46．The Aswan Dam, for example，stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干是The Aswan Dam, …stopped the Nile flooding…but…有插入語。for example是個(gè)插入結(jié)構(gòu)，不是句子的主要成分。but后面省略了the Aswan Dam。注意so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)，是“如此……以至于”的意思。譯文：以阿斯旺大壩為例，它擋住了尼羅河的洪水，但也使埃及失去了洪水沖積的肥沃土壤，換回來的卻是一個(gè)病態(tài)的大水庫?，F(xiàn)在水庫積滿泥沙，幾乎不能用于發(fā)電了。

47．The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干是The trouble is that…is due to…, and so is not…the trouble is that…是表語從句結(jié)構(gòu)。后一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的是修飾rebound的定語從句。譯文：?jiǎn)栴}在于，近期的增長(zhǎng)在一定程度上，是由于商業(yè)運(yùn)作周期漲落的結(jié)果。因此，還不能得出經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)復(fù)蘇態(tài)勢(shì)這一結(jié)論。

48．New ways of organizing the workplace all that reengineering and downsizing - are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干是New ways of…workplace…are only one contribution to…, which is…, and…兩個(gè)破折號(hào)中間的成分為插入結(jié)構(gòu)，可以視為括號(hào)里面的內(nèi)容。Such as后面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)many other factors的列舉。在閱讀的時(shí)候基本可以跳過不看，除非后面有細(xì)節(jié)題考查這里的內(nèi)容。譯文：組織工作場(chǎng)所的新方法包括機(jī)構(gòu)重組和縮小規(guī)模,這些只是促進(jìn)某個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體的綜合生產(chǎn)率提高的一項(xiàng)措施，還有其他許多因素可以促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率的提高，比如對(duì)機(jī)械設(shè)備的聯(lián)合投資、采用新技術(shù)、對(duì)教育培訓(xùn)投資等。

49．His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies hxdye applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干是His colleague,…, says，that… 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句, chopping out costs without giving sufficient…是現(xiàn)在分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語。without后面要跟動(dòng)名詞giving。譯文：他的同事邁克爾?比爾說，為數(shù)眾多的公司以簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)械的方式進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)重組，降低了成本，但卻未能充分考慮長(zhǎng)期贏利。

50. Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands--which could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：that之后是一個(gè)賓語從句；by之后的動(dòng)名詞來做賓語從句的狀語；賓語從句中which又引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)非限制性定語從句。譯文：利維.斯特勞斯公司使法庭相信特易購(gòu)把利維牛仔服與皂粉，香蕉等放在一起廉價(jià)銷售這一做法使其形象受損，品牌價(jià)值也因此受到了影響，這勢(shì)必會(huì)使產(chǎn)品缺乏新意，最終減少消費(fèi)者的選擇。

51．Minority youths arrested on violent felony charges in California are more than twice as likely as their white counterparts to be transferred out of the juvenile-justice system and tried as adults, according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute, a research center in San Francisco.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是一個(gè)比較長(zhǎng)的簡(jiǎn)單句?！癿ore than twice as likely as their white counterparts”是一種表示倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式；“to be transferred out of the juvenile-justice system and tried as adults”不定式短語來修飾white counterparts; “according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute”做狀語；“a research center in San Francisco”是“the Justice Policy Institute”的同位語。譯文：舊金山的一個(gè)研究中心--刑法政策研究所,上周發(fā)表的研究結(jié)果表明，在加利福尼亞，因?yàn)榉钢刈锉簧倌攴ㄍマD(zhuǎn)出,而以成人的身份被審判逮捕的非白人少年，比白人少年的兩倍還要多。

52．Gaither's death has become a rallying point for gay-rights organizations' and state legislators' pushing a bill that would extend Alabama's three-year-old hate-crimes law beyond race, color, religion and national origin to cover crimes related to sexual orientation as well.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：在for引導(dǎo)的介詞短語中，that引導(dǎo)定語從句來修飾bill; related to sexual orientation as well來修飾crimes.譯文：Gaither的死成為了一種推動(dòng)力，促使那些維護(hù)同性戀權(quán)利的組織以及州立法委員去推行一項(xiàng)議案，使阿拉巴馬已通過三年的仇視罪條文，除了涉及有關(guān)種族、膚色、宗教信仰、出身之外，也應(yīng)該包括有關(guān)性傾向方面的罪行。

