成都周邊狼煙起

Smoke rising around Chengdu

夜空混沌，曠野迷朦。田野中，星羅棋布的火堆在肆無(wú)忌憚地燃燒；空氣里，彌漫著一股嗆人的煙霧。周興和打開(kāi)汽車大燈，緩緩行進(jìn)在空曠的田野中。接連幾天晚上，周興和都帶著報(bào)社的記者，在成都郊縣的田間地頭做起調(diào)查研究來(lái)。

The night sky was chaotic, and the wilderness was hazy. The farm fields were dotted with fires burning unbridled; the air was thick with choking smoke. Zhou Xinghe turned on the headlights and drived slowly through the open fields. For several nights, Zhou Xinghe and the newspaper journalists were out in the fields of suburban Chengdu.

天賜良機(jī)！

A godsend opportunity!

冥冥之中，周興和發(fā)明以秸稈作為主要原材料的綠色建材，似乎印證了中國(guó)的一句成語(yǔ)：得道多助，失道寡助——這個(gè)“道”，筆者理解，應(yīng)該是指的是天意民意。

Zhou Xinghe invented the green building materials with straw as the main raw material, which seemed to confirm the Chinese proverb: A just cause has many helpers while an unjust one finds few followers. This "justice", as the author understands, should refer to the will of heaven and public opinion.

1998年5月14日，《成都晚報(bào)》以《市郊濃煙又起》為題報(bào)道：“昨日晚，本報(bào)熱線電話接連不斷，幾乎全是反映市郊農(nóng)民焚燒麥稈的情況。西南航空公司飛行部賴先生告知記者，由于煙霧彌漫，兩架準(zhǔn)備在成都降落的民航班機(jī)只好飛往重慶降落。

On May 14, 1998, Chengdu Evening News reported under the title "Suburban Smoke Rises Again": "Yesterday evening, our hotline calls were ringing continuously, almost all of which were about the burning of straw by suburban farmers. Mr. Lai of Southwest Airlines Flight Department told the journalist that because of the smoke, two commercial flights scheduled to land in Chengdu had to land in Chongqing.

“一位家住金花附近的居民來(lái)電說(shuō)，天剛一黑，農(nóng)民便點(diǎn)燃了堆放在田中的麥稈，頓時(shí)煙霧便升騰起來(lái)。另一位家住雙流的居民來(lái)電說(shuō)，到晚上10許，整個(gè)雙流縣城極其附近都成了煙霧彌漫的區(qū)域，居民們要緊閉門(mén)窗，根本不敢出門(mén)。一位西南航空的飛行員來(lái)電告訴記者，他8點(diǎn)過(guò)駕駛飛機(jī)降落雙流機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，已見(jiàn)機(jī)場(chǎng)被煙霧籠罩，到9點(diǎn)過(guò)就根本看不清跑道了。飛行值班的賴先生告訴記者，到晚上9點(diǎn)過(guò)，機(jī)場(chǎng)的能見(jiàn)度因?yàn)闊熿F已低于800米，不僅飛機(jī)無(wú)法降落，還給航路指揮、飛機(jī)加油，以及旅客、飛行員住宿等都帶來(lái)了極大麻煩……”

"A resident living near Jinhua called to say that as soon as it was dark, the farmer ignited the straw stacked in the field, causing the smoke to rise immediately. Another resident of Shuangliu said, by 10 p.m., the whole county and its surrounding area had become a smoke-filled area, and the residents had to close their doors and windows and were afraid to go out. A Southwest Airlines pilot called to tell the journalist that when he landed at Shuangliu just after 8 p.m., he saw the airport was shrouded in smoke and could not see the runway at all by 9 p.m. Mr. Lai on flight duty told the journalist that by 9 p.m., the visibility of the airport had been less than 800 meters because of the smoke, which not only caused the plane could not land, but also bring great trouble for the route command, aircraft refueling, and passengers, pilots accommodation and so on..."

