large?[lɑ?rd?] adj. 大的；大規(guī)模的；大量的

形近詞：largely, enlarge

largely [?lɑ?rd?li] adv. 主要地；大體上地；大量地

It was largely a matter o trail and error.??

這主要是實驗和失敗的問題。a matter of ...的問題，大約，左右

?

enlarge [?n?lɑ?rd?] v. 擴大；放大；擴充

It can be learned from the first paragraph that _________.

[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members

[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant

[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership

[D] the government has improved its relationship with unionists

teamster卡車司機 ?civil servant之前就解釋過，公務員。membership會員，會員資格，會員數(shù)

翻譯：

通過第一段可知：_______.

[A] 卡車司機工會仍然有大量的會員

[B] Jimmy Hoffa曾經(jīng)作為公務員工作

[C] 工會已經(jīng)擴充了他們公共部門的會員人數(shù)

[D] ?政府已經(jīng)改善了他們和工會會員的關系

?

at large: 一般；全體地；普遍地

Amongst?the?population?at?large?the?support?for?the?present?regime?is?virtually?zero.??

在一般大眾中，對現(xiàn)政權的支持幾乎是零。

?

bulky [?b?lki] adj. 龐大的；體積大的

Bulky items will be collected separately. 大件物品將會分開收集。

?

outsize [?a?tsa?z] adj. 特大的 ?outsize clothes 特大號服裝

?

huge [hju?d?] adj. 龐大的 ?a huge crowd龐大的人群

?

mark [mɑ?rk]

v. 做標記；指出；標明；貼標簽

n. ?痕跡；斑點；污點；記號；符號；分數(shù)

形近詞：market，marketplace，marked，marketer，remark，remarkable，landmark

America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.

句子拆開再組合：美國的新計劃，什么樣的新計劃——購買不良資產(chǎn)。toxic asset有毒資產(chǎn)，不良資產(chǎn)，壞資產(chǎn)。find除了尋找，還有發(fā)現(xiàn)和認為的意思。

翻譯：美國購買不良資產(chǎn)的新計劃將不會起作用，除非銀行將資產(chǎn)標記到買家認為有吸引力的水平。

?

market [?mɑ?rk?t]

n. 市場；行情

v. 推銷；營銷

The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.

過去，營銷成功的粗略指導就是你付出什么，收獲什么。

?

Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas——such as free markets and self-reliance——as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.

將句子拆開再組合——routinely 副詞，常規(guī)地，例行地，通常地，慣常地，毫不意外地。and是treat相關的并列，progressive可作名詞進步人士，開明人士，改革派，但是在句子中，progressive是形容詞，表示進步的，開明的，革新的。所以，progressive interpretation of history 翻譯為對歷史的革新性解讀， progressive public policy開明的公共政策，proper subject of study適合的研究課題，portray描述，conservative保守的，保守黨的，classical liberal ideas古典的自由主義理念，such as諸如，free market自由市場，self-reliance 獨立自主，自力更生，fall outside the boundary of routine，掉出路徑的邊界線之外，意為不合常規(guī)，最后一個and是在破折號之后，并且investigation和routine都是名詞，滿足并列條件。一定要記住：and并列的兩個詞，詞性必須相同。intellectual除了智力的，還有理智的意思，investigation除了調查，還有研究的意思。

翻譯：今天，教授們通常將對歷史的革新性解讀和進步的公共政策作為適合的研究課題，與此同時，教授們描述保守的和古典的自由思想理念——比如自由市場和自力更生——作為偏離常規(guī)的，并且有時是偏離合理的，理智的調查研究。

?

marketplace [?mɑ?rk?tple?s] n. 市集；商場；市場

Companies must be albe to survive in the marketplace.

公司必須有能力在市場中存活下去。

?

marked [mɑ?rkt] adj. 顯著的，明顯的；有記號的；?

There is a marketed difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the deliberate educating of the young.

每個人通過與他人相處得到的教育與對年輕人的刻意教育有一個很明顯的區(qū)別。

?

marketer [?mɑ?rk?t?r] n. 商人；市場營銷人員

Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users’?responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media——for instance，when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.

將句子拆開再組合：paid and owned media，形容詞的并列，paid是pay的ed形式表示形容詞，paid media付費媒體，owned media自有媒體也就是自媒體，所以，Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.翻譯成：付費媒體和自媒體被市場營銷人員控制來推銷他們自己的產(chǎn)品。For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users’?response. 句子中的initiator是創(chuàng)始人，發(fā)起人，的意思，這里可以翻譯成引爆者。e-commerce電子商務。

翻譯：付費媒體和自媒體是由市場營銷人員控制來推廣他們自己的產(chǎn)品。對于賺錢的媒體，這些市場營銷人員是作為用戶回應的引爆者而表現(xiàn)的。但是在一些情況下，一個市場營銷人員的自媒體編程另一個市場營銷人員的付費媒體——舉例子，當一個電子商務零售在它自己的網(wǎng)站上銷售廣告空間。

?

remark [r??mɑ?rk]

n. 評論；談到

v. 評論；話語

He made a number of rude remarks of the food.