53. Chicago officials, along with the League of Cities and 31 states that sided with them in court, might do well to look at one state where anti-gang lingering prosecutions hxdye withstood constitutional challenges: California.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：“along with the League of Cities and 31 states”在句子中做伴隨狀語，其中that又引導(dǎo)定語從句進(jìn)行修飾；主句中where又引導(dǎo)從句來修飾state。譯文：在加利福尼亞州，有關(guān)反幫派閑蕩的起訴已經(jīng)接受了來自憲法的挑戰(zhàn)。芝加哥官員以及在法庭上支持他們的城市聯(lián)盟和31個(gè)州政府，最好還是考慮這個(gè)州的做法為好。

54. Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：Even before the tragedy是本句的時(shí)間狀語；主句是Pfingst had stood behind…;that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句修飾law;在從句中，as…as是一詞組，意思是“和…一樣”；出現(xiàn)的第三個(gè)as是介詞，和treat搭配，意思是“作為”。譯文：在這場(chǎng)悲劇發(fā)生之前，Pfingst就已經(jīng)開始支持加利福尼亞州的一項(xiàng)有爭(zhēng)議的法規(guī)。該法規(guī)規(guī)定，以成人身份受審的謀殺嫌疑犯的年齡，最小可以為十四歲。

55.The doctors said the rules could actually erode privacy, pointing to a provision allowing managed-care plans to use personal information without consent if the purpose was "health-care operations."

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句中pointing to 這個(gè)做伴隨狀語的分詞短語又包含了一個(gè)介詞without引出的方式狀語和由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，使得句子的結(jié)構(gòu)變得較為復(fù)雜。譯文：醫(yī)生認(rèn)為這些法規(guī)實(shí)際上是在破壞隱私權(quán)，因?yàn)槠渲幸粭l法規(guī)規(guī)定，管理式醫(yī)療保健計(jì)劃（managed-care plan）在“開展醫(yī)療保健工作”時(shí),可以不經(jīng)許可使用個(gè)人信息。

56.The 1993 Family and Medical Lexdye Act was supposed to help families like Garro’s, offering a safety net to employees who want to take time off to nurture newborns, tend to their own major illnesses or care for sick relatives.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句的主干是The Act was supposed to help…。be supposed to do something 表示“應(yīng)該做某事”，通常強(qiáng)調(diào)“義務(wù)，責(zé)任”等。Offering 至句子結(jié)尾是一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語，其中含有一個(gè)定語從句，定語從句中含有三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞短語做謂語，即want to…tend to…or care for…。safety net 原義是防止墜落受傷的“安全網(wǎng)”，在此引申為“安全保障”。譯文：1993年頒布的《家庭醫(yī)療休假法》本來應(yīng)該幫助像加羅這樣的家庭，為那些請(qǐng)假照顧新生兒、治療重病或者照顧患病親人的員工，提供一個(gè)安全保障。

57.A vague entity not legally required to disclose how it spent its money, the committee and its chief fund-raiser, Texas oilman (and now Commerce secretary) Don Evans, swiftly collected $8.3 million--more than twice the $3.9 million Al Gore's recount committee raised to pay its lawyers.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是個(gè)包含同位語和附近說明的長(zhǎng)句。a nebulous entity not legally required to disclose how it spent its money 是委員會(huì)的同位語，起到補(bǔ)充說明的作用，而破折號(hào)之后的成分也是對(duì)句子的補(bǔ)充說明。譯文：法律不要求這個(gè)性質(zhì)模糊的機(jī)構(gòu)透露其使用資金的情況。該委員會(huì)和它的主要籌資人，得克薩斯州石油商人（現(xiàn)商務(wù)部長(zhǎng)）唐.伊萬斯很快就籌集了830萬美元來支付律師費(fèi)用，這筆錢是艾爾.戈?duì)栔匦掠?jì)票委員會(huì)所籌集的390萬美元資金的兩倍還多。

58. And there the story might hxdye ended but for the tireless efforts of Johan Reinhard, an independent archaeologist funded by the National Geographic Society.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干the story might hxdye ended there but for …本句中包含有虛擬語氣，由but for 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)虛擬條件，表示“要不是…”；“might hxdye done”表示本來可能會(huì)發(fā)生某事，對(duì)于這一類由介詞或者介詞詞組引起的虛擬條件，學(xué)習(xí)者應(yīng)該特別留心，否則就容易產(chǎn)生理解錯(cuò)誤?？梢砸龑?dǎo)虛擬條件的詞還有without，otherwise等。譯文：要不是約翰萊茵.哈德的不懈努力，故事本來也許到此就結(jié)束了。萊茵哈德是一位由國(guó)家地理協(xié)會(huì)資助的獨(dú)立考古學(xué)家。

