{"ops":[{"insert":"注：（以下棘龍迷皆為對棘龍戰(zhàn)斗力吸引導(dǎo)致的不理智粉絲，非要對號入座我不攔）\n 棘龍因?yàn)橐恍┍娝苤脑螂x開了斗獸圈，不過最近卻掀起了一股棘龍vs異龍、棘龍vs大白鯊的風(fēng)氣，甚至yy出棘龍爆異龍與大白鯊的神論，大有當(dāng)年的斗獸小鬼風(fēng)氣，來，棘異雙方來公平對比，棘龍出最熟悉的4047對異龍科考最大的個(gè)體之一的AMNH680（沒必要用依潘、食蜥），將從斗獸小鬼最熟悉的體型、硬件、場地并且用“數(shù)據(jù)打敗數(shù)據(jù)”開始分析\n體型對比"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n4047體型：（體長不作介紹看Sereno的表）\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/b9b9b0486862b5d8ce9dced4b550cf1e76cc5d04.jpg","width":533,"height":246,"size":47591,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n方法1ES法：4047沒有股骨，引用Nizar Ibrahim14年的數(shù)據(jù)FL83cm Fc32數(shù)據(jù)套2014年Campione算式，不過棘龍腿短，骨密度大，等Fc情況下加35％所以實(shí)效Fc＝32x135％＝432cm套坎皮恩的算式log10(x)=2.754×log10(432)-0.683為4噸左右加上Ecc1.44噸修正結(jié)果為6噸左右，當(dāng)然了，這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)偏輕\n方法二VD法，Sereno和Nizar給的密度不一樣（涉禽派和水生派的套路…）\n用Sereno的論文體積結(jié)果是 單位m3\n全身8.97\n脖子0.21\n軀干4.0\n四肢0.24＋0.45\n神經(jīng)棘0.4\n蠑螈尾2.81\n不過活體偏細(xì)模型脖子，因?yàn)镾ereno用的是裝架掃的，不過裝架的寰椎和枕髁拼的有問題，再加上模型肺部做大減下了一部分體積，真實(shí)體積按9算，而密度雙方都有問題塞里諾給的0.9明顯低了，大型獸腳類密度95~97%才是常態(tài)，而Nizar給了1.2…這也是為啥他的棘龍有12噸了…這里密度我給1，用Sereno和Nizar的密度玩一下Rp或者Smith的密度都差不多，那么Sereno的4047就是9噸\n \n\n異龍?bào)w型：AMNH680有多個(gè)不同的測量數(shù)據(jù)就“高個(gè)里挑矮”的用carrona的測量，因?yàn)槲也惶慅垼?80就用carrona的測量吧FL973，F(xiàn)c381 AP115\n不同于高度特化的棘龍，異龍明顯更適用于Es算法，用log10(x)=2.754×log10(381)-0.683\n結(jié)果為2.8噸左右，用Ecc修的話，由于carrona的測量沒有ML數(shù)據(jù)，這里引用下坎皮恩的DAP 115.7 DML 129，原文AP與ML數(shù)據(jù)寫反了…ML÷AP為Ecc結(jié)果為1.12左右，按1.4倍修正結(jié)果接近4噸\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/d8a4b9f278f33b390653bfbebf403104ac98fe1f.jpg","width":2180,"height":799,"size":491290,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"制圖作者@這個(gè)遜就是遜了\n這一對比在體型上，棘龍占優(yōu)\n為什么棘龍無法重傷異龍"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n至于棘龍的前肢能不能夠到異龍的身子或者頭造成有效傷害這是個(gè)問題，因?yàn)榧埜鱾€(gè)版本的重心不一樣，反正Nizar的棘龍肯定不行…\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/3789aad66526c57de4435175df05e41a60213d29.jpg","width":1080,"height":804,"size":157738,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"連嘴都夠不到…還想著當(dāng)武器就算了，那么如果真的夠的到的話，他能夠給異龍?jiān)斐捎行?？很遺憾，還是不能\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/bd3a1f0a7c7ae4d7332fa39b47a99dca2f1ac7e2.jpg","width":967,"height":582,"size":92927,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"來自David論文里關(guān)于指爪曲率與長度的圖甲尖和基部之間畫一條AB線。這條線被一條垂直線一分為二，直到它在C點(diǎn)與甲骨接觸。