zhuǎn)譯,并增譯范疇詞“行為,得到「暴力侵害婦女和兒童行為」.
「the most pervasive and pressing human rights issue 」pervasive和pressing都是政經(jīng)類文本中的常見形容詞,「pervasive」表示分布范圍極廣,英文釋義為existing everywhere,常譯作“隨處可見的”“普遍的”。在考研英語(yǔ)一的閱讀真題里,有這樣一句關(guān)于反智主義的描寫就用到了該詞:
Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find.
學(xué)校里不難發(fā)現(xiàn)反智主義的普遍表現(xiàn)。
「pressing」表示“緊迫的”“迫切的”,近義詞為urgent,因此賓語(yǔ)部分為「當(dāng)今世界最普遍、最緊迫的人權(quán)問題」。
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It is both an abhorrent crime and a public health emergency, with far-reaching consequences for millions of women and girls in every corner of the globe.
這既是一種令人憎惡的犯罪行為,也是一個(gè)公共衛(wèi)生緊急情況,給全球各地?cái)?shù)以百萬計(jì)的婦女和女童造成了深遠(yuǎn)的后果。
「It」指代上文的「暴力侵害婦女和兒童行為」,「abhorrent」表示“可恨的,令人憎惡的”,「某人憎惡、痛恨某行為」常用be abhorrent to sb.表示,此時(shí)以物作主語(yǔ),例如:
The practice of killing animals for food is utterly abhorrent to me.
我非常痛恨殺死動(dòng)物制成盤中餐的做法。
《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》中還有一例,描寫了西方人對(duì)于雞爪這道食材的態(tài)度:
The thought of eating talons is abhorrent to many Westerners, but they often feature in Cantonese recipes.
很多西方人不喜歡吃雞爪,但雞爪經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在粵菜菜譜中。
因此,「an abhorrent crime」處理為“令人憎惡的犯罪行為”,“行為”為又一無實(shí)意的范疇詞。
「a public health emergency」:一個(gè)公共衛(wèi)生緊急情況。
「with far-reaching consequences for millions of women and girls」:「far-reaching」表示“深遠(yuǎn)的”,也是政經(jīng)類文本中的常客,常用來形容impact/influence/consequence這些表示“影響”的詞。此處將介詞with轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞,又根據(jù)感情色彩偏向消極和否定,譯作「造成了深遠(yuǎn)的后果」。
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The latest figures from UN Women confirm that during the COVID-19 pandemic, levels of violence against women and girls have increased.
聯(lián)合國(guó)婦女署的最新數(shù)據(jù)證實(shí),在COVID-19大流行期間,暴力侵害婦女和女童行為有所增多。
「UN Women」:聯(lián)合國(guó)婦女署,「figures」〔尤指官方公布的〕數(shù)據(jù),數(shù)字,
「confirm that」后接賓語(yǔ)從句,表示“證實(shí)某事”。「levels of sth increased」中的level值得注意,不要一看到level就不經(jīng)思考譯作“水平”,該詞可以根據(jù)語(yǔ)境的不同,處理為程度、強(qiáng)度、數(shù)量、濃度等詞,例如:
the level of illiteracy among scholl-leavers
輟學(xué)者中的文盲人數(shù)
the level of alcohol in the blood
血液中的酒精含量
在本文中,由于指的是“暴力事件的數(shù)量有所增多”,故處理為「暴力侵害婦女和女童行為有所增多。」
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Across 13 countries, almost half of all women reported that they or a woman they know began to experience gender-based violence during the pandemic.
在13個(gè)國(guó)家,幾乎一半的女性報(bào)告說其本人或其認(rèn)識(shí)的女性在疫情期間開始遭受性別暴力。
「almost half of all women」表示“幾乎一半的女性”,這個(gè)almost也可以用nearly和virtually來表示,
「reported that」處理為“報(bào)告說”或“報(bào)告稱”,「experience gender-based violence」:「gender-based violence」不要譯為“基于性別的暴力”,譯作“性別暴力”更通俗也更為人理解。
「experience」本身為“體驗(yàn),經(jīng)驗(yàn)”,此處譯作更符合感情色彩的「遭受」。
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Almost a quarter of women reported that household conflicts had become more frequent. A similar proportion said they felt less safe at home.
近四分之一的女性報(bào)告說家庭沖突變得更加頻繁。類似比例的女性表示在家中的安全感有所下降。
「a quarter of women」表示“四分之一的女性”,「household conflicts」表示“家庭沖突”,此外,除了household,domestic也可以表示“家庭的,家里的”,縮略語(yǔ)DV一詞可表示“家庭暴力”,全稱為domestic violence。
「A similar proportion 」表示“相同比例的”,proportion一詞表示“比例”,這個(gè)詞的幾個(gè)常見用法我們來盤點(diǎn)一下:
①A比B的比例:the proportion of A to B,介詞用to,例:
What’s the proportion of boys to girls in your class?
你們班里男女生的比例是多少?
②與...成正比:in direct proportion to
The rewards you get in this job are in direct proportion to the effort you put in.
你做這份工作的報(bào)酬與你付出的努力成正比。
③與...成反比:in inverse proportion to
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Violence in any part of society affects us all. From the scars on the next generation to the weakening of the social fabric.
社會(huì)上任何地方的暴力都會(huì)影響到我們所有人。這包括給下一代留下心理創(chuàng)傷,也包括使社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)受到削弱。
這一句的精彩之處在于用「from...to...」表列舉的用法,列舉暴力行為所帶來的不良影響,「the scars on the next generation」表示“給下一代留下的心理創(chuàng)傷”,譯文將定中結(jié)構(gòu)處理為主謂結(jié)構(gòu),“創(chuàng)傷”一詞還可用trauma,
相應(yīng)地,「the weakening of the social fabric」處理為“使社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)受到削弱”,里面的fabric除了表示“織物”,還可表示“(社會(huì)的)結(jié)構(gòu)”,例如:
Drug abuse poses a major threat to the fabric of our society.
吸毒對(duì)我們的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)造成嚴(yán)重威脅。