59. What is frightening is that these discoveries make it clear how little astronomers know about planets, and they add to the dawning realization that our solar system--and by implication Planet Earth--may be a cosmic oddball.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干本句what is frightening is that …是個(gè)復(fù)雜句，包含主語從句（what frightening），表語從句（is 后面的部分），賓語從句（how little引導(dǎo)的部分），同位語從句（realization后面that引導(dǎo)的部分），插入語等，另外一些成語詞組的出現(xiàn)也增加了句子的難度，比如dawning realization（漸漸認(rèn)識(shí)到），by implication（含蓄地, 用寓意）等。譯文：真正令人震驚的是，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)說明天文學(xué)家對(duì)于行星的了解十分有限，并且讓人們清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到我們的太陽——不言而喻，還有地球這顆行星——也許是宇宙中的異數(shù)。

60. Well, it appears that increased air pollution during those 30 years--over Asia, in particular--with the help, perhaps, of some increased cloudiness, may hxdye exerted a cooling influence on the surface of the planet even as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases were encouraging the atmosphere to warm.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干是it appears that…本句是一個(gè)賓語從句，其中“well”是一個(gè)語氣詞；賓語從句的主語是“increased air pollution”，其中“increased”是形容詞；“over Asia, in particular”的作用是補(bǔ)充說明；“with the help, perhaps, of some increased cloudiness”是介詞短語，用來補(bǔ)充說明主語；may hxdye exerted a cooling influence 是賓語從句的謂語，even as的意思是“正當(dāng)…的時(shí)候；恰在…的時(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，用在本句中有一種對(duì)比的作用。譯文：在過去30年中，全球特別是亞洲不斷加劇的大氣污染，借助數(shù)量有所增加的云度可能對(duì)整個(gè)地球表面起了一種冷卻作用，同時(shí)二氧化碳和其它溫室氣體卻在促使大氣變暖。

61. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干it is not far off that…and it is much the same as..這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，句子主體結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)并列句，在第一個(gè)并列分句里有一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾new members，在第二個(gè)并列分句里有一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾Bulgaria and Romania，還有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾accession talks。譯文：但是和2004年5月1日加入歐盟的十個(gè)新成員國(guó)之一（拉脫維亞）相比，土耳其差得并不算太遠(yuǎn)，但同保加利亞和羅馬尼亞相比則相差無幾。這兩個(gè)國(guó)家本周剛剛完成加入歐盟的談判，并將在2007年1月獲得完全成員地位。

62. Mr Cantalupo was a McDonald's veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干Mr. Canalupo was a McDonald veteran.表語veteran后面有一個(gè)過去分詞短語brought out of retirement做后置定語，這個(gè)定語還帶有自己的兩個(gè)狀語，一個(gè)是不定式短語做目的狀語，另外一個(gè)是after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，這個(gè)從句中還有一個(gè)because of引導(dǎo)的原因狀語。bring sb. out of retirement的意思是“將某人從退休狀態(tài)召回”。譯文：坎塔盧波在麥當(dāng)勞工作過多年，在公司因?yàn)椴蛷d環(huán)境不衛(wèi)生，服務(wù)態(tài)度差，以及人們對(duì)“垃圾食品”的不斷質(zhì)疑導(dǎo)致業(yè)績(jī)下降之后，2003年他被從退休中召回，幫助公司進(jìn)行改革。

63. Even so, everyone at McDonald's must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干everyone must be hoping that…這個(gè)句子中包含一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和由before引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。這個(gè)句子的難點(diǎn)在before這個(gè)詞的理解上。通常before可以譯為“才”。例如：It had been two days before I realized the problem. （過了兩天我才意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題。）譯文：即便如此，相信麥當(dāng)勞上下一定還是希望不要在近期內(nèi)又面臨這類緊急情況。

64. Merck, a pharmaceutical company in trouble over the possible side-effects of its arthritis drug Vioxx, is allowing its directors to run their full term before introducing a system in which they are all re-elected (or otherwise) annually.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干Merck is allowing its directors to run their full term。句子的主語之后又一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的同位語短語，句子中還有一個(gè)before引導(dǎo)的狀語，在這個(gè)狀語中含有一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。before在這種情況下通常譯為“才”。譯文：默克制藥公司因?yàn)樗a(chǎn)的關(guān)節(jié)炎藥物Vioxx,存在潛在副作用而陷入困境?，F(xiàn)在，公司允許其董事任期直到屆滿，然后才會(huì)引入一個(gè)每年將所有人重新選任一遍（或者別的方法）的制度。