從A到C和A到B畫直線，并測量內(nèi)角，Sp為棘龍、SB為棘龍B，Al為異龍，很遺憾，可能是半水生的原因，或者前爪長期接觸地面導(dǎo)致指爪彎曲度不大（鋒利就別扯了）更何況棘龍很有可能和水生的物種一樣四肢可能有不少軟組織…\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/92fc1c8546666155378bfcfacdf1bbfb6be85b03.jpg","width":958,"height":751,"size":255018,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n\n那頭部呢？\n有朋友可能在“科普up”的視頻中看過這種自創(chuàng)數(shù)據(jù)\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/bef3dc9709503d28b31c6340169fce8ff2eba0fc.jpg","width":2400,"height":1080,"size":965471,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"當(dāng)然了，關(guān)于棘龍的咬合力研究非常有限，據(jù)體數(shù)據(jù)多少很難說，不過弗朗索瓦的表只的可提供一些參考\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/e89a09c811b7f723aceda5e26d064b83da032f5a.jpg","width":1080,"height":1164,"size":224944,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"還有當(dāng)然顴寬算咬力的，棘龍顱寬就三十多厘米，這么看和2噸異龍咬力差不多…（地洞了）\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/a153100dbf5d85628f5338cdf2e004c20f173af4.jpg","width":2400,"height":1080,"size":514731,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":" 那牙齒是否和上圖“自創(chuàng)論文”中這種綜合能力差不多呢？很遺憾依然不能，關(guān)于，先講個(gè)測量牙齒的基礎(chǔ)，CH即為齒冠高度（crow height ），CBL即為齒冠基底的長（crown base length），CBW即為齒冠基底的寬（crown base width），而通常判斷齒冠截面的相對粗細(xì)則是看CBR（ crown base ratio），CBR就是CBW/CBL的比值【牙基底部的寬長比】，通常情況下，得到的結(jié)果＞0.6，則說明牙齒的基部相對更粗，即為偏圓錐形牙齒，而＜0.6則說明牙齒的基部截面是橢圓（具體可見雙子山獵人的動態(tài)）\n\n以下數(shù)據(jù)單位為mm\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/005ddbee6a5126c66d66e550554fcf04d81f28c0.jpg","width":1080,"height":1620,"size":467098,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"這里引用Hendrickx表\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/9dc823abd0f5ab8ed49e11d1f5487b6e54c215c7.jpg","width":2138,"height":871,"size":647239,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"3個(gè)棘龍（SMA0173、MSNM V6472、MSNM V3976）的掉牙分別為CBL（ 27.8、26.3、18.1）CBW（23.9 、23.3、17.1）CH（81.6、55.2、45.6）CBR都是0.9左右，由于異龍測量數(shù)據(jù)太多這里就用CBR平均值0.772，很明顯相對于棘龍異有著更適合撕咬的牙齒，而且要知道棘龍只測了三顆牙CH最高的才88mm，CBR平均值很可能會更高\(yùn)n異龍的優(yōu)勢"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n優(yōu)勢一：活動范圍更大的前肢這里引用一下Matt南方獵龍論文里的表\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/c2d1d80cf954d81a6da5ad956edb4e26d62627f5.jpg","width":1080,"height":1086,"size":340217,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"這里可以看出異特龍的ROM（活動范圍）再加上更鋒利的指爪（可見David論文的表，就在上文）棘龍的前肢化石不完整沒有論文詳細(xì)計(jì)算過ROM，我查到的只有RusseII的老文和David的論文里有描述肱骨\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/da88a952ffb1b078e86489bfadbd445ea3a41144.jpg","width":908,"height":918,"size":278099,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n優(yōu)勢二：異龍的口裂更大，更大的撕咬面積，在Bakker等人在異龍頭部，