《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》雙語:人造肉公司研發(fā)出了猛犸象漢堡?
原文標(biāo)題:
Applied biology
The Fred Flintstone diet
A Belgian company wants to create woolly-mammoth burgers
應(yīng)用生物學(xué)
弗萊德·摩登原始人飲食
一家比利時公司想要制造長毛猛犸象漢堡
DNA from extinct species is inspiring other business plans, too
滅絕物種的 DNA 也在激發(fā)其他商業(yè)計劃
[Paragraph 1]
JUST A STRAND of Elvis’s hair would do. Pluck out his DNA and it could be copied millions of times using a technique called the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
只要貓王的一縷頭發(fā)就夠了。取出他的 DNA,可以使用聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng) (PCR) 技術(shù)將其復(fù)制數(shù)百萬次。
That
was the business plan pitched in the 1990s by Kary Mullis, an American
biologist. Mullis had helped develop PCR in the 1980s; in 1993 he shared
a Nobel prize.
這是美國生物學(xué)家卡里·穆利斯在1990年代提出的商業(yè)計劃。穆利斯在1980年代發(fā)明了 PCR;1993年他獲得了諾貝爾獎。
“StarGene”, as his company was known, hoped to make money by selling jewellery stuffed with celebrity DNA.
他的公司“StarGene”希望通過賣綴有名人DNA的珠寶來盈利。

[Paragraph 2]
The idea never quite worked out. But that has not stopped a slew of newer firms also hoping to mine gold from dead individuals—or even entire species.
這個想法從未完全實現(xiàn)。但是這并沒有阻止一大批新興公司希望從已消亡的個體甚至整個滅絕物種中挖金礦的步伐。
Paleo, for instance, is a Belgian startup that creates synthetic proteins for the artificial-meat business.
例如,Paleo 是一家比利時初創(chuàng)企業(yè),致力于用合成蛋白質(zhì)來生產(chǎn)人造肉。
Driven
in part by a “childhood fascination with prehistory”, Hermes Sanctorum,
the company’s CEO, is keen to expand the business into making
woolly-mammoth burgers.
該公司首席執(zhí)行官赫爾墨斯.??送恤斈肥堋巴陼r期對史前史的癡迷”驅(qū)動,他希望將其業(yè)務(wù)擴展到生產(chǎn)毛猛犸象漢堡上。
[Paragraph 3]
Working
with the Centre for Palaeogenetics in Sweden, the firm has obtained
fragments of DNA from mammoth teeth found in the Siberian permafrost that are up to 1.2m years old.
該公司與瑞典古遺傳學(xué)中心合作,獲得了西伯利亞永久凍土中的猛犸象牙齒(距今約120萬年)中提取的DNA片段。
These
fragments were combined with DNA from Asian and African elephants, the
mammoth’s nearest living relatives, to reconstruct what the firm hopes
is the mammoth version of the gene that encodes myoglobin, a protein that helps give meat its rich taste and vibrant red colour.
這些片段與亞洲和非洲大象(猛犸象的近親)的DNA相結(jié)合,以重建該公司希望得到的編碼肌紅蛋白的猛犸象基因版本,肌紅蛋白是一種幫助肉類具有濃郁口感和鮮艷紅色的蛋白質(zhì)。
[Paragraph 4]
That gene was inserted into the DNA of yeast, which duly began turning out mammoth myoglobin.
將猛犸象基因插入酵母菌的 DNA 中,酵母菌開始產(chǎn)生猛犸象肌紅蛋白。
The
protein was mixed with binders such as potato starch, oil, salt and
other flavours so that it resembled the taste and texture of a burger.
這種蛋白質(zhì)與馬鈴薯淀粉、油、鹽和其他調(diào)味料混合,使其味道和質(zhì)地類似于漢堡。
Paleo’s
patent claims the myoglobin causes a range of chemical reactions
between other ingredients in the burger, producing flavours that are
obtainable in no other way.
Paleo 的專利稱,肌紅蛋白會與漢堡中的其他成分發(fā)生一系列化學(xué)反應(yīng),產(chǎn)生獨一無二的口感。
Mr Sanctorum, for his part, says mammoth burgers taste “more intense” than beef.
??送恤斈氛J(rèn)為猛犸漢堡的味道比牛肉“更濃烈”。
The
firm raised €12m ($13.1m) in its first funding round in February, and
hints its mammoth meat will be publicly available soon.
該公司在 2 月份的首輪融資中籌集了 1200 萬歐元(1310 萬美元),并暗示猛犸象肉將很快上市。
Several vegan-burger makers and an ice-age theme park are reportedly interested.
據(jù)報道,幾家純素漢堡制造商和一家冰河時代主題公園對此感興趣。
[Paragraph 5]
Paleo is not the only company exploring mammoth meat.
Paleo并不是唯一一家研究猛犸象肉的公司。
Vow,
an Australian company, says it has made a volleyball-sized lump of the
stuff by injecting engineered mammoth myoglobin into lab-grown stem
cells derived from sheep.
