原文鏈接：https://lichess.org/study/6qTvB7PB

原作者：LeninPerez

譯：Ottava

略作刪減，對內(nèi)容無影響。

1 Introduction ?介紹

Hi! Welcome to my new studio! I recently asked my studios if they wanted me to create a study on opening in English, their responses were all positive and now I must fulfill my promise, this is my study on ''The English Opening.''

你好哇！感謝你來到新的開局研討會！我之前問了朋友們的意見，他們都很支持我做有關(guān)英國式開局的教學，所以新教學就來了。以下是我關(guān)于“英國式開局”的研究。

The English Opening is a positional style opening, which is reputed to be VERY SOLID and tends to lead to a calm game, although this opening contains many theories, I will try to do my best to summarize the most important things you should know before to play it.

英國式開局是一種局面型的開局，它以非常扎實而聞名，并通常會導致一場不那么激烈的對局。雖然這種開局包含很多理論內(nèi)容，但我會盡量把使用英國式開局需要知道的最重要的事情總結(jié)出來。

This opening starts with 1.c4 (you can do it now) :D

這種開局的第一步是1.c4

This move may seem strange to you, since it is not as common as 1.e4 or 1.d4 for example. Still, this move kicks off the English Opening that we are going to talk about in this study.

這個走法可能會讓你感到奇怪，因為它不像1.e4或者1.d4那樣常見。不過，這個走法開啟了我們正要討論的英國式開局。

Press the heart of this study to support me and motivate me to do many more studies, and to know if you liked this study or if you are doing it.

一鍵三連，加速更新~

2 Scheme and Plans 開局計劃

I am going to use this chapter to help you understand the ideas, plans and standard scheme of the English Opening, so instead of memorizing, you will be able to understand the basics in order to achieve better results in your games.

我將用這一章的內(nèi)容來幫助你理解英國式開局的思想、計劃和標準走法，這樣你就不需要死記硬背，而是能夠掌握基本的理念，從而在你的比賽中取得更好的成績。

Start your games with 1.c4

第一步走c4

1.c4

2.Nc3

3.g3

4.Bg2

You should do this ALMOST ALWAYS in your games with the English Opening, which has this name thanks to the English player Howard Staunton, who put a LOT of use to this opening.

你在使用英式國開局時應(yīng)該幾乎總是走這幾步。這種開局之所以叫英國式開局，是因為英國棋手Howard Staunton經(jīng)常使用這種開局。

After 1.c4 your knight from b1 will go to c3, and then you will play g3 to bring your bishop from f1 to g2, that is the basis of this opening. The bishop that will be positioned on g2 is your most important piece, since it controls the entire h1-a8 diagonal.

在1.c4之后，你的b1馬會走到c3，然后你會走g3，把你的f1象帶到g2，這是此開局的基礎(chǔ)。g2象將是你最重要的棋子，因為它控制了整個h1-a8的對角線。

The other pieces have different directions (which I will explain to you in the following chapters), although I can mention that your e2 pawn must be yes or yes on e3.

其它棋子則有不同的出子方式（我會在后面的章節(jié)中向你解釋），不過可以提一下，你的e2兵幾乎總是要走到e3。

3 Anglo-Indian Defence 印度防御

1.c4 Nf6

This is the Anglo Indian Defense, characterized by the move 1.Nf6 after your first move 1.c4, whose idea is to make g6 to take the bishop from f8 to g7, something similar to what you want to do with your f1 bishop.

此為印度防御，以1...Nf6為特征，它的想法是走g6，把f8的象放到g7，這與你f1象做的事情類似。

2.Nc3 g6

3.g3 Bg7

4.Bg2

4... 0-0

5.d4 d6

Develop your knight

出馬

6.Nf3 Nc6

Your king is in the center...

你的王還在中間……

7.0-0 a6

You have to decide what to do with your dark-squared bishop, b3 is a good idea, don't you think?