在分析了劍齒虎等外枕骨向下移動，且遠(yuǎn)低于枕髁的生物，并且通過對比方骨（對象為角鼻龍），異龍明顯更適合大口裂，并通過重建頸部肌肉與頜內(nèi)收肌等\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/f4a5c46d654bbc953b27e0c7aff206cf33985d0e.jpg","width":959,"height":612,"size":240798,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/26572953e127db71660610f055f277b2da3e1f6b.jpg","width":838,"height":1061,"size":281208,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"而棘龍則正好相反在Hendrickx的一篇對棘龍方骨進(jìn)行分類骨學(xué)論文中則怡好證明了棘龍的方骨并不支持較大的口裂，最大角度可能只有45度\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/7494679ce0c77e557d59c43508f51f770fa2bb5c.jpg","width":898,"height":357,"size":111342,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/f91fd1a72937082dec7ffd65c6ffc939856d5ea3.jpg","width":868,"height":833,"size":297105,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"不同兩者都有靈活頸椎，這條算是平手 Eric等人針對于一只很出名的異特龍（MOR 693）SKL76cm 頭寬21cm（被壓扁的數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)寬25cm以上）進(jìn)行CT重建頸椎和頭部，用鳥類的結(jié)構(gòu)模擬出異龍的呼吸道，運(yùn)動范圍如下圖\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/13580ee7399c1c952c41d5b27c871301cddde912.jpg","width":996,"height":1235,"size":381556,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/db1131e22b85e43a3e3ca0be68b2f43c7e27abb2.jpg","width":942,"height":1088,"size":319754,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"而且693的頸部生物力學(xué)結(jié)果如下\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/7f748a07b8622047bc4550dd527ad6ce43136e19.jpg","width":1054,"height":309,"size":116011,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":" 重建肌肉的尺寸、基線比張力ST為55 N/cm2 MTCP 為頭橫棘??；MTCR 為頸椎橫突??；MLCS 為頭淺最長??；MLCP為頭深最長??；MRCA 為頭前直肌/腹直肌。\n\n那么棘龍的頸部呢？呢？雖然棘龍沒有那么多技術(shù)支持，不過同樣有論文描述其作用，Evrs等人認(rèn)為棘龍頸椎的腹側(cè)表面上具有與發(fā)達(dá)肌肉組織的褶皺，并且適用于頸部彎曲，這對于在水中捕魚有好處，可以托著頭向水下猛撲獵物，且柔軟的頸椎能夠讓棘龍的脖子形“S”狀如下圖\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/2377404c681fa4436cb2042fe8f6951c89b79e11.jpg","width":980,"height":650,"size":165297,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"所以棘龍與異龍同樣擁有靈活的頸椎。這點(diǎn)比平\n\n\n優(yōu)勢三：異龍的生命力非常頑強(qiáng)，不少異龍出土的時(shí)候基本上都是遍體鱗傷。比如剛才提到的大艾爾全身上下有19處骨折肋骨斷了5根還有感染，最難受的還是腳上的病變\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/b0c3dfbd46369c882fe86a6f2c517bbeb74a2040.jpg","width":1188,"height":1188,"size":847240,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"因?yàn)楣钦蹖?dǎo)致的病變也就是骨髓炎，甚至有可能是腳上的疾病導(dǎo)致它喪失了捕獵的能力，最終被活活餓死。\n 還有大艾爾二號，同樣多處受傷 下處是他受傷的位置。