Hanjijang（韓國造紙/??? 韓紙大師）

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Hanjijang 指的是一位技藝精湛的工匠，擅長用桑樹 (Broussonetia kazinoki) 的樹皮和桑葚糊制作傳統(tǒng)紙張 hanji。 制作韓紙需要高超的技巧和豐富的經(jīng)驗。 桑皮要采收、蒸、煮、曬、去皮、再煮、打、拌、濾、干； 據(jù)說要經(jīng)過99道工序才能把紙拿到手，所以最后一道工序也叫百濟，意思是“一百張紙”。 韓國韓紙在高麗王朝就非常有名，中國人稱其為質(zhì)量最好的紙高麗紙（字面意思是“高麗紙”）。 中國宋代孫穆在《吉林類事》一書中盛贊高麗紙，稱其潔白有光澤，可愛。 朝鮮時代，從太宗時代開始，國家開始監(jiān)管造紙，設(shè)立了稱為造紙廠的辦公室。 然而到了近代，建筑風格和居住環(huán)境的變化以及紙張的輸入，導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)韓紙幾近消失。 今天，由于生產(chǎn)成本高，韓紙是用從東南亞進口的紙漿而不是桑皮制成的。 為了讓韓紙藝術(shù)流傳下去，文化遺產(chǎn)廳將韓紙制作指定為重要非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。

Hanjijang (Korean Paper Making/??? 韓紙匠)

Hanjijang refers to a craftsman skilled in the art of making traditional paper, hanji, from the bark of mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki) trees and mulberry paste. Making hanji requires great skill and extensive experience. The mulberry bark has to be collected, steamed, boiled, dried, peeled, boiled again, beaten, mixed, strained, and dried; 99 processes are said to be required to get the paper in one’s hands, so the final process was also called baekji, meaning “one hundred paper.” Korean hanji was so famous back in the Goryeo Dynasty that the Chinese called the best-quality paper Goryeoji (literally meaning “Goryeo Paper”). Sun Mu from the Song Dynasty of China lavished Goryeo paper with praises in his book Jilin leishi (Things on Korea), saying that it was white and glossy and lovely. In the Joseon Dynasty, from the time of King Taejong, the state began to oversee paper production, establishing the office called Jojiseo (Paper Manufactory). In modern times, however, the change in architectural styles and housing environment and the import of paper have led to the virtual disappearance of traditional hanji. Today, because of high production costs, hanji is made with pulp imported from Southeast Asia rather than mulberry bark. To keep the art of hanji alive and pass it on to the next generation, the Cultural Heritage Administration has designated hanji making an Important Intangible Cultural Heritage.

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美國亞洲文化學(xué)院藝術(shù)中心韓國之友會