他對事物做出了很多粗魯?shù)脑u論。

?

remarkable [r??mɑ?rk?bl] adj. 不同尋常的；非凡的；值得注意的；

She was a truly remarkable woman.

?

landmark [?l?ndmɑ?rk]?

n. 地標；里程碑；轉折點

adj. 有重大意義或影響的

The Empire State Building is a familiar landmark on the New York skyline.

帝國大廈是紐約輪廓線一道熟悉的地標。

?

blot [blɑ?t] n. 污點

Her involvement in the fraud has left a serious blot on her character.

她卷入了這場詐騙案，給她的性格留下了一個嚴重的污點。

?

spot [spɑ?t] n. 點；斑點

Which has spots, the leopard or the tiger?

?

stain [ste?n]

n. 污跡；污漬

v. 玷污；污染

I hope it doesn’t stain the carpet.我希望他不要把地毯弄臟。

Stain the specimen before looking at it under the microscope.

在把標本放在顯微鏡下觀察前，先給標本染色。

?

symbol [?s?mbl] n.?象征；標志

White has always been a symbol of purity in Western cultures.

在西方文化中，白色一直是純潔的象征。

?

system [?s?st?m] n. 系統(tǒng)；體制

形近詞：systematic，systematically

systematic [?s?st??m?t?k] adj. 有系統(tǒng)的；系統(tǒng)化的；?

a systematic approach to solving the problem一個系統(tǒng)的解決問題的辦法

?

systematically [?s?st?'m?t?kl?] adv. 系統(tǒng)地；有條理地

Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects.

句子中的lump除了名詞堆，量，還有動詞把...歸并起來的意思。but rather而是。

翻譯：一些公司使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫并不依賴于系統(tǒng)的收集，而是從不同的調研項目中歸并起來的信息。

?

regime [re???i?m] n. 政權；政體；管理制度；組織方法；養(yǎng)生法

When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere”?politics and “embody”?a spirit of national unity.

句子中的monarch是君主，最高統(tǒng)治者。rise above凌駕于...之上，mere除了僅僅，還有只不過的意思。

翻譯：當公共意見是特別極端化的，就像是追隨Franco政權末期時一樣，統(tǒng)治者可以凌駕于“只不過的”政策之上，并且“體現(xiàn)”民族統(tǒng)一的精神。

這句話是諷刺公共意見的極端化，會導致統(tǒng)治者獨裁，凌駕于司法和美國的“三權分治”之上。

?

organization [???rɡ?n??ze??n] n. 組織；機構；團體

The world healthy organization?世界衛(wèi)生組織

?

structure [?str?kt??r] n. 結構；構造；組織；

changes in the social and economical structure of society

社會的社會結構和經(jīng)濟結構的編號

?

stress [stres]

v. 強調；著重

n. 壓力；強調；重點；著重；重音 ?

It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us.

它就像是人體的免疫系統(tǒng)，在壓力下活著缺乏營養(yǎng)或鍛煉時會弱化，但永遠不會離開我們。

?

Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies.

將句子拆開再組合：representative有代表性的；representative government代議制政府，專業(yè)名詞，因為美國的政府和議會不是一回事。presuppose及物動詞，預設，假設，姑且認為，以...為前提；依...而定。informed這里是形容詞，見多識廣的，有學識的意思，citizenry公民全名的統(tǒng)稱。literacy讀書識字，full literacy全民讀寫。

翻譯：因為代議政府是以全體公民的見多識廣為前提的，這份報告支持全民讀寫；強調了對歷史和政府的學習，尤其是對美國歷史和美國政府的學習，并鼓勵新型電子技術的使用。

?

stressed-out: 因心理緊張而被壓垮的

In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

句子中的ovary是卵巢的意思，reproductive是生殖的，繁殖的意思，female reproductive organ雌性生殖器官自然就是卵巢。

翻譯：在一些研究中，當處于被壓力壓垮狀態(tài)下的雌鼠移除了它們的卵巢（雌性生殖器官）后，它們的化學反應和雄性一樣了。

?

highlight [?ha?la?t] v. 強調；突出

The report highlight the major problems facing society today.

報告強調了社會今天面臨的主要問題。

?

emphasize [?emf?sa?z] v. 強調

She emphasized that their plan would mean sacrifices and hard work.

她強調他們的計劃將意味著犧牲和辛勤工作。

?

strain [stre?n]

v. 過度使用，使不堪承受；使緊張；拉傷；扭傷

n. 壓力；負擔；重負

These repayments are putting a strain on our finances.

償還這些債務對我們的財政有壓力。

to strain a muscle拉傷肌肉