1998年5月15日，《成都晚報(bào)》又以《滿城煙霧籠罩，市民怨聲四起》為題報(bào)道：“昨晚市郊濃煙又籠罩全城，記者電話從晚上8點(diǎn)到11點(diǎn)不停響起，而傳來(lái)的是同樣的抱怨聲：‘你們出來(lái)看看，這滿城的煙霧，太讓人難受了?！鲩T(mén)一轉(zhuǎn)，滿城濃濃的煙霧彌漫天空，住宅區(qū)里不時(shí)傳來(lái)‘關(guān)窗、關(guān)窗’的喊聲。四川大學(xué)的老師11點(diǎn)還打電話來(lái)說(shuō)，校園里煙霧嗆人，令人難以入睡，有些人不?？人裕行└械叫貝灐?/p>

On May 15, 1998, Chengdu Evening News reported again under the title "Smoke Shrouding the City, Citizens' Complaints Are Everywhere": "Last night, the thick smog enveloped the city again. The journalist's phone rang from 8 p.m. to 11 p.m., and the same complaints came: 'Come out and have a look, the smoke shrouding the city is very disturbing.' As soon as I left the house, I saw the sky was filled with thick smoke, and the sound of 'shut the windows' came from the residential quarters. A teacher from Sichuan University called at 11 p.m. to say that the choking smoke on campus made it difficult to fall asleep, and that some people were coughing and feeling chest tightness..."

緊接著，成都市委辦公廳、市人民政府辦公廳發(fā)出《關(guān)于禁止焚燒農(nóng)作物秸稈的緊急通知》?！锻ㄖ分v了焚燒秸稈的普遍現(xiàn)象和巨大危害，嚴(yán)令各區(qū)縣政府采取嚴(yán)厲措施，禁止秸稈的焚燒，并措辭嚴(yán)厲地提出，對(duì)禁而不止的要依法堅(jiān)決查處！

Then, the General Office of Chengdu Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal People's Government issued the "Emergency Notice on Banning the Burning of Crop Straw". The "Notice" talked about the widespread phenomenon of burning straw and great harm, strictly ordered all district and county governments to take strict measures to prohibit the burning of straw, and worded strictly to reqiure the resolute investigation and punishment according to the law!

周興和很敏銳，當(dāng)他第一眼看見(jiàn)報(bào)上關(guān)于市郊大量焚燒秸稈、影響飛機(jī)降落和污染環(huán)境的報(bào)道，立即意識(shí)到這件事和他事業(yè)的重要關(guān)聯(lián)，他發(fā)明的以秸稈作原材料的新型建材項(xiàng)目，對(duì)于解決秸稈焚燒問(wèn)題，提供了一個(gè)天賜的良機(jī)！于是，接連好幾天，為了掌握第一手資料，一到天黑，他就拉上報(bào)紙或電視臺(tái)的記者，奔忙于田野之間。他要調(diào)查了解起關(guān)于秸稈焚燒屢禁不止的真正原因，以及能切實(shí)解決這個(gè)的問(wèn)題的辦法來(lái)。

Zhou Xinghe was very sharp. When he first saw the newspaper report on a large number of burning straw in the suburb, and affecting the land and polluting the environment, he was immediately aware of the importance of this matter and his career; his invention of new building materials needed the straw as raw material, which provided a heaven-sent opportunity to solve the problem of straw burning! So, for days on end, in order to get the first-hand information, he rushed from field to field with journalists from newspapers or television stations as soon as it was dark. He wanted to investigate the real reasons for the persistence of straw burning and find out how to solve the problem.

周興和知道，中國(guó)有句古話：叫住“法不責(zé)眾”，市政府的這個(gè)緊急通知，面對(duì)鋪天蓋地轟轟烈烈的秸稈焚燒，恐怕只是一紙空文而已！

Zhou Xinghe knew that there was an old saying in China: "The law does not punish numerous offenders." This urgent notice from the municipal government might be just a piece of paper in the face of overwhelming and vigorous straw burning.

情況正如周興和所料。

The situation was just as Zhou Xinghe expected.

在《通知》發(fā)出后的第3天，1998年5月18日，《成都商報(bào)》以《“農(nóng)煙”延誤61個(gè)航班，創(chuàng)我國(guó)民航史之“最”——成都緊急禁“煙”》為題再次做了報(bào)道：“截止昨日下午2時(shí)，農(nóng)民焚燒秸稈產(chǎn)生的濃煙已使雙流國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)37個(gè)航班延誤或取消，加上前晚被迫取消昨天補(bǔ)班的4個(gè)航班，導(dǎo)致了一天之內(nèi)61個(gè)航班無(wú)法正常飛行的嚴(yán)重事件。昨日，省市環(huán)保局組成的聯(lián)合調(diào)查組對(duì)濃煙進(jìn)行了調(diào)查稱：近期情況表明，焚燒秸稈的狀況已不僅限于我市某些區(qū)縣，不排除整個(gè)成都平原及周邊地區(qū)都在焚燒的可能性；加之我市地處四川盆地‘鍋底’的特殊地理環(huán)境，致使籠罩我市上空的煙霧一時(shí)無(wú)法散開(kāi)，越積越多，終于在昨日達(dá)到非常嚴(yán)重的地步……”