澳大利亞公司 Vow稱,他們通過將經(jīng)過改良的猛犸象肌紅蛋白注入從綿羊身上培養(yǎng)出的干細(xì)胞中,制作出了一個排球大小的肉塊。
Geltor, a startup that has raised more than $100m, opted for a different extinct, elephantine species.
Geltor 是一家籌集了1億多美元資金的初創(chuàng)公司,它選擇了另一種已滅絕的大象物種。
It took sequenced mastodon DNA and used it to produce collagen, a protein found in skin and tendons. The stuff was eventually turned into gelatine for gummy sweets.
該公司對乳齒象 DNA 進行了測序,并用它來生產(chǎn)膠原蛋白,一種存在于皮膚和肌腱中的蛋白質(zhì)。這些物質(zhì)最終被轉(zhuǎn)化為膠質(zhì)糖果的明膠。
[Paragraph 6]
And it is not just extinct animals that companies think might prove valuable.
而且,公司們認(rèn)為商業(yè)價值不僅僅在滅絕動物身上,還在其他方面。
Haeckels, a British cosmetics firm, is attempting to engineer scents from extinct flowers for use in perfumes.
英國化妝品公司 Haeckels 正嘗試從已滅絕的花卉中提取香氣,用于制造香水。
Geltor has also produced human collagen for use in the cosmetics business.
Geltor 還生產(chǎn)了用于化妝品行業(yè)的人類膠原蛋白。
Perhaps engineering some from a celebrity’s DNA would be a hit?
也許通過從名人身上提取DNA進行研發(fā),可以創(chuàng)造出一些熱門產(chǎn)品?
(恭喜讀完,本篇英語詞匯量508左右)
原文出自:2023年7月8日《The Economist》Science & technology版塊
精讀筆記來源于:自由英語之路
本文翻譯整理: Irene
本文編輯校對: Irene
僅供個人英語學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補充資料】(來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò))
弗萊德Fred是美國動畫系列片《摩登原始人》(The
Flintstones)中的虛構(gòu)動畫角色。這是一部以原始人類為背景的喜劇動畫片,于1960年至1966年間在美國ABC電視臺播出。弗萊德是該系列的主角之一,他是一位身材魁梧、力大無窮的石器時代居民,住在小鎮(zhèn)上。故事中描述了他的工作、家庭生活和與他的鄰居、朋友們的互動。
長毛猛犸象(woolly mammoth)是一種已經(jīng)滅絕的大象物種。它生活在上個冰河時代,大約距今約4000至400萬年。猛犸象與現(xiàn)代的非洲象相似,但它們有非常長、蓬松的毛發(fā)和彎曲的象牙。它們的毛發(fā)可以達(dá)到1.5米長,用于保護它們在寒冷的環(huán)境中保持溫暖。毛象身體龐大,體重可達(dá)到6噸,肩高約3.4米。猛犸象主要生活在北半球的寒冷地區(qū),如北美洲、歐洲和亞洲的高緯度地區(qū)。它們以草、灌木和樹木為食,通常在大片的草原和森林中覓食。具有強大的嗅覺和聽覺,以及長而彎曲的象牙,可以用來保護自己、挖掘食物和與其他毛象進行競爭。盡管猛犸象已經(jīng)滅絕,但科學(xué)家們通過在冰凍土壤中發(fā)現(xiàn)的遺骸,可以對它們的生活和特征進行研究。
聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(Polymerase Chain Reaction,簡稱PCR)是一種在實驗室中用來擴增(復(fù)制)DNA片段的技術(shù)。PCR技術(shù)的發(fā)明者是美國科學(xué)家卡里·穆利斯(Kary
Mullis),他于1983年首次提出了PCR的概念,并于1993年獲得了諾貝爾化學(xué)獎。PCR技術(shù)通過反復(fù)循環(huán)的溫度變化,使DNA的兩個鏈分離,并利用DNA聚合酶酶(polymerase)的功能,將DNA鏈上的堿基逐漸延伸,從而擴增出目標(biāo)DNA片段。PCR通常分為三個步驟:變性、退火和延伸。在變性步驟中,DNA被加熱使其兩個鏈分離。在退火步驟中,溫度降低,引物(primers)與目標(biāo)DNA片段的兩端結(jié)合。在延伸步驟中,溫度升高,DNA聚合酶在引物的幫助下沿著目標(biāo)DNA片段合成新的DNA鏈。
【重點句子】(3個)
The
idea never quite worked out. But that has not stopped a slew of newer
firms also hoping to mine gold from dead individuals—or even entire
species.
這個想法從未完全實現(xiàn)。但是這并沒有阻止一大批新興公司希望從已消亡的個體甚至整個滅絕物種中挖金礦的步伐。
The
protein was mixed with binders such as potato starch, oil, salt and
other flavours so that it resembled the taste and texture of a burger.
這種蛋白質(zhì)與馬鈴薯淀粉、油、鹽和其他調(diào)味料混合,使其味道和質(zhì)地類似于漢堡。
And it is not just extinct animals that companies think might prove valuable.
而且,公司們認(rèn)為商業(yè)價值不僅僅在滅絕動物身上,還在其他方面。
