★★★PART 2 OF COMMONWEALTH★★★

====CHAPTER XVII ：OF THE CAUSES, GENERATION, AND DEFINITION OF A COMMONWEALTH

in small numbers, small additions on the one side or the other,?

make the advantage of strength so great, as is sufficient to carry?

the victory; and therefore gives encouragement to an invasion.?

men are continually in competition for honour and?

dignity, which bees are not; and consequently amongst?

men there ariseth on that ground, envy and hatred, and finally war;?

but amongst these not so.?

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Amongst these creatures, the common good differeth not from the private;?

and being by nature inclined to their private, they procure thereby?

the common公有的 benefit. But man, whose joy consisteth in comparing himself?

with other men, can relish nothing but what is eminent明顯的/杰出的.?

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These creatures, having not (as man) the use of?

reason, do not see, nor think they see any fault, in the administration?

of their common business:whereas amongst men, there are very?

many, that think themselves wiser, and abler to govern the public,?

better than the rest; and these strive to reform and innovate, one this?

way, another that way; and thereby bring it into distraction and civil war.?

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these creatures, though they have some use of?

voice, in making known to one another their desires, and other?

affections感情; yet they want that art of ★words, by which some men can?

represent to others, that which is good, in the likeness of evil; and?

evil, in the likeness of good; and augment擴大, or diminish減少 the apparent?

greatness of good and evil; discontenting不滿的 men, and troubling their?

peace at their pleasure.

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irrational creatures cannot distinguish between injury,?

and damage; and therefore as long as they be at ease, they are?

not offended with their fellows: whereas man is then most troublesome引起麻煩的,?

when he is most at ease安逸: for then it is that he loves to shew展覽 his?

wisdom, and control the actions of them that govern the commonwealth.?

(吃飽了撐的的意思？)

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Lastly, the agreement of these creatures is natural; that of?

men, is by covenant契約 only, which is artificial: and therefore it is no?

wonder if there be somewhat有點 else required (besides covenant) to?

make their agreement constant and lasting; which is a common?

power, to keep them in awe, and to direct their actions to the?

common benefit.?

The only way to erect建立 such a common power, as may be able?

to defend them from the invasion of foreigners, and the injuries of?

one another, and thereby to secure them in such sort, as that by their?

own industry, and by the fruits成果 of the earth, they may nourish?

themselves and live contentedly滿足地;

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is, to confer給予 all their power and strength upon one man, or upon?

one assembly集會 of men, that may reduce all their wills, by?

plurality多數(shù)/多元 of voices, unto one will: to appoint one man,

or assembly of men, to bear their person;

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This is more than consent贊成, or concord和睦; it is a real unity of them all,?

in one and the same person, made by covenant契約 of every man with every man,?

in such manner, as if every man should say to every man, ★(I authorize?

and give up my right of governing myself, to this man, or to this?

assembly of men, on this condition, that thou give up thy right to?

him, and authorize all his actions in like manner.)★?

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★★★

This done, the multitude so united in one?

person, is called a COMMONWEALTH.

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This is the generation of that great LEVIATHAN, or rather of that Mortal?

God, to which we owe under the ★Immortal永生的 God, our peace and defence.?

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which (to define it,) is one person, of whose acts a great multitude, by?

mutual covenants契約 one with another, have made themselves every one the?

author, to the end he may use the strength and means of them all, as

he shall think expedient權(quán)宜之計的(應(yīng)急), for their peace and common defence.?