65. At the margin, extra demand has come from those who think dollars--indeed any money backed by nothing more than promises to keep inflation low--a decidedly risky investment, mainly because America, with the world's reserve currency, has been able to create and borrow so many of them.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干extra demand has come。from這個(gè)介詞所引導(dǎo)的狀語中包含一個(gè)who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾those，一個(gè)插入語，主句之后是一個(gè)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。nothing more than的意思是“只不過，僅僅”。譯文：在此下跌情況下，導(dǎo)致金價(jià)上揚(yáng)的額外需求來自于那些認(rèn)為美元——或者任何一種依靠抑制通脹的許諾來支撐的貨幣—無疑是一種高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資的人,主要因?yàn)槊绹?guó)擁有美元這一世界儲(chǔ)備貨幣，而且一直能夠制造和借來很多美元。

66. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from "locals"--self-employed traders--is helping to prop up open-outcry, although some reckon that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干pressure …is helping to prop up open-outcry,這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，包含兩個(gè)由although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems做reckon的賓語.prop up的意思是“支持”。譯文：雖然其它絕大多數(shù)交易所正在取消這種公開叫價(jià)的交易方式，在紐約商品交易所這類商品市場(chǎng)里，來自“本地人”---那些自營(yíng)商---的壓力卻起到了支持公開叫價(jià)的作用，盡管一些人估計(jì)客戶為此要支付五倍于使用電子系統(tǒng)的費(fèi)用。

67. In his models, auctions that let buyers and sellers bid at any time like most of today's financial exchanges were less efficient than ones that required relatively more bids from either buyers or sellers.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干是auctions… were less efficient than ones…，句子的主語auctions后面有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句對(duì)它進(jìn)行修飾，句子主體結(jié)構(gòu)中包含了一個(gè)比較級(jí)，在比較的對(duì)象ones后面也有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句對(duì)它進(jìn)行修飾。譯文：在他的模型中，現(xiàn)今大多數(shù)金融交易中采用的讓買賣雙方隨時(shí)競(jìng)價(jià)的拍賣方式，比起那些需要買賣雙方提出更多競(jìng)價(jià)的模型，效率要低下。

68. The size of this cushion has triggered some calls for further liberalization of the complicated foreign-exchange controls that India still maintains, despite the move in 1993 towards rupee convertibility for trade purposes.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干是The size of this cushion has triggered some calls…這一句雖然也包含一個(gè)定語從句，但結(jié)構(gòu)并不算太復(fù)雜，容易造成理解困難的是cushion這個(gè)詞。Cushion原意是“墊子”，這里引申為“緩沖不利后果的東西；保障”。譯文：盡管在1993年印度已允許進(jìn)行以貿(mào)易為目的的盧比兌換，但印度目前的外匯控制非常復(fù)雜?，F(xiàn)在有了這樣的巨額儲(chǔ)備作保障，一些人開始呼吁印度政府進(jìn)一步放開現(xiàn)有外匯控制。

69. The experience of 1991, when India ran out of money, has left the central bank prone to caution--an approach it felt was vindicated by the East Asian crisis of 1997-1998.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干是The experience…h(huán)as left the central bank prone to caution.句中有一個(gè)以when引導(dǎo)的，修飾1991的定語從句和一個(gè)省略了that的，修飾approach的定語從句。譯文：1991年印度用完外匯儲(chǔ)備的經(jīng)歷使中央銀行傾向于謹(jǐn)慎方式 11997-1998年的東亞危機(jī)證實(shí)了這種方式的正確性。

70. Fiat's belated willingness to take tough steps to align capacity with demand is down to the group's new boss, Gabriele Galateri, chosen in June to rescue the firm, which is 30% owned by Agnelli family interests.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干是Fiat belated willingness…is down to the group new boss.主語后面帶有一個(gè)不定式短語作定語，過去分詞chosen所帶的短語作了boss的定語，后面還有一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。句子譯文：菲亞特遲遲不愿采取qy措施使產(chǎn)需一致，直到六月份加布里埃萊?加拉泰雷臨危受命，成為集團(tuán)新任總裁，這種狀況才有所改變。該公司30%的股份由艾格尼爾利家族所擁有。