In the 3rd day after the "Notice" issued, on May 18, 1998, Chengdu Commercial Daily reported under the title "Smoke Delayed 61 Flights, Creating New Record in China’s Civil Aviation History - Chengdu Bans Smoke Emergently": "As of yesterday at 2 p.m., the farmers burning straw to produce smoke has delayed or cancelled 37 flights of Shuangliu International Airport, plus 4 flights of yesterday forced to be cancelled the night before last night, causing the serious incident that 61 flights can't fly normally in one day. Yesterday, the provincial and municipal environmental protection bureau formed a joint investigation team to investigate the smoke and said: the recent conditions show that the burning of straw has not been limited to some districts and counties in the city, and it do not rule out the possibility that the entire Chengdu Plain and the surrounding areas are burning straws; in addition, our city is located in the bottom of Sichuan Basin, and the special geographical environment makes the smog over our city can not disperse for a while, but gather together more and more, so that finally reached a very serious condition yesterday..."

一時(shí)間、四川、成都，乃至中央電視臺(tái)等所有媒體，都加入了這場(chǎng)關(guān)于秸稈焚燒污染環(huán)境、影響飛機(jī)起降、影響市民健康的報(bào)道之中，呼吁有關(guān)部門(mén)盡快解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。這些報(bào)道以《農(nóng)民好像吃了豹子膽，秸稈照燒不誤》、《成都周邊狼煙四起，雙流機(jī)場(chǎng)望煙興嘆》、《秸稈焚燒屢禁不止，成都早晚淪為煙城》等觸目驚心的字眼為標(biāo)題。到了收割季節(jié)的傍晚，各區(qū)縣至少組織上萬(wàn)人在田間地頭巡查——可，廣大地域上的農(nóng)民們和政府工作人員打起了游擊戰(zhàn)和麻雀戰(zhàn)：你進(jìn)我退，你退我燒、你疲我擾，照燒不誤，令你防不勝防。

All of a sudden, Sichuan, Chengdu and even CCTV and other media joined in the report on the pollution caused by straw burning, affecting the takeoff and landing of aircraft and affecting the health of citizens, calling on relevant departments to solve the problem as soon as possible. These reports were titled with such shocking words as "The farmers are bold and the straw is still burning", "The smoke around Chengdu is everywhere and Shuangliu Airport could just sign toward the smoke", and "The straw burning continues despite the prohibition and Chengdu becomes a city of smoke sooner or later". By the evening of the harvest season, at least ten thousand people were patrolling the fields in all districts and countys - but the farmers conducted the guerrilla warfare and sparrow warfare with the government workers in the vast field: you come and I retreat, you retreat and I burn, you are tired and I harass, burning straws by all means and making you impossible to work effectively.

更為嚴(yán)重的是，1998年5月15日，國(guó)務(wù)院總理朱镕基到四川檢查工作，由于農(nóng)民焚燒秸稈造成濃煙，使總理乘坐的專機(jī)都無(wú)法降落雙流機(jī)場(chǎng)，不得不返飛北京。就在同一天，朱總理在四川省委的情況報(bào)告上批示“還可以去四川試點(diǎn)，四川稻草成災(zāi)，正好綜合利用。此件送請(qǐng)世杰、寶瑞同志閱?！?/p>

What’s more serious was that on May 15, 1998, Premier Zhu Rongji went to Sichuan to inspect. Due to the smoke caused by the burning of straw by farmers, the special plane of Premier Zhu could not land at Shuangliu Airport and had to return to Beijing. On the same day, Premier Zhu instructed on the situation report of Sichuan Provincial Party Committee that "it can also go to Sichuan for a pilot project; Sichuan straw has been a disaster, and is just suitable for the comprehensive utilization. Please send this document to Mr. Xie Shijie and Song Baorui."

