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先看題：

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to discuss which of the following?

Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

2. According to the passage, solar-energy systems located on Earth must store energy for which of the following reasons?

Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

3. The author suggests that which of the following constitutes a potential disadvantage of using latent heat for energy storage?

文章講解：

①Constant variations in the amount of sunlight available on Earth at any given location make energy storage a necessary design feature of terrestrial solar-energy systems.?②For systems transforming solar to thermal energy, the thermal energy may be stored in matter as either latent heat or sensible heat.③ Latent heat is absorbed or released whenever matter changes phase, as when matter changes from liquid to gas, for example, or from gas to liquid. ④Large heat capacities are associated with certain materials, like salts, but in any substance this storage is available only at the unique fixed temperature at which the particular phase transition occurs in that substance.?⑤Moreover, materials that have transitions at the temperatures that terrestrial solar-energy systems are likely to encounter are usually destructively corrosive at those temperatures. ⑥The storage of sensible heat, on the other hand, allows flexibility as to temperature; in addition, safe substances like water and most rocks have large sensible heat capacities.

①

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②

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③? ? ??? ? ⑥

↓ aw-

④ + ⑤?

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①Constant variations in the amount of sunlight available on Earth at any given location make energy storage a necessary design feature of terrestrial solar-energy systems.?②For systems transforming solar to thermal energy, the thermal energy may be stored in matter as either latent heat or sensible heat. ③?Latent heat is absorbed or released whenever matter changes phase, as when matter changes from liquid to gas, for example, or from gas to liquid. ④Large heat capacities are associated with certain materials, like salts, but in any substance this storage is available only at the unique fixed temperature at which the?particular phase transition occurs in that substance.?⑤Moreover, materials that have transitions at the temperatures that terrestrial solar-energy systems?are likely to encounter are usually destructively corrosive at those temperatures. ⑥The storage of sensible heat,?on the other hand, allows flexibility as to temperature; in addition, safe substances like water and most rocks have large sensible heat capacities.

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to discuss which of the following?

B

A. Reasons?for the necessity for developing solar-energy systems 沒有證據(jù)

B. Different ways of storing solar energy as heat 符合

C. New designs?for devices that collect solar energy 沒有證據(jù)

D. Procedures?for transferring thermal energy between materials 沒有證據(jù)

E. Differences between capacities of solids and liquids to store sensible heat. 無關，細節(jié)證據(jù)與主旨無關

?

Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

2. According to the passage, solar-energy systems located on Earth must store energy for which of the following reasons?

A

A. At any given location on Earth, the amount of sunlight available frequently changes. 符合

B. The operation of such systems depends on devices that require a power source?other than solar energy 沒有證據(jù)

C. Demand?for the energy produced by such systems varies in unpredictable ways 沒有證據(jù)

?

Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

3. The author suggests that which of the following constitutes a potential disadvantage of using latent heat for energy storage?

AC

A. The circumstances under which phase transitions occur would limit the versatility of latent heat as a storage method. 符合but in any substance this storage…

B. The supply of substances that possess the properties that are needed in a medium for latent heat storage is dwindling. 沒有證據(jù)

C. The properties that are needed in a medium for latent heat storage are found in substances that have other undesirable properties. 符合Moreover, materials that have transitions…

背景拓展：

潛熱，相變潛熱的簡稱，指物質(zhì)在等溫等壓情況下，從一個相變化到另一個相吸收或放出的熱量。這是物體在固、液、氣三相之間以及不同的固相之間相互轉(zhuǎn)變時具有的特點之一。固、液之間的潛熱稱為熔解熱（或凝固熱），液、氣之間的稱為汽化熱（或凝結(jié)熱），而固、氣之間的稱為升華熱（或凝華熱）。

感熱是指當此熱量加入或移去后，會導致物質(zhì)溫度的變化，而不發(fā)生相變。物質(zhì)的摩爾量、摩爾熱容和溫差三者的乘積為顯熱。即物體不發(fā)生化學變化或相變化時，溫度升高或降低所需要的熱稱為顯熱。它能使人們有明顯的冷熱變化感覺，通常可用溫度計測量出來。