如何出動c1的黑格象？b3可能是個不錯的選擇，你覺得呢？

8.b3

Yes! Your dark-squared bishop can have different directions, but you should know that one of the most common is b2, after you play b3 like now.

很好！當然你的黑格象可以有不同的出子方式，但你應(yīng)該知道b2是其中最常見的一種。

This position has been played many times, and most of them the white pieces are victorious.

這種局面已經(jīng)被下過很多次，而且多數(shù)情況下是白勝。

譯者注：下圖為lichess上近十年的數(shù)據(jù)，實際上8.b3并不常見。同時，這篇只是英國式開局的初步教學，還需后續(xù)學習更多內(nèi)容。

4 Reversed Sicilian 先手西西里

1.c4 e5

This defense is called the King's English Variation, but it is better known as the ''Reversed Sicilian'', and has this name since it is VERY similar to the Sicilian Defense (1.e4, 1.c5) but the white pieces (you) have an extra time.

這種防御被稱為王翼英國式變例，但它有一個更為人所知的名字——“xian'shou西西里”，之所以有這個名字，是因為它與西西里防御非常相似（1.e4 c5），但白方（你）多一步棋。

2.Nc3 Nf6

3.g3 d5

Your opponent wants the center! Capturing that pawn is a good idea?

你的對手試圖搶占中心！或許兌兵是個不錯的選擇？

4.cd Nd5

Develop your bishop

出象

5.Bg2 Nb6

Now develop your knight

出馬

6.Nf3 Nc6

(Psst, your king is in the center)

（注意，你的王還在中間）

7.0-0 Be7

It is time to make a decision with your central pawns.

是時候決定中心兵如何行動了。

What will be better?: Play d3? or Play e3?

兩種選擇：8.d3與8.e3 ，哪個更好？

8.d3

Very good!

很好！

e3 is very common in the English Opening, but it is not good to do it now since then the d3 square will be very weak.d3 is the best decision.

e3在英國式開局中很常見，但就目前來說，8.e3并不好，因為你的d3格將會很弱。8.d3是最好的選擇。

5 Symmetrical Variation 對稱防御

1.c4 c5

The ''Symmetrical Variation'' as its name implies, bears a lot of resemblance to the plans you want to make in the English Opening, as your opponent decides to ''mimic'' all of your moves to some extent.

正如其名，黑方“對稱防御”的開局計劃與你在英國式開局中的計劃非常相似，因為你的對手在某種程度上想完全模仿你走棋。

He shouldn't feel uncomfortable, just keep doing your standard moves and go ahead with his plans.

不必感到不適，按照標準的著法，繼續(xù)執(zhí)行你的計劃就好了。

2.Nc3 Nc6

3.g3 g6

4.Bg2 Bg7

As you can see, your opponent follows your steps.

如你所見，你的對手在模仿你走棋

Develop your knight

出馬

5.Nf3 Nf6

6.0-0 d6

If your opponent follows in your footsteps for a long time, then he won't have a good game, so he played d6 here.

如果你的對手一直模仿你走棋的話，他將永遠不會在局面上占優(yōu)，所以他在這里走了d6.

7.d4 cd

8.Nd4 Bd7

9.b3 0-0

10.Bb2

Excellent! Although the position is still symmetrical, you have a better game. The reason is your pieces, since these are more active than your opponent's, and your bishops control large diagonals, thus forming an X.

很好！雖然局面在某種程度上仍然是對稱的，但你的局面更好。原因是你輕子的位置更主動，而且你的象控制了大斜線，從而形成了一個X形。

6 Caro-Kann System Defensive 卡羅-康防御體系

1.c4 c6

Surely this seems familiar to you, and it is called "Caro-Kann System Defensive" after the famous Caro-Kann Defense, which also starts with 1.c6.

它被稱為“卡羅-康防御體系”，因為它和著名的卡羅-康防御一樣，都是以1.c6開局。

This defense has the same plans as the Caro-Kann Defense, so you will soon find yourself with a d5.