1998年7月3日，朱镕基總理又到四川視察洪災(zāi)情況，住在金牛賓館。晚上，省委書(shū)記謝世杰、省長(zhǎng)宋寶瑞對(duì)總理說(shuō)：總理啊，晚飯后是不是出去散散步呢？四川的環(huán)境還是比較優(yōu)雅的。

On July 3, 1998, Premier Zhu Rongji went to Sichuan to inspect the flood situation and stayed at Jinniu Hotel. In the evening, Provincial Party Secretary Xie Shijie and Governor Song Baorui said to the Premier: Mr. Premier, shall we go out for a walk after dinner? The environment in Sichuan is elegant.

可當(dāng)朱總理剛走到賓館外的郎家村，就看到了田野里到處焚燒秸稈的場(chǎng)面，他不由得停住了腳步。這場(chǎng)面大概令他想起一個(gè)多月前，飛機(jī)在成都不能降落返飛北京的事情。他皺了皺眉頭說(shuō)：還說(shuō)你們四川的環(huán)境優(yōu)雅，你們看，到處燒得烏煙瘴氣的！四川兩位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)受了總理批評(píng)，連忙解釋道：我們采取了很多措施，正在想辦法解決。朱總理說(shuō)：這個(gè)問(wèn)題已經(jīng)很嚴(yán)重了，要盡快想辦法解決。兩位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)連忙答道：是是是，我們盡快想辦法解決。停了停，朱總理想了想說(shuō)道：國(guó)家給你們1000萬(wàn)，盡快想辦法解決秸稈焚燒這個(gè)大問(wèn)題。

But as soon as Premier Zhu reached Langjia Village outside the hotel, he saw the burning of straw in the fields. He could not help stopping. The scene probably reminded him of the situation more than a month ago, when the plane couldn't land in Chengdu and fly back to Beijing. He frowned and said: You said that Sichuan environment is elegant, but you see, everywhere burns the straw and the smoke is just like the miasma! The two Sichuan leaders, criticized by the Premier, quickly explained: We have taken a lot of measures and are trying to solve the problem. Premier Zhu said: This problem is very serious, and we should solve it as soon as possible. Two leaders hurriedly answered: Yes, we are trying. After a pause, Premier Zhu thought for a moment and said, "The state will give you 10 million yuan. Try to solve the problem of straw burning as soon as possible.

可要解決成都平原幾千年來(lái)秸稈焚燒的問(wèn)題，談何容易！

But it was not easy to solve the problem of straw burning in Chengdu Plain which had been lasted for thousands of years.

過(guò)去成都平原人煙相對(duì)稀少，也沒(méi)有工業(yè)煙塵和汽車尾氣的污染，天上更沒(méi)有飛機(jī)降落，所以矛盾還不是那么突出，也就無(wú)人過(guò)問(wèn)?？啥瘢B國(guó)家總理都親自過(guò)問(wèn)，下令要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題了。

In the past, the Chengdu Plain was relatively sparsely populated, free of industrial smoke and automobile exhaust pollution, and free of aircraft in the sky. But now, even the prime minister himself had ordered to solve the problem.

而今，周興和駕著車，依然緩緩行進(jìn)在田野中。

At the moment, Zhou Xinghe was driving slowly in the fields.

盡管媒體連篇累牘關(guān)于焚燒秸稈污染環(huán)境的報(bào)道，盡管政府的禁令措辭嚴(yán)厲，政府工作人員工作也很賣力，但周興和與記者們行進(jìn)在附近郊縣的田野中，秸稈焚燒的火堆仍然星羅棋布，濃煙依然遮天避月，火堆邊不時(shí)晃動(dòng)著幾個(gè)人影，一見(jiàn)遠(yuǎn)處有車有人到來(lái)，像當(dāng)年躲避日本人“大掃蕩”一樣，立即消失得無(wú)影無(wú)蹤。

Despite the media reports of environmental pollution by the burning of straw, despite the government banning sternly, and the government staff worked very hard, but when Zhou Xinghe marched with journalists in the field near the suburban counties, the straw burning fires were still dotted in the field, and the smoke still covered the sky and moon; there were a few figures shaking beside the fire from time to time, but when they saw someone or car came from the distance, they immediately disappeared without a trace like to run away from the Japanese "sweeping" in the war years.

過(guò)后兩三天，周興和也學(xué)聰明了，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)看見(jiàn)火堆，就停了車熄了火，一個(gè)人慢慢朝火堆和燒火的人影走去，他想和這些農(nóng)民兄弟們好好交談交談……

After two or three days, Zhou Xinghe also learned to be smart. Seeing the fire from afar, he stopped his car and stalled, slowly walked towards the fire and the figure burning straws, and just wanted to have a conversation with those farmers...