Simon雅思寫作-小作文

（01）課程目標(biāo)

寫作任務(wù)

描述一個(gè)圖像，并就此寫一份報(bào)告

注意：不要發(fā)表意見，不要有結(jié)論！??！只進(jìn)行描述即可

題目類型

第一類：

1.折線圖

2.柱狀圖

3.餅圖

4.表格

以上四種類型的題目十分相似，都是描述圖表中數(shù)據(jù)所展示的東西

第二類：

1.比較圖

2.路程圖

文章結(jié)構(gòu)

小作文文章結(jié)構(gòu)主要為四段式：

第一段：導(dǎo)言段

只需要寫一句話，改寫題目陳述即可

第二段：概述段（也可以放在最后一段）

需要寫兩句話即可，用來(lái)解釋或描述圖表的主要內(nèi)容

第三、四段：細(xì)節(jié)段

這兩個(gè)段落是文章的核心，主要包括數(shù)據(jù)描述、數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比、數(shù)據(jù)變動(dòng)趨勢(shì)等

（02）折線圖

折線圖展示了數(shù)據(jù)在一段時(shí)間的變化，雅思寫作的折線圖一般有2-5條線

寫作思路：首先做一個(gè)非?；\統(tǒng)的比較，然后比較特定點(diǎn)處的線

案例分析：

The graph below shows electricity production (in terawatt hours) in France Between 1980 and 2012.

The line graph compares the?amount of electricity produced?in France using four different?sources of?power over a period of 32 years.

It is clear that nuclear power was?by far the most important?means of electricity generation?over the period shown. Renewables provided the lowest amount of electricity in each year.

In 1980, thermal power stations were the main source of electricity in France, generating around 120 terawatt hours of power. Nuclear and hydroelectric power stations produced just under 75 terawatt hours of electricity each, and renewables provided?a negligible amount. Just one year later,?nuclear power overtook thermal power?as the primary source of electricity.

Between 1980 and 2005, electricity production from nuclear power?rose dramatically to a peak of?430 terawatt hours.?By contrast,?the figure for?thermal power fell to only 50 terawatt hours in 1985, and?remained at this level?for the rest of the period. Hydroelectric power generation?remained relatively stable, at Between 50 and 80 terawatt hours, for the whole 32-year period, but renewable electricity production?saw only a small rise?to approximately 25 terawatt hours by 2012.

重點(diǎn)提示：

1.在引言中劃出改寫的內(nèi)容，并將其與問(wèn)題進(jìn)行比較

2.再看一遍概述段中選擇的2個(gè)要點(diǎn)(第2段)

3.在第3和第4段中提到的數(shù)字和年份下面劃線，數(shù)數(shù)報(bào)告中提到了多少數(shù)字

4.在報(bào)告中劃出比較類的語(yǔ)句

5.每個(gè)段落要寫多少句話

（03）柱狀圖

柱狀圖展示了數(shù)據(jù)在一段時(shí)間的變化，可以將柱狀圖轉(zhuǎn)化為折線圖形式

寫作思路：首先做一個(gè)非?；\統(tǒng)的比較，然后比較具體的數(shù)據(jù)

案例分析：

The chart below shows global sales of the top five mobile phone brands between 2009 and 2013.

The bar chart compares the number of mobile phones?sold worldwide?by the five?most popular?manufacturers?in the years 2009, 2011 and 2013.

It is clear that Nokia sold the most mobile phones between 2009 and 2011, but Samsung became the?best selling brand?in 2013. Samsung and apple?saw the biggest rises?in sales over the 5-year period.

In 2009, Nokia sold?close to?450 million?mobile phones, which was?almost?double the number?of?handsets?sold by the?second most successful manufacturer, Samsung. Over the following four years, however, Nokia’s?sales figures?fell by?approximately?200 million?units, whereas Samsung saw sales?rise by a similar amount. By 2013, Samsung had become the?market leader?with sales reaching 450 million units.

The other three?top selling?mobile phone?brands?between 2009 and 2013 were LG, ZTE and apple. In 2009, these?companies?sold?around?125 million, 50 million and 25 million mobile handsets?respectively, but apple?overtook the other two?vendors?in 2011. In 2013,?purchases?of apple handsets reached 150 million units, while LG?saw declining sales?and the figures for ZTE rose only slightly.

重點(diǎn)提示：

1.在引言中劃出改寫的內(nèi)容，并將其與問(wèn)題進(jìn)行比較

2.再看一遍概述段中選擇的2個(gè)要點(diǎn)(第2段)

3.在第3和第4段中提到的數(shù)字和年份下面劃線，數(shù)數(shù)報(bào)告中提到了多少數(shù)字

4.在報(bào)告中劃出比較類以及變化類的語(yǔ)句

5.每個(gè)段落要寫多少句話

（04）餅圖

餅圖展示的是百分比數(shù)據(jù)

寫作思路：首先做一個(gè)非常籠統(tǒng)的比較，然后比較具體的數(shù)據(jù)

案例分析：

The charts below show household spending patterns in two countries between 1980 and 2008.