這種防御的思路和卡羅-康防御一樣，所以你很快就會發(fā)現(xiàn)黑方會走d5。

You already know what your second move is, so do it :)

你知道第二步走什么，走出這一步 :)

2.Nc3 d5

Capture the pawn

兌兵

3.cd cd

4.d4 Nf6

Develop your bishop

出象

5.Bf4 Nc6

6.d3 a6

It's time to develop your light-squared bishop, but it won't be g2 this time, or else you'll be a bit passive against this Caro-Kann System.

是時候出動白格象了，但這次不走Bg2，因為這種走法在面對卡羅-康體系時略顯被動。

What is the best square for your bishop then?

那么象放在哪個格子最好呢？

7.Bd3

Very good! From here your bishops are very dangerous, even if they are not in their natural squares.

很好！即使不在大斜線上，你的象在這個位置上也很具有殺傷力。

7... Bg4

8.Nge2 e6

9.0-0

Without a doubt you have a great development!

你已經(jīng)成功完成了出子階段

This is the ''English'' way of playing against this system, or at least that's what I call it :D

這就是對付卡羅-康防御這個體系的“英國式”方式，或者至少我是這么叫它的 :D

7 Agincourt Defense 阿金庫爾防御

1.c4 e6

The idea of the "Agincourt Defense" is to counter with a quick d5 supported by an e6, something similar to the French Defense.

“阿金庫爾防御”的目的是用一個由e6支持的d5來進行反擊，有點像法蘭西防御。

It is VERY DIFFICULT to get a good game with the typical plans of the English Opening, since it is better to transpose to other openings when your opponent plays this defense, since you will reach a better game, so you will have to change your plans a bit

如果你堅持用英國式開局的常規(guī)思路，將很難占到優(yōu)勢。當黑方采用這種防御時，你最好轉(zhuǎn)入其他開局，那樣你會有更好的局面，所以你需要調(diào)整一下你的計劃。

(Psst, your second move will never change)

（你的第二步不用變）

2.Nc3 d5

3.d4

This is already a Queen's Gambit, but it is the best to have a good game.

為了局面占優(yōu)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)入后翼棄兵開局

3... Nf6

4.cd ed

Develop your bishop in the best square

出象，到哪個格子最積極？

5.Bg5 Be7

6.e3 0-0

7.Bd3

Although your bishops are not on their natural or standard squares, they target the black king and are extremely dangerous.

雖然你的象不在英國式開局的標準位置，但他們威脅著黑王，仍很具有殺傷力。

7... c6

8.Qc2

Although this is no longer the English Opening, you have a good game! Led by your great bishops, who stare at the black king.

雖然這已經(jīng)不是英國式開局了，但你的局面很好！你的雙象很強，他們盯著黑方的國王。

Remember to change the "typical plans" before this opening, or else you will have an extremely passive game.

記得在這個開局之前改變一下“典型的英國式計劃”，否則你會有一個非常被動的局面。

8 Example Game 1

9 Example Game 2

這兩個部分太長了，以后單獨翻譯出來。

10 Conclusion

This study was done at the request of all of you, so I hope you had fun, and above all that you learned a lot about the English Opening, which is my goal.

應(yīng)大家的要求，我做了這篇教程，所以我希望你們玩得開心，更重要的是你們能從英國式開局中學到很多東西，這是我的目標。

Please, if you have come this far, do not leave the study without first pressing the heart of this study, I appreciate it!

如果你看到了這里，還不要忘了一鍵三連，感謝！

Until next Monday (if I have time it can be during the week), I am Lenin Perez and we will see you in a next study!

下周一見（如果我有時間的話，可以在一周內(nèi)），我是Lenin Perez，我們下次研討會再見！

（歡迎大家給翻譯提建議！或多或少有些翻譯腔，我盡量改進）