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/dbe05dada9ae8a84fddd68539c37c34ce2bb5ba3.jpg","width":1080,"height":391,"size":106776,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"左側(cè)肋骨和前肢都受過傷還有坐骨。\n再說一個(gè)我們都知道的例子，恐龍星球中的異特龍的原型\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/c063480cb43843a81ce2ebb8819c0b51e5d3a4e8.jpg","width":1025,"height":841,"size":293663,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"異龍UMNH10781的第一節(jié)尾椎被劍龍的尾釘開了個(gè)洞，但這個(gè)傷口卻愈合的痕跡，這說明異龍?jiān)谶@一擊下活了下來，這再次說明了異龍頑強(qiáng)的生命力與莫里森組的殘酷\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"順便提醒一下那幫吹棘龍牙齒破防異龍的小鬼"},{"attributes":{"color":"#18191c"},"insert":"笑死了，你棘龍的牙有劍龍的尾釘厲害嗎？"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#18191c"},"insert":"優(yōu)勢四：有很多化石證據(jù)表明異龍可以并且有能力捕殺體型比自己乃至比棘龍大的多的獵物，也就是大型蜥腳類如下圖"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/9337dbc8ec6d4bb7f8636c4c4b3342333a1bfd59.jpg","width":1006,"height":1800,"size":558795,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"邁摩爾采石場迷惑龍坐骨標(biāo)本MWC4011，留下了來自異龍的咬痕，套用斯科特?哈特曼繪制的路氏迷惑龍CM3018，異龍AMNH680比例大至如下\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/5223531af0365ff97b7dc85a9468781dd4ad26e0.jpg","width":1396,"height":320,"size":147241,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"還有過超30噸的迷惑個(gè)體被啃過！\n\n在這一點(diǎn)上棘龍完全沒有化石證據(jù)能夠證明棘龍獵殺過或者有能力獵殺比自己體型更大的獵物（當(dāng)然了，與棘龍的食性有關(guān)，想看棘龍食性的可以看看好友"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"棘龍93Ⅰ"},{"attributes":{"color":"#18191c"},"insert":"的專欄哦）"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"總結(jié)一下，棘龍的牙齒與爪子對異龍無法造成有效傷害，而異龍有著包括爪子、體型、生命力、咬合力、口裂、前肢活動等大量硬件優(yōu)勢、且有直接證據(jù)證明異龍有能力獵殺體型更大的獵物，而棘龍沒有"},{"insert":"\n\n棘龍?jiān)谒飸?zhàn)斗力如何"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"可能有不少人因?yàn)榧埾旙⑽舱J(rèn)為棘龍水戰(zhàn)能力很高，的確連Nizar2020年的論文里用水槽中的一個(gè)棘龍塑料尾部形狀連接到機(jī)器人驅(qū)動軸上。參照尾部在機(jī)器人控制的游泳過程并比較尾部游泳性能的實(shí)驗(yàn)里，結(jié)果證明棘龍的尾部的推力是包括異龍?jiān)趦?nèi)常規(guī)獸腳類的數(shù)倍\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/d00ea0cff00902df60bb51e04b27a19d0d396394.jpg","width":957,"height":1065,"size":327780,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"那是否可以說明棘龍可以靠水性好的特點(diǎn)而擊敗異龍呢？很遺憾還是不能。\n\n 在2018年Hendrson等人為測試棘龍?jiān)谒械谋憩F(xiàn)做一個(gè)生物力學(xué)建模下圖\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/d67828b500cbbcf749348b4143ea4cbdf3acc2c1.jpg","width":1080,"height":1039,"size":337351,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"C為異龍，E為棘龍，深色的部分是肺\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/835b49a8b6a3529403d6b260fc9502a0a20ef831.jpg","width":1080,"height":518,"size":113875,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"得出的結(jié)論很驚人，因?yàn)榉尾康呐艢鈱?dǎo)致棘龍無法下將整個(gè)身子沒入水中，當(dāng)然了！