第三章?????? 意義的沒(méi)落

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深度看似消失并不表明人生膚淺，因?yàn)槟惚仨毾扔猩疃炔拍芤r托出膚淺。

The fact that they seem to have vanished does not mean that life is superficial, since you can only have surfaces if you have depths to contrast with them.

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不依靠那些意義的保證而生活，這才是自由的生活。你可以說(shuō)，過(guò)去確曾有過(guò)一些宏大敘事（例如馬克思主義），它們回應(yīng)了某些真實(shí)的東西，但現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)完全擺脫了；或者你可以堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，這些敘事話語(yǔ)從一開(kāi)始便是妄想，也就無(wú)所謂失不失去。要么這個(gè)世界不再由故事來(lái)塑造，要么這個(gè)世界從未被故事塑造過(guò)。

To live without the need for such guarantees is to be free. You can argue that there were indeed once grand narratives (Marxism, for example) which corresponded to something real, but that we are well rid of them; or you can insist that these narratives were nothing but a chimera all along, so that there was never anything to be lost. Either the world is no longer story-shaped, or it never was in the first place.

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對(duì)于那些相信上帝的人，或相信宇宙背后的其他智能力量的人來(lái)說(shuō)，人生之所以具有內(nèi)在的意義和目的，乃是因?yàn)樗陨肀闶且患斯ぶ破贰?/p>

For those who believe in God, or some other intelligent force behind the universe, life has built-in meanings and purposes because it is itself an artefact.

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在黑格爾看來(lái)，歷史理性只有通過(guò)個(gè)人真正自由地行動(dòng)才能在歷史進(jìn)程中實(shí)現(xiàn)；實(shí)際上，個(gè)人越自由，歷史理性就越真實(shí)。所有這些宏大敘事都消解了自由與必然性之間的區(qū)別，也即鑄造自己的意義和愿意接受預(yù)先置入世界的意義之間的區(qū)別。

For Hegel, Reason realizes itself in history only through the genuinely free actions of individuals; indeed, it is at its most real when they are at their most free. All of these grand narratives dismantle the distinction between freedom and necessity – between forging your own meanings and being receptive to one already installed in the world.

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因?yàn)?，無(wú)論身處何方，我們都已經(jīng)深陷于意義之中。我們被編織進(jìn)他人的意義網(wǎng)絡(luò)——我們不曾選擇過(guò)那些意義，但它們卻提供了一個(gè)母體，我們可以在其中理解自我與世界。在這個(gè)意義上，即使不是在所有意義上，“我們能決定自己的人生意義”這種觀念乃是一種錯(cuò)覺(jué)。

For we are already plunged deep in the midst of meaning, wherever it is we happen to find? ourselves. We are woven through by the meanings of others – meanings which we never got to choose, yet which provide the matrix within which we come to make sense of ourselves and the world. In this sense, if not in every sense, the idea that I can determine the meaning of my own life is an illusion.

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