大學英語常見錯誤2-2&2-3
名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)的誤用
【誤】The aircrafts were damaged.
【正】The aircraft were damaged.
這些飛機損壞了。
aircraft單復(fù)數(shù)同型。
【誤】Can you tell me some informations?
【正】Can you tell me some information?
你能告訴我一些信息嗎?
物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般都是不可數(shù)的。抽象名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。
【誤】They have all the necessary equipments for the expedition.
【正】They have all the necessary equipment for the expedition.
他們已有了探險所需的各種設(shè)備。
equipment是個集體名詞,無復(fù)數(shù)形式,指完成某項任務(wù)所需要的設(shè)備,如:
army equipment軍隊設(shè)備
the equipment of the laboratory實驗設(shè)備
一般集體名詞作主語時,謂語用單數(shù),如:
baggage行李,weaponry武器
equipment設(shè)備,machinery機械
furniture家具
有些集體名詞作主語時,如果把集體名詞看成一個整體,謂語動詞就用單數(shù)形式;如果強調(diào)群體中的各個成員,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。
The committee meets at two today.
委員會今天2點開會。(整體)
The committee happly gather under the same roof.
委員會委員們歡聚一堂。(個體)
【誤】Our hotel has ten mans servants and twenty woman servants.
【正】Our hotel has ten men-servants and twenty women-servants.
我們旅館有十名男服務(wù)員和二十名女服務(wù)員。
復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般將第二個組成詞變成復(fù)數(shù),即使復(fù)合名詞是由兩個分開的詞構(gòu)成也是如此。但是,如果復(fù)合名詞的第一組成詞是man或woman,前后兩個此都要變成復(fù)數(shù),如:men-doctors,women-drivers,men-soldiers,women-singers。
固定詞組中的名詞錯誤
主要是動詞詞組、名詞詞組、介詞詞組中名詞的誤用。這些詞組屬于固定搭配,不能用同義詞或者近義詞替代。
如:on the contrary(正相反)和by/in contrast(對比之下)。contrary和contrast不能互換。
【誤】I believe you like your job; on the contrast, I find it rather dull.
【正】I believe you like your job; on the contrary, I find it rather dull.
我相信你喜歡你的工作,相反,我覺得它頗為枯燥。
on the contrast表示轉(zhuǎn)折,是固定詞組。by contrast表示對照關(guān)系,也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折。如:
Cloudy days tend to make us gloomy; sunny days, by contrast, make us cheerful.
烏云密布的天氣令人沮喪,相比之下,陽光明媚的日子讓人快樂。
【誤】You ought to be home by 12 o'clock. Keep that in head.
【正】You ought to be home by 12 o'clock. Keep that in mind.
你應(yīng)該12點鐘前回家。請記住。
keep in mind是固定詞組,表示“記住”。keep/bear something in mind中的mind不能用head替代。