這個(gè)論文里本身也有不合理的地方論文里給棘龍的密度只有0.833而且異龍只有0.811\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/83cecebae9a48ba11376d6f3710ce0134fc6eb4e.jpg","width":1080,"height":513,"size":152655,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"密度嚴(yán)重過輕，關(guān)于密度的問題上文已經(jīng)用VD法進(jìn)行過說明了，在這里不再贅述，這里可能有人會說2018的時(shí)候還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)蠑螈尾，這個(gè)論文是過時(shí)的，好！下文將以21年David論文與22年Sereno論文為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行講解\n\n首先棘龍本身就有諸多與水生不符的特點(diǎn)如下圖的黑色箭頭\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/b1a0ff52d7fa561efa3ef939de54b9c70d8576b9.jpg","width":1074,"height":792,"size":325138,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"不符合水生的大致特征大致為：A側(cè)面壓縮的頭骨，B鼻孔位置，C顎部功能，D眼眶位置，E頸部硬度和姿勢，F(xiàn)非流體動力學(xué)形狀，G在水中的不穩(wěn)定性，H亞鰻形運(yùn)動，I纖細(xì)的神經(jīng)棘，J尾部推進(jìn)力，K尾部末端靈活性，L尾部靈活性，M后肢有些萎縮，N第一趾增大，O口部肥大，P肺部充氣，Q前肢未縮小，R頸部肌肉松馳\n\n 也許棘龍尾巴推進(jìn)效率比常規(guī)獸腳類高，但很可惜鱷魚尾的效率是棘龍的1.5倍，尾巴等長的情況下棘龍要大的多，推進(jìn)也更困難，\n\n而且棘龍?jiān)谒羞€會有大量的阻力（體型越大的棘龍阻力越大即在水中的速度越慢），前肢似乎沒有減少，后肢顯示出有限的減少，身體形狀不是，尤其是背帆，即使完全沒入水中也會產(chǎn)生巨大的壓力阻力。這種阻力會極大地限制棘龍游泳時(shí)的加速度和最高速度。帆也可能從其后緣誘導(dǎo)水流，產(chǎn)生額外的阻力，此外，與更典型的D形布置相比，帆的“M”形布置在中部具有獨(dú)特的凹口會產(chǎn)生更大的阻力。所以為了避免波浪阻力必須完全浸沒超過3.5米（從背帆到水面）再加上棘龍本身的高度大概水深為6米，棘龍才會潛水（如下圖）\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/430099563871c05270ec02141bb8dcaa7ba316a3.jpg","width":952,"height":521,"size":51104,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"當(dāng)然了就算退一步說，它能夠潛水巨大的背帆直接斷送了偷襲的可能性 除非……\n\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/d38ae482dbbd0655ff8ff2334f1255d878539082.jpg","width":826,"height":240,"size":37727,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n拿robert的鯊雕配圖樂一樂…\nNizar的棘龍尚不如能否水，反Sereno的棘龍肯定不行Sereno用CT掃描為棘龍重建了一個(gè)肌肉模型用現(xiàn)存爬行動物與鳥類重建肺、氣囊、氣管）如下\n\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/e04b3c4872a40ffd839298c3f12ceaa167a910d3.jpg","width":1052,"height":863,"size":254816,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"為什么Sereno的棘龍無法潛水因?yàn)?.833的密度過輕遠(yuǎn)低于淡水的1與鹽水1.08且Sereno棘龍相較于Nizar的棘龍c椎縮短了13％軀干縮小了6％肩胛骨縮小了15％肱骨縮小了18％掌骨縮小了11％指骨指爪縮小了7％這導(dǎo)致棘龍的重心往中心靠（圖片紅點(diǎn)）這也是為什么Sereno的棘龍是“涉禽”了\n\n參考文就懶得寫了，因?yàn)閷?shí)在是太多了…估計(jì)都能有1000多字了。本來不是為了科普的，單純看不爽拿棘龍斗七斗八的小鬼的\n\n我知道寫完這篇文章之后有些人說什么“只是和你們觀點(diǎn)不同罷了”最好笑的是還說“什么要獨(dú)立思考，不聽大佬們的話”首先獨(dú)立思考我完全認(rèn)可，但自己思考的棘龍沖撞128噸的神論的人，我覺得還是聽別人說的吧…自己漲點(diǎn)知識別一天到晚活在自己的夢里"},{"attributes":{"header":2},"insert":"\n"}]}