The pie charts compare five categories of household?expenditure?in the UK and New Zealand in the years 1980 and 2008.

It is noticeable that the?proportion of spending?on food and drink fell in both countries over the 28- year period, while spending on utility bills?rose. Also, UK residents?spent a significantly larger?percentage of their household budgets?on leisure?than their New Zealand counterparts.

In 1980,?29% of an average New Zealand household budget went on?food and drink,?while?the equivalent figure for a UK home?was 23%.?By 2008,?expenditure?on food and drink?had fallen?by 4% in New Zealand, and by a full 10% in the UK.?By contrast, both countries?saw an increase in?expenditure on utility bills for the average home, from 27% to 31% in New Zealand and from 26% to 28% in the UK.

Leisure activities accounted for the highest proportion?of UK household spending in both years, but only the third highest proportion in New Zealand. In fact, in 2008, New Zealanders?spent only half as much in relative terms?on recreation (17%) as UK residents (34%). In both countries, transport costs and other costs took roughly 15% and 10% of household budgets respectively.

重點(diǎn)提示：

1.在引言中劃出改寫的內(nèi)容，并將其與問(wèn)題進(jìn)行比較

2.再看一遍概述段中選擇的2個(gè)要點(diǎn)(第2段)

3.在第3和第4段中提到的數(shù)字和年份下面劃線，數(shù)數(shù)報(bào)告中提到了多少數(shù)字

4.在報(bào)告中劃出比較類以及變化類的語(yǔ)句

5.每個(gè)段落要寫多少句話

（05）表格題

表格可以展示任何形式的數(shù)據(jù)，解題方法與折線圖、柱狀圖、餅圖相似

表格還可以展示數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比以及數(shù)據(jù)的變化等很多信息

寫作思路：首先做一個(gè)非?；\統(tǒng)的比較，然后比較具體的數(shù)據(jù)

案例分析：

The table below shows statistics about the top five countries for international tourism in 2012 and 2013.

The table compares the?five highest ranking countries?in terms of the numbers of visits and the money spent by tourists over a period of two years.

It is clear that France was?the world’s most popular tourist destination?in the years 2012 and 2013. However, the USA?earned by far the most?revenue from tourism?over the same period.

In 2012, 83 million tourists visited France, and the USA was?the second most visited country, with?66.7 million tourists. Spain and China each?received just under 58 million visitors, while Italy was?ranked fifth?with 46.4 million tourists.?2013 saw a rise of?between 1 and 4 million tourist visits to each country, with the exception of China, which received 2 million?fewer visitors than in the previous year.

Spending by tourists visiting the USA increased from $126.2 billion in 2012 to $139.6 billion in 2013, and?these figures were well over twice as high as?those for any other country. Spain received the second highest?amounts of tourist revenue, rising from $56.3 billion to $60.4 billion, followed by France, China and Italy. Interestingly,?despite falling numbers?of tourists, Chinese revenue from tourism rose by $1.7 billion in 2013.

重點(diǎn)提示：

1.在引言中劃出改寫的內(nèi)容，并將其與問(wèn)題進(jìn)行比較

2.再看一遍概述段中選擇的2個(gè)要點(diǎn)(第2段)

3.在第3和第4段中提到的數(shù)字和年份下面劃線，數(shù)數(shù)報(bào)告中提到了多少數(shù)字

4.在報(bào)告中劃出比較類以及變化類的語(yǔ)句

5.每個(gè)段落要寫多少句話

（06）兩種不同的圖

兩種不同的圖是指在同一題目中出現(xiàn)了兩張不同類型的圖表

不需要把兩張圖放在一起比較，分別描述它們即可

寫作思路：首先給每張圖做一個(gè)非常籠統(tǒng)的比較，然后分別描述具體的數(shù)據(jù)

案例分析：

The bar chart below shows the numbers of men and women attending various evening courses at an adult education centre in the year 2009. The pie chart gives information about the ages of these course participants.

The bar chart compares the numbers of?males and females?who took?four different evening classes in 2009, and the pie chart shows the age profile of these?attendees.

It is clear that?significantly more?women than men attended evening classes at the education centre. We can also see that evening courses were much more popular among older adults.

According to the bar chart, drama, painting and language?courses all attracted more women?than men to the education centre in 2009. Language classes?had the highest number?of participants overall, with 40 female and 20 male?students, while painting was?a popular choice among both genders, attracting 30 female and 25 male attendees. The only course with a?higher?number of males was sculpture, but this course?was taken by a mere 15 people?in total.

Looking at the age profile pie chart, we can see that?the majority of people?attending evening lessons were over 40 years of age.?To be precise, 42% of them were aged 50 or more, and 26% were aged between 40 and 49. Younger adults?were in the minority, with only 11% of students aged 20 to 29, and only 5% aged under 20.

