正文翻譯

Universities push for ‘vital’ tuition fee rise
-UK students must pay closer to ￡24,000 a year or lose their places to foreigners, argue bosses

大學(xué)推動“至關(guān)重要的”學(xué)費上漲
——大學(xué)老板們認(rèn)為，英國學(xué)生每年必須支付近2.4萬英鎊的學(xué)費，否則招生名額就會被外國人搶走
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(Vice-chancellors have been urged to take on more domestic applicants amid a battle for higher education places after last week’s A-level results)

（在上周的A-level成績公布后，大學(xué)行政校長們被敦促在爭奪高等教育名額的斗爭中招收更多的國內(nèi)申請者）
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University bosses are calling for tuition fees to be raised closer to the ￡24,000 a year average that foreign students pay. They warn the ￡9,250 paid by UK students, which has been frozen for a decade, is forcing them to take on an ever-increasing number of foreign applicants from countries such as China and India.

大學(xué)老板們呼吁將學(xué)費提高到接近外國留學(xué)生平均每年2.4萬英鎊的水平。他們警告稱，英國學(xué)生支付的9250英鎊學(xué)費已被保持10年，這正迫使他們接受越來越多來自中國和印度等國的外國申請者。

A record one in five young undergraduates starting at top universities this autumn are from overseas, according to official figures, up 7 per cent in a year. The number of British undergraduates has declined by 13 per cent. School pupils received their A-level results last week, triggering a battle for higher education places and vice-chancellors have been urged to take on more domestic applicants to ease the pressure.

官方數(shù)據(jù)顯示，今年秋季入學(xué)的頂尖大學(xué)年輕本科生中，有創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的五分之一來自海外，這一比例在一年內(nèi)上升了7%。英國本科生人數(shù)下降了13%。上周，英國學(xué)生收到了他們的A-level成績，引發(fā)了一場爭奪高等教育名額的爭奪戰(zhàn)，政府敦促校長們招收更多的國內(nèi)申請者，以緩解壓力。

However, Sir David Bell, vice-chancellor at the University of Sunderland and a former permanent secretary at the Department for Education, said: “You cannot expect to run universities on a fee level of ￡9,250 a year, which by 2025 will be worth around ￡6,000 in real terms because of inflation. “If you want to keep running universities even at the level we have now, you have to increase the tuition fee at some point.” He said universities were simply making “a rational choice” in supplementing their finances with income from overseas students.

然而，桑德蘭大學(xué)行政校長、教育部前常任秘書大衛(wèi)·貝爾爵士說：“你不能指望以每年9250英鎊的學(xué)費水平運營大學(xué)，由于通貨膨脹，到2025年，這些學(xué)費的實際價值將降至6000英鎊左右。如果你想保持我們現(xiàn)在的辦學(xué)水平，就必須在某個時候提高學(xué)費?！彼硎荆鞔髮W(xué)只是在用留學(xué)生收入補充財務(wù)方面做出了“理性選擇”。
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Bell said he would like to be able to recruit foreign students “as a matter of choice, not simply because there is a financial imperative to do it”, adding: “Universities cannot afford not to take more overseas students.” Professor Colin Riordan, vice-chancellor of Cardiff University, said the government had a “national duty to ensure that it was at least viable for us to teach students from this country”. Professor Sir Chris Husbands, vice-chancellor of Sheffield Hallam University, said: “There are high-tariff universities [which ask for very high A-level grades] pulling back from the UK market because they can charge higher prices in international markets. There is an urgent need to look at UK student funding.”

貝爾表示，他希望能夠招收外國學(xué)生“是一種選擇，而不僅僅是因為經(jīng)濟上的必要”，他補充說：“大學(xué)不能承受不招收更多海外學(xué)生的后果?！笨ǖ戏虼髮W(xué)行政校長科林·里奧丹教授表示，政府“有一項國家責(zé)任，確保我們至少有能力教育來自這個國家的學(xué)生”。謝菲爾德哈勒姆大學(xué)行政校長克里斯·丈夫斯爵士教授說：“有些高價大學(xué)（它們要求非常高的A-level成績）退出了英國市場，因為它們可以在國際市場上收取更高的價格?，F(xiàn)在迫切需要關(guān)注英國的學(xué)生資助?！?/p>

Stephen Marston, vice-chancellor of the University of Gloucester, said he and other vice-chancellors in England wanted to get into talks with government for a “l(fā)ong-term viable funding model for universities”. Until then, he said, “we are likely to see increasing recruitment of overseas students”. The most sextive institutions, including Oxford, Cambridge and Bristol, turned away four out of ten UK candidates who applied to start a degree course this autumn, according to the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (Ucas). This is the highest rejection rate ever recorded.

格洛斯特大學(xué)行政校長斯蒂芬·馬斯頓表示，他和其他英國行政校長希望與政府就“大學(xué)長期可行的資助模式”展開談判。他表示，在那之前，“我們可能會看到越來越多的海外學(xué)生入學(xué)”。英國大學(xué)和學(xué)院招生服務(wù)中心的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，包括牛津、劍橋和布里斯托爾在內(nèi)的最挑剔的院校拒絕了四成申請今年秋季開設(shè)學(xué)位課程的英國本土申請者。這是有史以來最高的拒收率。

Overseas students are being enrolled at a higher rate than British ones at the most elite universities, according to a new analysis of admissions data by the consultancy DataHE. Its founder, Mark Corver, who is the former head of data at Ucas, said there was an “accelerating trend” for a higher share of places at top universities going to students paying higher fees. For students accepted to start at these universities this autumn, the number of those paying ￡9,250 has dropped by 12,000, a fall of 13 per cent on last year, to just under 80,000. The number of those paying higher fees has jumped by 1,400, up 7 per cent, according to an analysis of the latest Ucas data.

咨詢公司DataHE對招生數(shù)據(jù)的一項新分析顯示，在最頂尖的大學(xué)，海外學(xué)生的入學(xué)率高于英國學(xué)生。該網(wǎng)站的創(chuàng)始人、英國大學(xué)招生辦公室前數(shù)據(jù)主管馬克·科爾弗表示，有一種“加速發(fā)展的趨勢”，即支付更高學(xué)費的學(xué)生在頂尖大學(xué)獲得的名額比例越來越高。今年秋季被這些大學(xué)錄取的學(xué)生中，支付9250英鎊入學(xué)費用的人數(shù)減少了1.2萬人，比去年減少了13%，降至略低于8萬人。對英國高等院校招生辦公室最新數(shù)據(jù)的一項分析顯示，支付更高學(xué)費的人數(shù)增加了1400人，增幅為7%。

If tuition fees had kept pace with inflation, they would now be ￡12,000 a year, rather than ￡9,250. Students are graduating with loan debts of ￡50,000 on average. Would-be medical students face a particularly difficult challenge to secure a place as the government has capped the number it helps to fund at 7,500, with strict quotas for each medical school. They can recruit up to 7.5 per cent of their intake from overseas students, who can be charged up to ￡45,000 a year. About 85 per cent of British students who applied to medical school were rejected, despite the shortage of GPs and hospital doctors.

如果學(xué)費與通貨膨脹保持同步，現(xiàn)在的學(xué)費應(yīng)該是每年1.2萬英鎊，而不是9250英鎊。學(xué)生畢業(yè)時平均背負(fù)著5萬英鎊的貸款債務(wù)。想要申請醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生面臨著一個特別困難的挑戰(zhàn)，因為政府將其資助的人數(shù)限制在7500人，每個醫(yī)學(xué)院都有嚴(yán)格的配額。它們最多可以從海外學(xué)生中招收7.5%的學(xué)生，而海外學(xué)生每年的學(xué)費最高可達(dá)4.5萬英鎊。盡管缺乏全科醫(yī)生和醫(yī)院醫(yī)生，但申請醫(yī)學(xué)院的英國本土學(xué)生中仍有約85%被拒絕。

Professor Karol Sikora, who set up the University of Buckingham medical school, called for fees between UK and overseas students to be “equalised”. He said the UK fee should rise to between ￡12,000 and ￡13,000. “It is heartbreaking that we are having to turn away bright British students with straight As who want to be doctors. We have a moral obligation to train more British doctors. We should be self-sufficient in the NHS,” he said. Last week James Cleverly, the education secretary, defended the government’s refusal to lift the cap. Jeremy Hunt, the former health secretary, said the decision “beggars belief.

白金漢大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的創(chuàng)始人卡羅爾·西科拉教授呼吁，英國學(xué)生和海外學(xué)生之間的學(xué)費應(yīng)該“平等”。他表示，英國的學(xué)費應(yīng)該升至1.2萬英鎊至1.3萬英鎊之間。“我們不得不拒絕那些想當(dāng)醫(yī)生、成績?nèi)獳的聰明的英國本土學(xué)生，這令人心碎。我們有培養(yǎng)更多英國醫(yī)生的道德義務(wù)。國家醫(yī)療體系應(yīng)該自給自足，”他說。上周，教育大臣詹姆斯·克萊弗利為政府拒絕取消上限辯護(hù)。前衛(wèi)生大臣杰里米·亨特表示，這一決定“令人難以置信”。

A Department for Education spokesman said: “The student finance system must be fair for students, universities and the taxpayer, and it is right that we have frozen tuition fees to reduce the burden of debt on graduates. To support universities, we’re providing ￡750 million extra funding over the next three years. “It is a myth that offering a place to an international student takes a place away from a student in the UK. They actually support the creation of more places for domestic students.”

教育部發(fā)言人說：“學(xué)生財政系統(tǒng)必須對學(xué)生、大學(xué)和納稅人公平，我們凍結(jié)學(xué)費以減輕畢業(yè)生的債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)是正確的。為了支持大學(xué)，我們將在未來三年提供7.5億英鎊的額外資金。給國際學(xué)生提供一個名額就會讓英國學(xué)生失去一個名額——這是一個誤區(qū)。他們實際上支持為國內(nèi)學(xué)生創(chuàng)造了更多的學(xué)校名額?！?br>