重點(diǎn)提示：

1.在引言中劃出改寫的內(nèi)容，并將其與問(wèn)題進(jìn)行比較

2.再看一遍概述段中選擇的2個(gè)要點(diǎn)(第2段)

3.我是如何將信息分成兩個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)段落的

4.有必要把柱狀圖和餅狀圖比較一下嗎?

5.在第3和第4段中提到的數(shù)字和年份下面劃線，數(shù)數(shù)報(bào)告中提到了多少數(shù)字

6.在報(bào)告中劃出比較類的語(yǔ)句

7.為什么我沒(méi)有使用任何改變類的語(yǔ)言(例如增加，減少)

8.每個(gè)段落要寫多少句話

（07）流程圖

流程圖主要為生產(chǎn)物品方面的內(nèi)容

流程圖特征：沒(méi)有數(shù)字，沒(méi)有數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比，沒(méi)有趨勢(shì)變化

寫作思路：先看有多少步驟，流程的開始和結(jié)束在哪里，再分步討論每個(gè)步驟

注意：要擅用描述步驟的語(yǔ)言以及被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

案例分析：

The diagrams* below show how glass containers, such as bottles, are produced and?recycled.

The first flow diagram illustrates?the process of?glass container production, and the second diagram shows?steps in the process of?recycling used glass.

We can see that glass is made using three main?raw materials, and that the?manufacturing?process?consists of four distinct stages.?It requires five steps?to?turn used glass into new glass products.

At the first stage?in the?production?of glass, sand, soda ash, limestone and other chemicals?are mixed?together.?Next,?this?mixture?is heated?in a glass furnace at approximately 1500℃ to produce molten glass. The molten glass?can then be shaped, by blowing, to create?the?end products, namely glass containers.

Glass recycling?begins with?the collection of used glass products.?The collected glass?is sorted according to?its colour, and?then?washed in order to remove any impurities. At the fourth stage of recycling, the glass is crushed and melted, and?the resulting molten glass?can finally be moulded to create?new items.

重點(diǎn)提示：

1.在引言中劃出改寫的內(nèi)容，并將其與問(wèn)題進(jìn)行比較

2.再看一遍概述段中選擇的2個(gè)要點(diǎn)(第2段)

3.在第3和第4段中提到的步驟語(yǔ)句下面劃線

4.在報(bào)告中劃出被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的語(yǔ)句

5.每個(gè)段落要寫多少句話

（08）對(duì)比圖

對(duì)比圖展示了一些事物的變化或兩個(gè)可供選擇的設(shè)計(jì)（包含地圖題）

寫作思路：描述變化的事物以及未變化的事物；描述相同點(diǎn)并比較不同點(diǎn)

注意：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要格外注意

案例分析：

The diagrams below show the existing ground floor plan of a house and a proposed plan for some building work.

The two pictures compare the?current layout?of the ground floor of a house with a?plan to redesign?the same?living space.

We can see that?the new design proposal involves?making a number of changes to the ground floor of the house, mainly in the?central hall area. There are no plans to change external walls or entrances.

The most noticeable change from the existing to the proposed floor plan is that?there will no longer be?a separate hall area?when the building work has been done.?This will be achieved by removing?the internal wall and door between the hall and living room, along with the current?staircase?and?under-stair storage cupboard. With no separate hall area, the proposed living room?will also contain?the staircase to the first floor.

To replace the current straight staircase,?a new set of winding stairs?will be installed?in the corner of the living room. The internal door between the hall and kitchen?will also be replaced?with double doors connecting the kitchen with the new living room. Finally, the?planned building work?will also include?the installation of some kitchen furniture.

重點(diǎn)提示：

1.在引言中劃出改寫的內(nèi)容，并將其與問(wèn)題進(jìn)行比較

2.再看一遍概述段中選擇的2個(gè)要點(diǎn)(第2段)

3.在報(bào)告中劃出變化類的語(yǔ)句

4.在第3和第4段中不同的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)下面劃線，數(shù)數(shù)報(bào)告中有多少種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

5.每個(gè)段落要寫多少句話

（09）寫作(Task 1)總結(jié)

寫作框架：引言---概述---細(xì)節(jié)---細(xì)節(jié)

寫作類型：

1.折線圖

2.柱狀圖

3.餅圖

4.表格題

5.流程圖

6.對(duì)比圖

學(xué)習(xí)思路：

1.回顧課程，將課程的介紹的寫作技巧牢記于心，并做到融會(huì)貫通

2.用課程介紹的寫作技巧不斷地進(jìn)行練習(xí)

注意：地圖題與圖表類問(wèn)題是完全一樣的，可以參考流程圖課程以及對(duì)比圖課程

1.如果遇到前后兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的地圖對(duì)比，可以按照對(duì)比圖的技巧來(lái)寫作

2.如果遇到一張地圖展示了當(dāng)?shù)氐陌l(fā)展，可以按照流程圖的技巧來(lái)寫作